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sub region history edit fort yuma california c 1875 steamboats on the colorado river at yuma c 1880 yuma crossing in 1886 the railway bridge over the colorado river was built in 1877 the area s first inhabitants were native american cultures and historic tribes their descendants now occupy the cocopah and quechan reservations in 1540 spanish colonial expeditions under hernando de alarcón and melchior díaz visited the area and immediately recognized the natural crossing of the colorado river as an ideal spot for a city the colorado river narrows to slightly under 1 000 feet 300 m wide in one area military expeditions that crossed the colorado river at the yuma crossing include juan bautista de anza 1774 the mormon battalion 1848 and the california column 1862 during and after the california gold rush to the late 1870s the yuma crossing was known for its ferry crossings for the southern emigrant trail this was considered the gateway to california and the great southwest 10 as it was one of the few natural spots where travelers could cross the otherwise very wide colorado river first settlements edit following the united states establishing fort yuma two towns developed one mile downriver the one on the california side was called jaeger city named after the owner of jaeger s ferry which crossed the river there it was for a time the larger of the two with the butterfield overland mail office and station two blacksmiths a hotel two stores and other dwellings 11 the other was called colorado city developed on the south side of the river in what is now arizona by speculator charles poston it was the site of the custom house when started it was just north of the border between mexican ruled sonora mexico and california after the gadsden purchase by the united states the town bordered on the territory of new mexico this area was designated as the territory of arizona in 1863 the colorado city site at the time was duly registered in san diego both banks of the colorado river just below its confluence with the gila were recognized as being within the jurisdiction of california the county of san diego collected taxes from there for many years 12 from 1853 a smaller settlement arizona city grew up on the high ground across from the fort and was organized under the name of its post office in 1858 it had adobe dwellings two stores and two saloons colorado city and jaeger city were almost completely destroyed by the great flood of 1862 and had to be rebuilt on higher ground at that time colorado city became part of arizona city 11 13 later on taking the name yuma in 1873 early development edit from 1854 colorado city was the major steamboat stop for traffic up and down the colorado river after the 1862 flood it became part of arizona city the steamboats transported passengers and equipment for the various mines and military outposts along the colorado colorado city was the terminus of wagon traffic up the gila river into new mexico territory they offloaded the cargo from ships at the mouth of the colorado river at robinson s landing and from 1864 at port isabel from 1864 the yuma quartermaster depot today a state historic park supplied all forts in present day arizona as well as large parts of colorado and new mexico after arizona became a separate territory yuma became the county seat for yuma county in 1871 replacing la paz the first seat the southern pacific railroad bridged the river in 1877 and acquired george alonzo johnson s colorado steam navigation company the only steamboat company on the river yuma became the new base of navigation on the river ending the need for port isabel which was abandoned in 1879 the warehouses and shipyard there were moved to yuma geography edit yuma is near the borders of california to the west and mexico to the south and just west of the gila river s confluence with the colorado the city is approximately 60 miles 100 km from the gulf of california sea of cortez a branch of the pacific according to the united states census bureau the city has a total area of 106 7 square miles 276 km 2 of which 106 6 square miles 276 km 2 is land and 0 1 square miles 0 26 km 2 0 07 is water climate edit yuma is noted for its weather extremes of any populated place in the contiguous united states yuma is the driest the sunniest and the least humid has the lowest frequency of precipitation and has the highest number of sunny days per year 175 with a daily maximum temperature of 90 f 32 c or higher 14 15 yuma features a hot desert climate köppen climate classification bwh with extremely hot summers and warm winters atmospheric humidity is usually very low except during what are called gulf surges when a maritime tropical air mass from the gulf of california is drawn northward usually in connection with the summer monsoon or the passage of a tropical storm to the south 16 the sun is said to shine during about 90 of the daylight hours making yuma one of the sunniest places in the world 17 the city receives the most recorded mean sunshine of anywhere on earth 15 18 although the equipment used by the united states tends to provide higher sunshine estimates than the traditional campbell stokes recorder 19 on average yuma receives 3 36 inches 85 mm of rain annually even in the wettest year of 2005 only 7 39 in 188 mm fell the driest year at yuma airport was 2007 with only 0 15 in 3 8 mm recorded on average the wettest months of the year are during the monsoon months of august and september and december when moisture from winter storms arrives from the pacific ocean june is the driest month with drought virtually absolute in 1995 yuma recorded its all time high temperature of 124 f 51 c 20 the lowest recorded temperature was in the yuma mesa area in january 2007 the temperature fell to 21 f 6 c for approximately two hours harming many crops grown in and around yuma citrus suffered the most particularly the lemon crop according to an arizona department of agriculture report in february 2007 there was a 75 to 95 loss of crop and trees on average according to the 1991 2020 climate period the temperature reaches freezing point in one year in fifteen and there are 117 days per year during which the temperature reaches or exceeds 100 f 38 c usually from april through october 21 during july and august the temperature fails to reach 100 f 38 c on only one and two days on average respectively 21 in 1997 the desert city sustained a full tropical storm after hurricane nora made landfall at the mouth of the colorado river and quickly moved due north along it this rare event cut power to 12 000 customers in yuma and dropped 3 59 inches 91 mm of rain at marine corps air station yuma the last time a hurricane had hit near yuma was in mid august 1977 when similar rainfalls were recorded climate data for yuma arizona 1991 2020 normals a sunshine 1981 2010 extremes 1878 present month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high f c 88 31 97 36 109 43 107 42 120 49 122 50 124 51 120 49 123 51 113 45 98 37 86 30 124 51 mean maximum f c 79 5 26 4 84 1 28 9 92 8 33 8 100 3 37 9 106 2 41 2 112 9 44 9 115 0 46 1 114 4 45 8 110 6 43 7 102 2 39 0 89 5 31 9 78 0 25 6 116 6 47 0 mean daily maximum f c 69 8 21 0 73 4 23 0 80 2 26 8 86 4 30 2 94 3 34 6 103 3 39 6 106 7 41 5 106 4 41 3 101 4 38 6 90 2 32 3 77 7 25 4 67 8 19 9 88 1 31 2 daily mean f c 58 8 14 9 61 9 16 6 67 6 19 8 73 1 22 8 80 6 27 0 89 1 31 7 94 6 34 8 94 8 34 9 89 5 31 9 78 0 25 6 66 1 18 9 57 3 14 1 76 0 24 4 mean daily minimum f c 47 9 8 8 50 4 10 2 55 0 12 8 60 8 16 0 66 9 19 4 75 0 23 9 82 6 28 1 83 2 28 4 77 6 25 3 65 7 18 7 54 4 12 4 46 8 8 2 63 8 17 7 mean minimum f c 38 1 3 4 40 8 4 9 44 7 7 1 49 6 9 8 56 8 13 8 65 1 18 4 75 2 24 0 75 0 23 9 66 9 19 4 54 6 12 6 44 1 6 7 37 2 2 9 35 6 2 0 record low f c 22 6 25 4 31 1 38 3 39 4 50 10 61 16 58 14 50 10 35 2 29 2 22 6 22 6 average precipitation inches mm 0 39 9 9 0 38 9 7 0 39 9 9 0 14 3 6 0 06 1 5 0 01 0 25 0 24 6 1 0 20 5 1 0 68 17 0 13 3 3 0 23 5 8 0 43 11 3 28 83 average precipitation days 0 01 in 2 6 2 3 1 9 0 8 0 5 0 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 0 1 0 2 3 16 6 mean monthly sunshine hours 268 4 270 8 335 5 365 5 407 4 415 4 392 6 375 6 341 7 319 6 270 1 252 7 4 015 3 percentage possible sunshine 84 88 90 94 95 97 90 91 92 91 86 81 90 average ultraviolet index 3 5 7 8 10 10 11 10 9 6 4 3 7 source 1 noaa 22 23 source 2 weather atlas 24 snow in yuma has only been recorded on december 12 1932 when a light coating of snow covered the city for the first and only time in its history a few flakes fell in january 1937 and december 1967 mixed with rain 25 demographics edit historical population census pop note 1860 130 1870 1 144 780 0 1880 1 200 4 9 1890 1 773 47 8 1900 1 519 14 3 1910 2 914 91 8 1920 4 237 45 4 1930 4 892 15 5 1940 5 325 8 9 1950 9 145 71 7 1960 23 974 162 2 1970 29 007 21 0 1980 42 481 46 5 1990 54 923 29 3 2000 77 515 41 1 2010 93 064 20 1 2020 95 548 2 7 2023 est 100 858 26 5 6 u s decennial census 27 yuma first appeared on the 1860 u s census as the village of arizonia arizona city in what was then arizona county new mexico territory see arizona city yuma arizona for details it returned as arizona city in 1870 and then became yuma in 1873 on april 12 1902 the village of yuma was incorporated as a town 28 it formally incorporated as a city on april 7 1914 29 racial and ethnic composition edit yuma arizona racial and ethnic composition note the us census treats hispanic latino as an ethnic category this table excludes latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category hispanics latinos may be of any race race ethnicity nh non hispanic pop 2000 30 pop 2010 31 pop 2020 32 2000 2010 2020 white nh 36 784 35 306 29 815 47 45 37 94 31 20 black or african american nh 2 220 2 532 2 069 2 86 2 72 2 17 native american or alaska native nh 747 992 843 0 96 1 07 0 88 asian nh 1 086 1 561 1 786 1 40 1 68 1 87 pacific islander or native hawaiian nh 105 143 135 0 14 0 15 0 14 some other race nh 100 136 362 0 13 0 15 0 38 mixed race or multiracial nh 1 073 1 361 2 318 1 38 1 46 2 43 hispanic or latino any race 35 400 51 033 58 220 45 67 54 84 60 93 total 77 515 93 064 95 548 100 00 100 00 100 00 2022 american community survey edit as of the 2022 update american community survey estimates there were 98 517 people and 39 210 households 33 34 the population density was 813 9 inhabitants per square mile 314 2 km 2 there were 45 408 housing units at an average density of 375 2 per square mile 144 9 km 2 35 36 34 the racial makeup of the city was 39 7 white 27 9 some other race 2 4 black or african american 1 5 asian and 0 8 native american or alaskan native with 27 7 from two or more races 34 hispanics or latinos of any race were 66 5 of the population 34 of the 39 210 households 37 8 had children under the age of 18 living with them 32 2 had seniors 65 years or older living with them 48 2 were married couples living together 6 8 were couples cohabitating 17 4 had a male householder with no partner present and 27 6 had a female householder with no partner present 33 the median household size was 2 45 and the median family size was 2 96 33 the age distribution was 26 3 under 18 12 9 from 18 to 24 26 5 from 25 to 44 16 7 from 45 to 64 and 17 7 who were 65 or older the median age was 33 6 years 37 the median income for a household was 58 043 with family households having a median income of 65 926 and non family households 32 347 the per capita income was 31 467 38 39 out of the 96 149 people with a determined poverty status 9 8 were below the poverty line further 10 5 of minors and 11 6 of seniors were below the poverty line 40 in the survey residents self identified with various ethnic ancestries people of english descent made up 5 6 of the population of the town followed by german at 5 0 american at 3 4 irish at 3 1 sub saharan african at 1 4 swedish at 1 4 italian at 1 3 french at 0 9 norwegian at 0 7 scottish at 0 6 and scotch irish at 0 5 33 2020 census edit as of the 2020 census yuma had a population of 95 548 the median age was 34 5 years 26 3 of residents were under the age of 18 and 16 1 of residents were 65 years of age or older for every 100 females there were 96 3 males and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 93 5 males age 18 and over 41 42 98 8 of residents lived in urban areas while 1 2 lived in rural areas 43 there were 33 582 households in yuma of which 37 7 had children under the age of 18 living in them of all households 49 0 were married couple households 17 2 were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present and 26 7 were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present about 23 7 of all households were made up of individuals and 11 1 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older 41 there were 41 496 housing units of which 19 1 were vacant the homeowner vacancy rate was 2 0 and the rental vacancy rate was 11 5 41 racial composition as of the 2020 census 42 race number percent white 44 367 46 4 black or african american 2 443 2 6 american indian and alaska native 1 683 1 8 asian 1 978 2 1 native hawaiian and other pacific islander 180 0 2 some other race 22 078 23 1 two or more races 22 819 23 9 hispanic or latino of any race 58 220 60 9 2010 census edit as of the 2010 census there were 93 064 people there were 38 626 housing units in yuma city 79 5 of which were occupied housing units the racial makeup of the city was 37 9 white 2 7 black or african american 1 1 native american 1 7 asian 0 2 pacific islander and 1 6 from two or more races 54 8 of the population were hispanic or latino of any race 44 2000 census edit as of the 2000 census there were 77 515 people 26 649 households and 19 613 families residing in the city the population density was 726 8 inhabitants per square mile 280 6 km 2 there were 34 475 housing units at an average density of 323 3 per square mile 124 8 km 2 the racial makeup of the city was 47 5 white 2 9 black or african american 1 0 native american 1 4 asian 0 1 pacific islander 0 1 from other races and 1 4 from two or more races 45 7 of the population were hispanic or latino of any race there were 26 649 households out of which 38 8 had children under the age of 18 living with them 56 6 were married couples living together 13 1 had a female householder with no husband present and 26 4 were non families 21 7 of all households were made up of individuals and 9 8 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older the average household size was 2 79 and the average family size was 3 27 in the city the population was spread out with 29 6 under the age of 18 11 9 from 18 to 24 27 1 from 25 to 44 17 5 from 45 to 64 and 13 9 who were 65 years of age or older the median age was 31 years for every 100 females there were 99 1 males for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97 2 males according to the 2006 american community survey estimate the median income for a household in the city w...