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Text of the page (random words):
e first person often inappropriately implies a point of view inconsistent with the neutrality policy while the second person is associated with the step by step instructions of a how to guide which wikipedia is not first and second person pronouns should ordinarily be used only in attributed direct quotations relevant to the subject of the article there can be exceptions to these guidelines for instance the inclusive we widely used in professional mathematics writing is sometimes used to present and explain examples in articles although discouraged on wikipedia even for that subject avoid gendered language when possible for example write the children or the actors rather than the boys and girls or the actors and actresses use the singular they instead of the generic he or write sentences in plural see wikipedia manual of style identity and wikipedia gender neutral language for further advice news style or persuasive writing shortcuts wp newsstyle wp newsstyle wp persuasive wp persuasive a wikipedia article should not sound like a news article especially avoid bombastic wording attempts at humor or cleverness over reliance on primary sources editorializing recentism pull quotes journalese and headlinese similarly avoid persuasive writing which has many of those faults and more of its own most often various kinds of appeals to emotion and related fallacies this style is used in press releases advertising editorial writing activism propaganda proposals formal debate reviews and much tabloid and sometimes investigative journalism it is not wikipedia s role to try to convince the reader of anything only to provide the salient facts as best they can be determined and the reliable sources for them comparison of styles news style persuasive style encyclopedic style at a press conference on monday evening sue speaker the spokesperson for the agency announced that the investigation had been officially closed the previous day the recently closed investigation demonstrates again why everyone should support restrictions on social media use by children and teenagers since it harms their privacy safety finances and mental health the investigation was closed colloquial emphatic or poetic language shortcuts wp colloquial wp colloquial wp colloquialism wp colloquialism wp emphatic wp emphatic wp formal wp formal wp informal wp informal wp poetic wp poetic see also wikipedia manual of style words to watch puffery wikipedia manual of style words to watch editorializing and wikipedia manual of style words to watch euphemisms another error of writing approach is attempting to make bits of material pop an undue weight problem such as with excessive emphasis over capitalization use of contractions unnecessary acronyms and other abbreviations the inclusion of hyperbolic adjectives and adverbs or the use of unusual synonyms or loaded words present the sourced information without embellishment agenda fanfare cleverness or conversational tone an extreme example of hyperbole and emphatic language taken from star canopus diving accident as of 28 december 2019 fixed in the next two revisions read miraculously both divers survived the 294 foot fall but now they faced a harrowing predicament helplessly trapped with nothing to keep them warm all they could do was huddle together and pray that rescuers would find them in time but time was not on their side this was fixed to both divers survived the 294 foot fall see wikipedia manual of style words to watch for other examples avoid using words and phrases like terrible rising star curiously championed the likes of or on the other side of the pond unless part of a quotation or stated as an external viewpoint punctuation marks that appear in the article should be used only per generally accepted practice exclamation marks should be used only if they occur in direct quotations rhetorical questions shortcut wp rhetorical wp rhetorical see also mos socratic as with exclamation marks question marks should also generally only be used if they occur in direct quotations do not pose rhetorical questions for the reader for example do not write there are many environmental concerns when it comes to industrial effluent how can these be solved well one solution involves rhetorical questions can occasionally be used when appropriate in the presentation of material but only when the question is asked by the material under consideration not being asked in wikipedia s own voice for example one model of policy analysis is the five e approach which consists of examining a policy in terms of effectiveness how well does it work or how well will it be predicted to work efficiency how much work does or will it entail are there significant costs associated with this solution and are they worth it 1 inappropriate lists see also wikipedia manual of style lists use prose where understood easily a related presentation problem is info dumping by presenting information in the form of a long bulleted list when it would be better as normal prose paragraphs this is especially true when the items in the list are not of equal importance or are not really comparable in some other way and need context using explanatory prose also helps identify and remove trivia if we cannot explain to readers why something is important then it is not important provide context for the reader shortcut wp audience wp audience wp audience redirects here for guideline on notability of companies with regards to reach of sources see wikipedia notability organizations and companies audience for articles without context see category wikipedia articles needing context for article context notice see template context for inline template for a general context problem see template context inline wikipedia is an international encyclopedia people who read wikipedia have different backgrounds education and opinions make your article accessible and understandable for as many readers as possible assume readers are reading the article to learn it is possible that the reader knows nothing about the subject so the article needs to explain the subject fully avoid using jargon whenever possible consider the reader an article entitled use of chromatic scales in early baroque music is likely to be read by musicians and technical details and terms are appropriate linking to articles explaining the technical terms on the other hand an article entitled baroque music is likely to be read by laypersons who want a brief and plainly written overview with links to available detailed information when jargon is used in an article a brief explanation should be given within the article aim for a balance between comprehensibility and detail so that readers can gain information from the article evaluating context here are some thought experiments to help you test whether you are setting enough context does the article make sense if the reader gets to it as a random page imagine yourself as a layperson in another english speaking country can you figure out what or who the article is about can you figure out whether a particular place or time is relevant can people tell what the article is about if the first page is printed out and passed around would a reader want to follow some of the links do sentences still make sense if they can t build the web main page wikipedia manual of style linking remember that every wikipedia article is tightly connected to a network of other topics establishing such connections via wikilink is a good way to establish context because wikipedia is not a long ordered sequence of carefully categorized articles like a paper encyclopedia but a collection of randomly accessible highly interlinked ones each article should contain links to more general subjects that serve to categorize the article when creating links do not go overboard and be careful to make your links relevant it is not necessary to link the same term twelve times although if it appears in the lead then near the end it might be a good idea to link it twice avoid making your articles orphans when you write a new article make sure that one or more other pages link to it to lessen the chances that your article will be orphaned through someone else s editing on those pages otherwise when it falls off the bottom of the recent changes page it will disappear into the mariana trench there should always be an unbroken chain of links leading from the main page to every article in wikipedia following the path you would expect to use to find your article may give you some hints as to which articles should link to your article state the obvious shortcut wp obvious wp obvious wp obvious redirects here for the essay about over citing obvious things see wikipedia you don t need to cite that the sky is blue some facts may be obvious to you but are not necessarily obvious to the reader usually the first sentence or two of the article is where it is necessary to state basic facts for example consider this sentence the ford thunderbird was conceived as a response to the chevrolet corvette and entered production for the 1955 model year here no mention is made of the ford thunderbird s fundamental nature it is an automobile focused on comfort it assumes that the reader already knows this and what a model year is assumptions that may not be correct especially if the reader is not familiar with cars perhaps instead the ford thunderbird is a personal luxury car manufactured by ford motor company for model years 1955 to 2005 with a hiatus from 1998 to 2001 however there is no need to go overboard there is no need to explain a common word like car links are sufficient to explain details relatively insignificant to the article and repetition is unnecessary if the context is clear enough for example shoichi yokoi was an apprentice tailor when he was conscripted into the imperial japanese army in 1941 conveys enough information for a biography section lead sections should focus on the main idea of the article however the following is not only verbose but redundant shoichi yokoi was a japanese citizen living in japan who became an apprentice tailor someone who makes clothes and was then drafted by the empire of japan into the imperial japanese army in 1941 lead section as explained in more detail at wikipedia lead section introductory text all but the shortest articles should start with introductory text the lead the lead should establish significance mention consequential or significant criticism or controversies and be written in a way that makes readers want to know more the appropriate length of the lead depends on the article but is usually less than 400 words or so the lead itself has no section heading opening paragraph shortcut wp better graf1 wp better graf1 normally the opening paragraph summarizes the most important points of the article it should clearly explain the subject so that the reader is prepared for the greater level of detail that follows if further introductory material is appropriate before the first section it can be covered in subsequent paragraphs in the lead introductions to biographical articles commonly double as summaries listing the best known achievements of the subject because some readers will read only the opening of an article the most vital information should be included first sentence content the article should begin with a short declarative sentence answering two questions for the nonspecialist reader what or who is the subject and why is this subject notable 2 if possible the page title should be the subject of the first sentence 3 in this case it may appear in a slightly different form should omit parenthetical disambiguators and may include variations 4 5 however if the article title is merely descriptive such as electrical characteristics of dynamic loudspeakers the title does not need to appear verbatim in the main text similarly where the page title is of the type list of a clearer and more informative introduction to the list is better than verbatim repetition of the title furthermore in biographical articles and articles about companies or organizations the first sentence should generally start with a full form of name regardless of article title if its subject is amenable to definition then the first sentence should give a concise definition where possible one that puts the article in context for the nonspecialist 6 similarly if the subject is a term of art provide the context as early as possible 7 if the article is about a fictional character or place make sure to say so 8 first sentence format as a general rule the first and only the first appearance of the page title should be in boldface as early as possible in the first sentence an electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge however if the title of a page is descriptive and does not appear verbatim in the main text then it should not be in boldface so for example electrical characteristics of dynamic loudspeakers begins with the chief electrical characteristic of a dynamic loudspeaker s driver is its electrical impedance as a function of frequency if the subject of the page is normally italicized for example a work of art literature album or ship then its first mention should be both bold and italic text if it is usually surrounded by quotation marks the title should be bold but the quotation marks should not las meninas spanish for the maids of honour is a 1656 painting by diego velázquez yesterday is a pop song originally recorded by the beatles for their 1965 album help if the subject of the page has a common abbreviation or more than one name the abbreviation in parentheses and each additional name should be in boldface on its first appearance sodium hydroxide na oh also known as lye caustic soda and incorrectly according to iupac nomenclature sodium hydrate is use as few links as possible before and in the bolded title thereafter words used in a title may be linked to provide more detail arugam bay is a bay situated on the indian ocean in the dry zone of sri lanka s southeast coast the rest of the opening paragraph after the first sentence proceed with a description remember the basic significance of a topic may not be obvious to nonspecialist readers even if they understand the basic characterization or definition tell them for instance peer review known as refereeing in some academic fields is a scholarly process used in the publication of manuscripts and in the awarding of money for research publishers and agencies use peer review to select and to screen submissions at the same time the process assists authors in meeting the standards of their discipline publications and awards that have not undergone peer review are liable to be regarded with suspicion by scholars and professionals in many fields the rest of the lead section if the article is long enough for the lead section to contain several paragraphs then the first paragraph should be short and to the point with a clear explanation of ...