Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

of, case, sound, plurals, sentences, verb, sisters, ʾiʿrab, contents, etymology, grammatical, cases, types, declension, sentence, structure, verbs, see, also, references, external, links, nominative, accusative, genitive, fully, declined, nouns, triptotes, diptotes, masculine, feminine, other, declensional, paradigms, verbal, nominal, equations, no, copula, overt, inna, with, kāna,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (264), and (80), arabic (75), case (46), verb (42), for (39), are (37), accusative (36), sentence (36), with (31), nouns (28), #nominative (26), edit (26), when (26), subject (24), this (22), alif (22), that (22), not (20), genitive (19), judeo (17), object (17), there (15), example (15), noun (15), final (14), grammatical (14), writer (14), inna (14), endings (14), indefinite (14), written (13), these (13), kāna (13), nominal (13), sisters (13), script (12), which (12), ending (12), cases (11), also (11), formed (11), verbal (11), word (11), plurals (11), was (10), classical (10), vowel (10), dropped (10), spelled (10), pronounced (10), إِنَّ (10), they (10), definite (10), from (9), state (9), only (9), but (9), both (9), كَانَ (9), respectively (9), construct (9), house (9), other (8), nunation (8), usually (8), means (8), used (8), sister (8), read (8), end (8), marked (8), plural (8), identically (8), wikipedia (7), may (7), grammar (7), algerian (7), its (7), literally (7), such (7), ism (7), role (7), takes (7), sentences (7), order (7), take (7), predicate (7), sound (7), masculine (7), parents (7), feminine (7), suffixes (7), non (6), language (6), left (6), eastern (6), spoken (6), two (6), pausa (6), meaning (6), write (6), thus (6), verbs (6), book (6), hādhā (6), هٰذَا (6), famous (6), label (6), have (6), without (6), overt (6), wrote (6), jumla (6), broken (6), teachers (6), types (6), regular (6), adding (6), languages (5), toggle (5), page (5), links (5), declension (5), standard (5), names (5), western (5), isbn (5), see (5), because (5), all (5), one (5), main (5), ٱلْكَاتِبُ (5), khabar (5), follows (5), right (5), man (5), invariable (5), maqṣūrah (5), children (5), diptotes (5), singular (5), added (5), term (5), ʾiʿrab (4), contents (4), search (4), egyptian (4), ipa (4), short (4), old (4), english (4), formal (4), their (4), irab (4), tunisian (4), north (4), modern (4), university (4), forms (4), long (4), followed (4), phrases (4), has (4), like (4), kātibu (4), خَبَرٌ (4), would (4), clause (4), then (4), verily (4), mubtada (4), مُبْتَدَأٌ (4), فِعْلٌ (4), following (4), khabariya (4), structure (4), diptotic (4), same (4), dual (4), iḍāfah (4), making (4), ـَاتِ (4), never (4), many (4), risāla (4), marbūṭah (4), fully (4), fatḥah (4), some (4), even (4), beautiful (4), ʾiʿrāb (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), text (3), using (3), pages (3), maghrebi (3), root (3), pidgin (3), yemeni (3), moroccan (3), baghdadi (3), south (3), maltese (3), pre (3), ayn (3), braille (3), numerals (3), history (3), press (3), arab (3), grammarians (3), jussive (3), known (3), whether (3), three (3), pronunciation (3), often (3), manṣūb (3), will (3), marfū (3), tense (3), ٱلْكِتَابَ (3), ukht (3), أُخْتُ (3), nom (3), form (3), kataba (3), كَتَبَ (3), anna (3), words (3), complete (3), phrase (3), any (3), most (3), maqṣūr (3), behave (3), manqūṣ (3), becomes (3), preceded (3), again (3), ـَاتٍ (3), note (3), ـَيْنِ (3), īna (3), ـِينَ (3), less (3), certain (3), ٱلرَّجُلِ (3), rajuli (3), article (3), system (3), applies (3), hamzah (3), declined (3), unwritten (3), how (3), equational (3), texts (3), tools (3), subsection (3), table (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), available (2), additional (2), terms (2), use (2), categories (2), articles (2), description (2), wikidata (2), german (2), declensions (2), vocative (2), purpose (2), modal (2), comparative (2), possessive (2), comitative (2), dative (2), temporal (2), superlative (2), locative (2), elative (2), time (2), morphosyntactic (2), alignment (2), category (2), varieties (2), islam (2), thuluth (2), hijazi (2), mater (2), lectionis (2), letters (2), jordanian (2), gulf (2), sanʽani (2), adeni (2), tripolitanian (2), syrian (2), palestinian (2), iraqi (2), central (2), bedawi (2), hilal (2), hilalian (2), village (2), literary (2), nabataean (2), alphabet (2), diacritics (2), ancient (2), arabian (2), link (2), analysis (2), external (2), 2011 (2), cambridge (2), reference (2), john (2), edinburgh (2), part (2), references (2), indicative (2), subjunctive (2), pair (2), name (2), vowels (2), first (2), unvocalised (2), leaving (2), just (2), yaktub (2), energetic (2), dependent (2), upon (2), prefix (2), attached (2), should (2), can (2), مَنْصُوبٌ (2), writes (2), مَرْفُوعٌ (2), aspect (2), يَكْتُبُ (2), begins (2), doctor (2), مَا (2), among (2), type (2), although (2), equation (2), shows (2), class (2), mark (2), actions (2), events (2), akhawāt (2), أَخَوَاتُ (2), kātiba (2), ٱلْكَاتِبَ (2), mashhūrun (2), مَشْهُورٌ (2), above (2), introduction (2), kitāba (2), particle (2), instead (2), close (2), something (2), adjectival (2), equations (2), copula (2), jumlah (2), ٱلْجُمْلَةُ (2), maf (2), different (2), does (2), always (2), correspond (2), into (2), incomplete (2), inshaiya (2), itself (2), eloquent (2), dunyā (2), fuṣḥá (2), differently (2), due (2), instability (2), definiteness (2), morpho (2), phonotactic (2), processes (2), resulted (2), deficient (2), ٱسْمُ (2), layāliya (2), layālin (2), similarly (2), ayni (2), declensional (2), paradigms (2), mudarrisāti (2), awlādi (2), ٱلْأَوْلَادِ (2), female (2), mudarrisātu (2), spelling (2), speech (2), āti (2), ـَاتٌ (2), ـَاتُ (2), jam (2), sālim (2), جَمْعُ (2), ٱلسَّالِمُ (2), men (2), rijāli (2), ٱلرِّجَالِ (2), wālidīna (2), wālidūna (2), ـُونَ (2), poetry (2), bayti (2), majrūr (2), bayta (2), baytu (2), pausal (2), points (2), triptotes (2), ـِي (2), ـَيْ (2), kasrah (2), objects (2), prepositions (2), particles (2), numbers (2), cognate (2), adverbs (2), complement (2), girl (2), bintu (2), ٱلْبِنْتُ (2), require (2), several (2), ḍammah (2), notable (2), situations (2), shown (2), exception (2), letter (2), where (2), qur (2), books (2), information (2), textbooks (2), vocalised (2), etymology (2), aloud (2), suffix (2), depending (2), similar (2), dialects (2), here (2), iran (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), bahasa (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, under, apply, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, inc, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, september, 2026, utc, hidden, deprecated, archive, template, containing, matches, linguistic, morphology, retrieved, https, org, index, php, title, oldid, 1373797881, slovak, serbo, croatian, russian, lithuanian, latvian, latin, irish, hungarian, hindi, gothic, high, georgian, finnish, middle, archaic, dutch, czech, postpositional, prepositional, causal, benefactive, aversive, cause, translative, semblative, orientative, multiplicative, instructive, exessive, essive, equative, adverbial, manner, sociative, privative, possessed, ornative, instrumental, caritive, abessive, possession, companion, instrument, terminative, superessive, sublative, subessive, prolative, postessive, postelative, pertingent, perlative, medial, qualitative, limitative, lative, intrative, inessive, inelative, illative, egressive, distributive, delative, approximative, apudessive, antessive, allative, adessive, ablative, location, direction, pegative, partitive, oblique, intransitive, ergative, direct, absolutive, list, between, parentheses, indicate, extinct, italics, macarabic, encoding, dos, codepages, 864, 720, 711, 710, 709, 708, windows, 1256, iso, iec, 8859, unicode, keyboard, technical, tawqi, taliq, sini, shahmukhi, ruqʽa, rasm, nastaliq, naskh, muhaqqaq, mashq, kufic, kairouani, jeli, jawi, diwani, ajami, calligraphy, quranic, corpus, triliteral, imala, tajwid, sun, moon, phonology, linguistics, literature, academic, turku, madam, nubi, maridi, juba, bengali, bongor, bimbashi, pidgins, creoles, habban, beda, tunisene, wqal, kjal, bedouin, sociological, nigerian, chadian, shirvani, khorasani, kashkadarya, bukhara, bactrian, asian, others, tihami, taʽizzi, indonesian, hadhrami, shihhi, omani, najdi, group, yafiʽi, hejazi, qatari, khamseh, kuwaiti, emirati, bahraini, dhofari, bareqi, bahrani, peninsular, cypriot, anatolian, qeltu, shawi, khuzestani, gilit, mesopotamian, damascene, aleppine, lebanese, cilician, levantine, sudanese, saʽidi, nile, valley, sulaym, libyan, maqil, nemadi, hassaniya, saharan, mountain, jebli, traras, msirda, lesser, kabylia, jijel, sfaxian, sahel, sahili, fessi, tunis, ceuta, urban, żurrieqi, żejtun, qormi, gozitan, cottenera, australian, sicilian, andalusi, proto, islamic, waw, nun, mim, lam, kaf, qaf, ghayn, ḍad, ṣad, shin, sin, zay, dhal, dal, kha, gim, tha, dagger, hamza, shaddah, tanwin, harakat, tashkil, ijam, scripts, influence, romanization, overviews, removed, checking, syntactic, blog, ryding, karin, 9780521771511, mace, 2002, 7486, 1079, guide, levin, aryeh, 1995, fundamental, principles, theory, 232, 214, jerusalem, studies, amal, jalajel, david, solomon, bellville, cape, 978, 86808, 716, expressing, rab, presentation, haywood, alfred, nahmad, hayim, musa, 1965, 2nd, london, lund, humphries, 85331, 585, new, brustad, kristen, batal, mahmoud, tonsi, abbas, 1997, washington, georgetown, 87840, 350, textbook, hasan, 1987, 545, mimation, tashkīl, inflection, traditional, equated, indicated, borne, out, probably, genuine, historical, connection, resemblance, mere, coincidence, caused, fact, informal, يكتب, must, yaktubanna, yaktuban, imperative, uktub, clipped, off, let, him, become, required, euphony, consonants, yaktubi, majzūm, مَجْزُومٌ, yaktuba, sayaktubu, yaktubu, imperfective, suffixed, determine, mood, six, moods, explicit, marks, actual, writing, instance, indicates, completed, mashhūran, مَشْهُورًا, ٱسْمٌ, كان, contrasts, present, past, acc, remained, ẓalla, ظَلَّ, reached, became, aṣbaḥa, أَصْبَحَ, still, ceased, zāla, زَالَ, laysa, لَيْسَ, considered, according, seem, possible, clearly, duration, states, ʼinna, consider, unaffected, remain, إنّ, though, كَأَنَّ, لِأَنَّ, lākinna, لٰكِنَّ, أَنَّ, emphasis, called, share, characteristics, them, خَبَر, merely, attributes, predicative, ismīyah, ٱلْاِسْمِيَّةُ, maktūba, ٱلْمَكْتُوبَ, فَاعِلٌ, bihi, مَفْعُولٌ, بِهِ, preferred, līyah, ٱلْفِعْلِيَّةُ, depends, plays, multiple, structures, each, demands, roles, nor, divided, branches, composed, descriptive, while, made, lya, ismiya, cannot, those, foreign, fall, additionally, rare, ayhi, sībawayhi, colloquially, egypt, common, another, world, sebæˈweː, relative, loss, distinctions, rests, occasionally, simply, retain, hospital, completely, mustashfā, mustashfan, ٱلْمَقْصُورِ, were, reckoned, originally, taken, triptotic, through, latter, judge, versus, diptotal, nights, unstable, layālī, qāḍiya, qāḍī, qāḍiyan, qāḍin, iya, iyan, ٱلْمَنْقُوصِ, denote, decline, very, look, marking, wālidayni, wālidāni, āni, مُدَرِّسَاتِ, ٱلْمُدَرِّسَاتِ, mudarrisātin, مُدَرِّسَاتٍ, مُدَرِّسَاتُ, ٱلْمُدَرِّسَاتُ, mudarrisātun, مُدَرِّسَاتٌ, identical, ـَات, ātu, annath, ٱلْمُؤَنَّثُ, wālidī, وَالِدِي, ٱلْوَالِدِينَ, وَالِدِينَ, wālidū, وَالِدُو, ٱلْوَالِدُونَ, more, than, وَالِدُونَ, mostly, denoting, male, human, beings, stay, precedes, ūna, mudhakkar, ٱلْمُذَكَّرُ, reverts, normal, few, including, proper, places, forbidden, inflecting, mamnū, min, ṣarf, ٱلْمَمْنُوعُ, مِنْ, ٱلصَّرْفِ, couplet, بَيْتِ, ٱلبَيْتِ, بَيْتٍ, baytin, dragged, مَجْرُورٌ, بَيْتَ, ٱلْبَيْتَ, بَيْتًا, baytan, erected, بَيْتُ, ٱلْبَيْتُ, بَيْتٌ, baytun, raised, message, رسالة, رِسَالَةٍ, رِسَالَةً, رِسَالَةٌ, رِسَالَة, triptote, having, separate, addition, produce, tanwīn, munṣarif, مُنْصَرِفٌ, لـِ, preposition, receive, nunated, ـِيْنَ, كَسْرَة, adjectives, tallest, boy, aṭwalu, waladin, أَطْوَلُ, وَلَدٍ, adverb, second, third, fourth, etc, construction, إِضَافَةٌ, ٱلْمَجْرُورُ, affects, mandatory, sometimes, changed, simple, bayt, بَيْتاً, ـًا, فَتْحَة, absolute, categorical, negation, لَا, exceptive, negative, abdallah, abd, llah, يَا, عبدَ, اللهِ, exclamation, astonishment, she, أَجْمَلَهَا, ajmalahā, counted, cardinal, ordinal, much, كَمْ, kam, circumstantial, ٱلْحَال, ḥāl, ٱلْمَفْعُولُ, لِأَجْلِهِ, ajlihi, specification, ٱلتَّمْيِيزُ, tamyīz, internal, semi, transitive, seeming, ẓanna, ظَنَ, hence, way, kānat, jamīlatan, كَانَتْ, جَمِيلَةً, jamīlatun, جَمِيلَةٌ, yakūnu, يَكُونُ, initiated, subordinating, conjunctions, subordinate, uses, ٱلْمَنْصُوب, ـُو, ـَا, ـَانِ, ضَمَّة, citation, exceptions, ٱلْمَرْفُوعُ, orthography, sits, before, unvowelled, however, remove, ambiguous, further, discussed, section, along, examples, skip, allowing, fluent, thing, expressed, disclosed, masdar, stem, notably, learners, articulated, formally, survive, occurs, accordance, rules, generally, line, requirements, metre, knowledge, speakers, omit, reading, foreigners, teach, heavy, focus, either, omitting, altogether, giving, small, fixed, nuniyya, waqf, ٱلْوَقْف, dialect, vocalized, ʔiʕraːb, إِعْرَاب, redirects, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, pdf, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, related, what, general, talk, سنڌي, русский, melayu, қазақша, italiano, indonesia, français, español, asturianu, العربية, top, personal, special, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, current, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
d pausa leaving only ـَات āt making all cases pronounced identically the final n is dropped when the noun is in iḍāfah construct state nominative مُدَرِّسَاتٌ mudarrisātun female teachers ٱلْمُدَرِّسَاتُ al mudarrisātu the teachers مُدَرِّسَاتُ ٱلْأَوْلَادِ mudarrisātu l awlādi the teachers of the children accusative and genitive مُدَرِّسَاتٍ mudarrisātin female teachers ٱلْمُدَرِّسَاتِ al mudarrisāti the teachers مُدَرِّسَاتِ ٱلْأَوْلَادِ mudarrisāti l awlādi the teachers of the children other declensional paradigms edit the dual these nouns denote two of something they decline very similarly to the sound masculine plurals because they are not marked for definiteness and look the same in both the accusative and genitive cases for the nominative the marking is āni and for the accusative genitive ayni an example is parents which is wālidāni and wālidayni respectively ٱسْمُ ٱلْمَنْقُوصِ ism al manqūṣ deficient nouns ending with yā these nouns behave differently due to the instability of the final vowel when indefinite these nouns take a final in in the nominative genitive and iyan in the accusative when definite they take a long ī in the nominative genitive and iya in the accusative these nouns were reckoned by the grammarians to have originally taken the triptotic endings but through morpho phonotactic processes the latter resulted an example is judge which is qāḍin qāḍiyan versus al qāḍī and al qāḍiya respectively also a noun can be both ism al manqūṣ and diptotal for example layālin nights is a broken plural with a final unstable vowel with case endings this noun becomes layālin layāliya and al layālī al layāliya ٱسْمُ ٱلْمَقْصُورِ ism al maqṣūr deficient nouns ending with alif or alif maqṣūrah these nouns like their close relative ism al manqūṣ also behave differently due to the instability of a final vowel these nouns are marked only for definiteness as morpho phonotactic processes have resulted in the complete loss of the case distinctions when indefinite they take an which rests on an alif maqṣūrah or occasionally alif when definite they are not marked and they simply retain their long alif or alif maqṣūrah an example is hospital which is mustashfan and al mustashfā respectively if a noun is both ism al maqṣūr and diptotic then it is completely invariable for case invariable nouns invariable nouns are usually those foreign names that end in alif or nouns that end in an additional alif or alif maqṣūrah when that alif or alif maqṣūrah is not part of the root also nouns that are both ism al maqṣūr and diptotic fall into this category additionally there are rare invariable nouns which have other endings like any name ending with ayhi like sībawayhi colloquially pronounced for example in egypt sebæˈweː an example of a common invariable noun is fuṣḥá al fuṣḥá meaning the most eloquent arabic another example is dunyā al dunyā world sentence structure edit a noun s case depends on the role that the noun plays in the sentence there are multiple sentence structures in arabic each of which demands different case endings for the roles in the sentence subject does not always correspond to nominative nor does object always correspond to accusative sentences in arabic are divided into two branches of which are the incomplete phrases jumla inshaiya and the complete phrases jumla khabariya jumla inshaiya is composed of the descriptive phrase and possessive phrase while the jumla khabariya is made up of the verbal sentence jumla fi lya khabariya and the nominal sentence jumla ismiya khabariya the incomplete phrase cannot be a sentence in itself and is usually used in the complete phrases verbal sentences edit in a verbal sentence ٱلْجُمْلَةُ ٱلْفِعْلِيَّةُ al jumlah al fi līyah there is verb subject object word order this is the preferred word order of classical arabic in a verbal sentence the subject takes nominative case and the object takes accusative case such a sentence this writer wrote the written would be formed as follows read from right to left verbal sentence grammatical role object subject verb arabic label مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ maf ūl bihi فَاعِلٌ fā il فِعْلٌ fi l case accusative nominative verb example ٱلْمَكْتُوبَ l maktūba the written هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ hādhā al kātibu this writer كَتَبَ kataba wrote nominal sentences edit in a nominal sentence ٱلْجُمْلَةُ ٱلْاِسْمِيَّةُ al jumlah al ismīyah there is subject verb object word order equations no copula verb edit if the verb would be is that is the predicate merely attributes something to the subject see predicative adjectival or nominal then there is no verb used both the subject and the predicate take nominative case when there is no overt verb such a sentence this writer is famous is formed as follows read from right to left nominal sentence without verb grammatical role object no verb subject arabic label خَبَر khabar no verb مُبْتَدَأٌ mubtada case nominative no verb nominative example مَشْهُورٌ mashhūrun famous no verb هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ hādhā al kātibu this writer overt verb edit if there is an overt verb the subject takes nominative and the predicate takes accusative such a sentence this writer wrote the book is formed as follows read from right to left nominal sentence with verb grammatical role object verb subject arabic label خَبَرٌ khabar فِعْلٌ fi l مُبْتَدَأٌ mubtada case accusative verb nominative example ٱلْكِتَابَ al kitāba the book كَتَبَ kataba wrote هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ hādhā al kātibu this writer sisters of inna edit there is a class of words in arabic called the sisters of inna أَخَوَاتُ إِنَّ akhawāt inna that share characteristics of إِنَّ among them are إِنَّ inna particle for emphasis close to it is the case that أَنَّ anna that لٰكِنَّ lākinna but لِأَنَّ li anna because كَأَنَّ ka anna as if as though if one of the sisters of إِنَّ begins a clause then the subject takes accusative case instead of nominative such a sentence using the particle إِنَّ verily this writer wrote the book would be formed as follows read from right to left nominal sentence with verb with إنّ grammatical role object verb subject sister of inna arabic label خَبَرٌ khabar فِعْلٌ fi l مُبْتَدَأٌ mubtada أُخْتُ إِنَّ ukht inna case accusative verb accusative sister of inna example ٱلْكِتَابَ al kitāba the book كَتَبَ kataba wrote هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبَ hādhā al kātiba this writer إِنَّ inna verily although there was an overt verb in the above example a nominal sentence without an overt verb will also have its subject take accusative case because of the introduction of one of inna s sisters the predicate of an equation is unaffected and will remain in the nominative consider the following example verily this writer is famous nominal sentence without verb with إِنَّ grammatical role object no verb subject sister of ʼinna arabic label خَبَرٌ khabar فِعْلٌ fi l مُبْتَدَأٌ mubtada أُخْتُ إِنَّ ukht inna case nominative no verb accusative sister of inna example مَشْهُورٌ mashhūrun famous no verb هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبَ hādhā al kātiba this writer إِنَّ inna verily with sisters of kāna edit the verb kāna كَانَ and its sisters أَخَوَاتُ كَانَ akhawāt kāna form a class of 13 verbs that mark the time duration of actions states and events sentences that use these verbs are considered to be a type of nominal sentence according to arabic grammar not a type of verbal sentence although the word order may seem to be verb subject object when there is no other verb in the sentence it is possible to have a sentence in which the order is subject verb object such a non equation sentence clearly shows subject verb object word order among the sisters of kāna are كَانَ kāna was لَيْسَ laysa not مَا زَالَ mā zāla still literally has not ceased to be أَصْبَحَ aṣbaḥa reached a state became ظَلَّ ẓalla remained if one of the sisters of كَانَ begins a clause then the subject takes nominative case and the object takes accusative case because of this arabic contrasts the man nom is a doctor nom in the present tense with the man nom was a doctor acc in the past tense such a sentence using the verb كَانَ this writer was famous would be formed as follows read from right to left nominal sentence with كان grammatical role object subject sister of kāna arabic label خَبَرٌ khabar ٱسْمٌ ism أُخْتُ كَانَ ukht kāna case accusative nominative sister of kāna example مَشْهُورًا mashhūran famous هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ hādhā al kātibu this writer كَانَ kāna was in a sentence with an explicit verb the sister of kāna marks aspect for the actual verb a sentence like كَانَ ٱلْكَاتِبُ يَكْتُبُ ٱلْكِتَابَ was the writer he writes the book the writer was writing the book for instance has both a main verb يَكْتُبُ and a sister of kāna that indicates the non completed aspect of the main verb verbs edit the imperfective tense of the verb also has suffixed vowels which determine the mood of the verb there are six moods in the classical arabic thus yaktubu indicative مَرْفُوعٌ marfū means he writes and sayaktubu means he will write yaktuba subjunctive مَنْصُوبٌ manṣūb is used in phrases such as so that he should write yaktub jussive مَجْزُومٌ majzūm literally meaning clipped off means let him write this can become yaktubi when required for euphony e g when followed by two consonants uktub imperative means write yaktuban short energetic its meaning is dependent upon the prefix that is attached to it but it often means he should write yaktubanna long energetic its meaning is dependent upon the prefix that is attached to it but it often means he must write all the first three forms are spelled يكتب in unvocalised arabic and the final vowel is not pronounced in pausa and in informal arabic leaving just one pronunciation yaktub traditional arab grammarians equated the indicative with the nominative of nouns the subjunctive with the accusative and the jussive with the genitive as indicated by their names the only pair that is not borne out in the name is the jussive genitive pair probably because the i vowel is usually dropped it is not known whether there is a genuine historical connection or whether the resemblance is mere coincidence caused by the fact that these are the only three short vowels available see also edit arabic grammar inflection tashkīl arabic diacritics mater lectionis mimation references edit hasan 1987 i 545 brustad kristen al batal mahmoud al tonsi abbas 1997 a textbook for arabic part two washington dc georgetown university press isbn 0 87840 350 7 haywood john alfred nahmad hayim musa 1965 a new arabic grammar of the written language 2nd ed london lund humphries isbn 0 85331 585 x jalajel david solomon 2011 expressing i rab the presentation of arabic grammatical analysis bellville university of the western cape isbn 978 1 86808 716 7 levin aryeh 1995 the fundamental principles of the arab grammarians theory of amal jerusalem studies in arabic and islam 19 214 232 mace john 2002 arabic grammar a reference guide edinburgh edinburgh university press isbn 0 7486 1079 0 ryding karin c 2011 a reference grammar of modern standard arabic cambridge cambridge university press isbn 9780521771511 external links edit classical arabic blog irab and syntactic analysis and grammatical checking link removed v t e arabic language overviews language alphabet history romanization numerals influence on other languages scripts nabataean script arabic script ancient north arabian ancient south arabian script arabic numerals eastern numerals arabic braille algerian braille maltese braille diacritics ijam tashkil harakat nunation tanwin shaddah hamza dagger alif maltese alphabet letters alif ba ta tha gim ḥa kha dal dhal ra zay sin shin ṣad ḍad ṭa ẓa ayn ghayn fa qaf kaf lam mim nun ha waw ya varieties pre islamic proto arabic nabataean arabic old arabic old hijazi arabic pre classical arabic literary classical modern standard modern spoken maghrebi pre hilalian andalusi sicilian maltese australian cottenera gozitan qormi żejtun żurrieqi urban ceuta tunis north eastern tunisian fessi village eastern sahili sahel sfaxian jijel lesser kabylia western traras msirda jebli mountain judeo maghrebi judeo moroccan judeo tripolitanian judeo tunisian hilalian central hilal algerian judeo algerian algerian saharan eastern algerian eastern hilal tunisian maqil hassaniya nemadi moroccan eastern western western algerian sulaym libyan western egyptian bedawi nile valley egyptian saʽidi sudanese levantine north cilician lebanese syrian aleppine damascene south jordanian palestinian mesopotamian gilit baghdadi khuzestani shawi south north qeltu anatolian cypriot judeo iraqi baghdadi peninsular bahrani bareqi bedawi dhofari gulf bahraini emirati kuwaiti khamseh qatari hejazi k group yafiʽi najdi omani shihhi yemeni hadhrami indonesian sanʽani taʽizzi adeni tihami judeo yemeni others central asian bactrian bukhara kashkadarya khorasani shirvani chadian nigerian sociological bedouin arabic judeo arabic judeo algerian judeo egyptian judeo iraqi baghdadi judeo moroccan kjal wqal judeo palestinian judeo syrian judeo tripolitanian judeo tunisian tunisene judeo yemeni adeni beda habban sanʽani creoles and pidgins bimbashi bongor gulf pidgin jordanian bengali pidgin juba maridi nubi pidgin madam turku academic literature names linguistics standard arabic phonology sun and moon letters tajwid imala irab case grammar triliteral root mater lectionis ipa quranic arabic corpus calligraphy script ajami script diwani hijazi script jawi script jeli thuluth kairouani kufic maghrebi mashq muhaqqaq naskh script nastaliq rasm ruqʽa script shahmukhi sini script taliq script tawqi thuluth technical arabic keyboard arabic script in unicode iso iec 8859 6 windows 1256 ms dos codepages 708 709 710 711 720 864 macarabic encoding other islam and arabic language italics indicate extinct languages languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left category v t e grammatical cases list of cases declension morphosyntactic alignment cases morphosyntactic alignment absolutive accusative direct ergative intransitive nominative oblique partitive pegative location time direction ablative adessive allative antessive apudessive approximative delative distributive temporal egressive elative illative inelative inessive intrative lative limitative locative qualitative medial perlative pertingent postelative postessive prolative subessive sublative superessive superlative temporal terminative possession companion instrument abessive caritive comitative dative genitive instrumental comitative ornative possessed possessive privative sociative state manner adverbial comparative equative essive formal modal exessive instructive modal multiplicative orientative semblative translative cause purpose aversive benefactive causal final final other postpositional prepositional vocative declensions classical arabic czech archaic dutch english middle english old english finnish georgian german old high german gothic hindi hungarian irish latin latvian lithuanian russian serbo croatian slovak retrieved from ht...