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uture with a default configuration specifying that requests should time out after a maximum of one billion seconds however one billion seconds before the 2038 cutoff date is 01 27 28 utc on 13 may 2006 so requests sent after this time would result in a time out date that is beyond the cutoff this made time out calculations overflow and return dates that were actually in the past causing software to crash when the problem was discovered aolserver operators had to edit the configuration file and set the time out to a lower value 4 5 many types of self signed ca certificates generated on 32 bit systems can have very long expiration dates that go beyond the rollover point which will make them not work correctly affecting https verifications on services for instance vpns and sites that use them 16 the ms filtering engine update anti malware functions of microsoft exchange server installations broke on 1 january 2022 after an update the functions mapped the processed updateversion numbers which used a 9 or 10 digit yy mm dd n format to the unix time stamp numbers despite their times being very different so when the engine received the 220101001 22 01 01 v001 update which it took to mean 2201010001 with an extra zero near the end it tried mapping it to the 32 bit unix time s number and failed due to being higher than 2147483647 17 affected exchange servers failed to work unless they turned off the anti malware functions and an automated fix was published on 5 january 2022 citation needed in oracle access management version 10 1 4 3 for windows the identity console component sets a cookie containing ui preferences with an expiry of 500 000 000 seconds in the future approximately 15 years 312 days starting around 02 20 48 utc on 17 march 2022 this expiration date is beyond 19 january 2038 and so it throws an exception for certain search activities because the gmtime_r call cannot convert the number provided to a date to write to the cookie 18 solutions edit there is no universal solution for the year 2038 problem for example in the c language any change to the definition of the time_t data type would result in code compatibility problems in any application in which date and time representations are dependent on the nature of the signed 32 bit time_t integer changing time_t to an unsigned 32 bit integer which would extend the range to 2106 19 specifically 06 28 15 utc on sunday 7 february 2106 would adversely affect programs that store retrieve or manipulate dates prior to 1970 as such dates are represented by negative numbers increasing the size of the time_t type to 64 bits in an existing system would cause incompatible changes to the layout of structures and the binary interface of functions most operating systems designed to run on 64 bit hardware already use signed 64 bit time_t integers using a signed 64 bit value introduces a new wraparound date that is over twenty times greater than the estimated age of the universe approximately 292 billion years from now 20 however software on 64 bit operating systems can still cause problems by using 32 bit integers to handle timestamps 21 the ability to make computations on dates is limited by the fact that tm_year uses a signed 32 bit integer value starting at 1900 for the year this limits the year to a maximum of 2 147 485 547 2 147 483 647 1900 22 alternative proposals have been made some of which are already in use such as storing either milliseconds or microseconds since an epoch typically either 1 january 1970 or 1 january 2000 in a signed 64 bit integer providing a minimum range of 292 000 years at microsecond resolution 23 24 in particular java s and javascript s use of 64 bit signed integers to represent absolute timestamps as milliseconds since 1 january 1970 will work correctly for the next 292 million years other proposals for new time representations provide different precisions ranges and sizes almost always wider than 32 bits as well as solving other related problems such as the handling of leap seconds in particular tai64 25 is an implementation of the international atomic time tai standard the current international real time standard for defining a second and frame of reference citation needed implemented solutions edit starting with ruby version 1 9 2 released on 18 august 2010 the bug with year 2038 is fixed 26 by storing time in a signed 64 bit integer on systems with 32 bit time_t 27 starting with netbsd version 6 0 released in october 2012 the netbsd operating system uses a 64 bit time_t for both 32 bit and 64 bit architectures applications that were compiled for an older netbsd release with 32 bit time_t are supported via a binary compatibility layer but such older applications will still suffer from the y2038 problem 28 openbsd since version 5 5 released in may 2014 also uses a 64 bit time_t for both 32 bit and 64 bit architectures in contrast to netbsd there is no binary compatibility layer therefore applications expecting a 32 bit time_t and applications using anything different from time_t to store time values may break 29 linux originally used a 64 bit time_t for 64 bit architectures only the pure 32 bit abi was not changed due to backward compatibility 30 starting with version 5 6 of 2020 64 bit time_t is supported on 32 bit architectures too this was done primarily for the sake of embedded linux systems 31 gnu c library since version 2 34 released august 2021 added support for using 64 bit time_t on 32 bit platforms with appropriate linux versions this support can be activated by defining preprocessor macro _time_bits to 64 when compiling source code 32 freebsd uses 64 bit time_t for all 32 bit and 64 bit architectures except 32 bit i386 d which uses signed 32 bit time_t instead 33 the x32 abi for linux which defines an environment for programs with 32 bit addresses but running the processor in 64 bit mode uses a 64 bit time_t since it was a new environment there was no need for special compatibility precautions 30 network file system version 4 has defined its time fields as struct nfstime4 int64_t seconds uint32_t nseconds since december 2000 34 version 3 supports unsigned 32 bit values as struct nfstime3 uint32 seconds uint32 nseconds 35 values greater than zero for the seconds field denote dates after the 0 hour 1 january 1970 values less than zero for the seconds field denote dates before the 0 hour 1 january 1970 in both cases the nseconds nanoseconds field is to be added to the seconds field for the final time representation the ext4 filesystem when used with inode sizes larger than 128 bytes has an extra 32 bit field per timestamp of which 30 bits are used for the nanoseconds part of the timestamp and the other 2 bits are used to extend the timestamp range to the year 2446 36 the xfs filesystem starting with linux 5 10 has an optional big timestamps feature which extends the timestamp range to the year 2486 37 while the native apis of openvms can support timestamps up to 31 july 31086 38 the c runtime library crtl uses 32 bit integers for time_t 39 as part of y2k compliance work that was carried out in 1998 the crtl was modified to use unsigned 32 bit integers to represent time extending the range of time_t up to 7 february 2106 40 as of mysql 8 0 28 released in january 2022 the functions from_unixtime unix_timestamp and convert_tz handle 64 bit values on platforms that support them this includes 64 bit versions of linux macos and windows 41 42 in older versions built in functions like unix_timestamp will return 0 after 03 14 07 utc on 19 january 2038 43 as of mariadb 11 5 1 released in may 2024 the data type timestamp and functions from_unixtime unix_timestamp and convert_tz handle unsigned 32 bit values on 64 bit versions of linux macos and windows 44 this extended the range to 2106 02 07 06 28 15 and allowed users to store such timestamp values in tables without changing the storage layout and thus staying fully compatible with existing user data starting with visual c 2005 the crt uses a 64 bit time_t unless the _use_32bit_time_t preprocessor macro is defined 45 however the windows api itself is unaffected by the year 2038 bug as windows internally tracks time as the number of 100 nanosecond intervals since 1 january 1601 in a 64 bit signed integer which will not overflow until year 30 828 46 the os x rollover stuck system clock bug had been fixed as of mac os x el capitan citation needed dosbox x removed a dependency on the int32x32to64 macro for time calculation in version 2025 02 01 47 for windows devices whose clocks have jumped ahead a number of software tools to edit system settings or to synchronize with time servers exist that can mitigate any effects citation needed microsoft s syntax guides for visual studio have discouraged the use of _use_32bit_time_t and it has not been allowed when building with 64 bit versions of visual studio 14 despite the age of the oracle access manager version in question 18 june 2009 oracle issued the patch 33983548 on 6 april 2022 newer versions of oracle access manager are not known to be affected by the problem citation needed see also edit time formatting and storage bugs lists other similar problems often caused by rollover similar to the cause of this year 2038 problem a gps week number rollover will coincidentally happen later in 2038 but for a different reason a rollover in network time protocol version 3 and earlier in 2036 is very similar to the 2038 problem but is not identical notes edit unless otherwise specified all the numbers provided in this article have been derived using two s complement for signed integer arithmetic 2 147 483 647 is a double mersenne prime gps suffers its own time counter overflow problem known as gps week number rollover beginning with freebsd 15 0 the support for 32 bit cpu architectures including i386 has been dropped however the 32 bit armv7 architecture was exempt from this references edit 1 2 gibbs samuel 17 december 2014 is the year 2038 problem the new y2k bug the guardian archived from the original on 25 january 2022 retrieved 11 october 2018 bergmann arnd 6 february 2020 the end of an era linaro archived from the original on 7 february 2020 retrieved 13 september 2020 wagenseil paul 28 july 2017 digital epochalypse could bring world to grinding halt tom s guide archived from the original on 29 november 2021 retrieved 13 september 2020 1 2 the future lies ahead 28 june 2006 archived from the original on 28 november 2006 retrieved 19 november 2006 1 2 weird memory leak problem in aolserver 3 4 2 3 x archived 4 january 2010 at the wayback machine 12 may 2006 2 63 seconds 60 seconds minute 60 minutes hour 24 hours day 146097 days 400 years 365 2425 days gregorian year 292 277 billion gregorian years 13 79 billion years 21 19 times the estimated age of the universe after midnight utc on 1 january 1970 neglecting leap seconds diomidis spinellis 2006 code quality the open source perspective effective software development series in safari books online illustrated ed adobe press p 49 isbn 978 0 321 16607 4 zte blade running android 2 2 has 2038 problems archived from the original on 19 may 2022 retrieved 20 november 2018 larry seltzer 19 january 2013 25 years from today a time for bugs informationweek archived from the original on 26 august 2025 retrieved 16 august 2025 toshiba toshiba at300 pdf 2012 archived pdf from the original on 4 september 2025 retrieved 16 august 2025 the year 2038 problem interlinked archived from the original on 16 july 2014 retrieved 16 august 2025 ternary 10 december 2015 the iphone apocalypse january 19 2038 macrumors retrieved 17 august 2025 sayan sen 6 march 2024 remember y2k windows 95 98 2000 era app surprisingly stands tall against y2k38 superbug neowin archived from the original on 3 september 2025 retrieved 19 august 2025 1 2 gmtime _gmtime32 _gmtime64 microsoft learn 2 march 2024 archived from the original on 8 december 2024 retrieved 11 september 2025 arb test methods procedures arb ca gov california air resources board archived from the original on 18 november 2016 retrieved 12 september 2013 thomas claburn 9 february 2025 curious tale of broken vpns the year 2038 and certs that expired 100 years ago the register archived from the original on 1 august 2025 retrieved 17 august 2025 dean howell 1 january 2022 y2k22 bug microsoft rings in the new year by breaking exchange servers all around the world neowin archived from the original on 24 august 2025 retrieved 19 august 2025 oracle access manager oracle communities oracle corporation 24 march 2022 retrieved 25 february 2023 draft y2038 proofness design archived from the original on 21 september 2019 retrieved 25 may 2024 endrestøl trond 10 march 2015 when does the 64 bit unix time_t really end ximalas archived from the original on 23 september 2022 retrieved 24 september 2022 today is y2k38 commemoration day t 13 19 january 2025 cite web cs1 maint url status link felts bob 17 april 2010 the end of time stablecross com archived from the original on 11 october 2012 retrieved 19 march 2012 unununium time archived from the original on 8 april 2006 retrieved 19 november 2006 sun microsystems java api documentation for system currenttimemillis archived from the original on 30 september 2017 retrieved 29 september 2017 tai64 archived from the original on 26 september 2012 retrieved 4 september 2012 ruby 1 9 2 is released 18 august 2010 archived from the original on 8 april 2022 retrieved 1 april 2022 time c use 64bit arithmetic even on platforms with 32bit value github archived from the original on 3 november 2023 retrieved 3 november 2023 announcing netbsd 6 0 17 october 2012 archived from the original on 15 january 2016 retrieved 18 january 2016 openbsd 5 5 released may 1 2014 1 may 2014 archived from the original on 22 december 2015 retrieved 18 january 2016 1 2 jonathan corbet 14 august 2013 pondering 2038 lwn net archived from the original on 4 march 2016 retrieved 9 march 2016 lkml arnd bergmann git pull y2038 core driver and file system changes lkml org archived from the original on 14 february 2020 retrieved 30 january 2020 o donell carlos 2 august 2021 the gnu c library version 2 34 is now available sourceware archived from the original on 30 april 2024 retrieved 30 april 2024 arch www freebsd org archived from the original on 26 september 2018 retrieved 26 september 2018 haynes thomas noveck david eds march 2015 structured data types network file system nfs version 4 protocol ietf sec 2 2 doi 10 17487 rfc7530 rfc 7530 staubach peter pawlowski brian callaghan brent june 1995 nfs version 3 protocol specification archived from the original on 15 may 2024 retrieved 25 may 2024 ext4 data structures and algorithms archived from the original on 13 september 2022 retrieved 13 september 2022 michael larabel 15 october 2020 xfs file system with linux 5 10 punts year 2038 problem to the year 2486 phoronix archived from the original on 13 september 2022 retrieved 13 september 2022 wh...