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description=Northampton s LGBTQ History_ a work-in-progress by Kaymarion Raymond;

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as been discovered so far in massachusetts historians have suggested from records for all the eastern colonies that sodomy was disproportionately punished by death such executions most often occurred during early colonization within communities struggling to survive we do not know what form the execution took beyond it was a hanging here is an artist s later interpretation of a hanging that took place that same year 1656 in boston on the commons of ann hibbins for witchcraft https en wikipedia org wiki ann_hibbins media file executionannhibbins1 jpg northampton had been established for barely twenty years and consisted of eighty households at the time of the hanging it had also recently suffered both internal dissension and external threats in the past year the settlement had undergone witchcraft and sumptuary law trials the conflict between displaced indigenous people and settlers had been raging throughout new england just four months previous to the hanging the plantation had been attacked by five hundred native americans who had broken through the recently erected palisade killing five settlers and burning ten buildings the attack on northampton was one of the last of the southern campaign of king phillip s war and the reason militia from outside the area had been garrisoned in the settlement although the judgement was reached by a councll of warre it is very likely that northampton militia officers other settlement officials and its minister rev stoddard were part of the council it is quite possible that stoddard may have read a sermon published and widely circulated two years before on the sins of sodom attributed to boston s rev danforth it urged the death penalty for sodomy and bestiality as a way to set an example for youth and avoid god s vengeance on the community was the extreme measure a way for a settlement feeling under siege to placate a deity the very lack of facts about the hanging suggests active censorship was this because the capital crime committed was filth not fit to be known in a public way so as to prevent further spread of the idea as a pathogen we are left to wonder if rev bradstreet simply didn t know any more about this case or if he was one of those ministers who literally applied the injunction that it was wickedness not to be named if any early court records for northampton exist they still remain to be examined for similar obscuring language although jonathan edwards scholars have made a start search needs to be done for the entire colonial period for any local examples of lesser offenses known to have prosecuted in the massachusetts bay colony that covered same sex eroticism or gender crossing such as unchaste or lewd behavior unseemly practices uncleane carriage one with another uncivell living together licentiousness lascivious speech disorderly living and improper dress sources __katz jonathan gay american history lesbians and gay men in the u s a a documentary history meridian 1992 __katz jonathan gay lesbian almanac a new documentary harper row 1983 reprint ny carroll graf 1994 __ boston history project improper bostonians lesbian and gay history from the puritans to playland beacon press boston 1998 __ haskins g l law and authority in early massachusetts a study in tradition and design macdonald co 1960 __trumbull james russell history of northampton massachusetts from its settlement in 1654 press of gazette printing co northampton mass volume i 1898 volume ii 1902 available online volume one https babel hathitrust org cgi pt id pst 000004746782 view 1up seq 11 volume two https books google com books about history_of_northampton_massachusetts html id prkwaaaayaaj further reading __new perspective our beloved kin remapping a new history of the king philip s war by lisa brooks an interactive website https ourbelovedkin com awikhigan index __ mclain guy a pioneer valley a pictorial history virginia beach va donning co 1991 by the director of wood museum of springfield history it has an excellent essay on the largely exploitive economic relationship of the european settlers and the local indigenous people readily available in local libraries share this share on x opens in new window x share on facebook opens in new window facebook print opens in new window print email a link to a friend opens in new window email like loading toni brown of n hamp s lesbian writers group march 26 2026 kaymarion raymond leave a comment dreadlocks remembering an important lesbian poet tonibrown share this share on x opens in new window x share on facebook opens in new window facebook print opens in new window print email a link to a friend opens in new window email like loading toni brown valley alumn march 8 2024 kaymarion raymond leave a comment dreadlocks remembering an important lesbian poet tonibrown share this share on x opens in new window x share on facebook opens in new window facebook print opens in new window print email a link to a friend opens in new window email like loading ending the campaign of terror july 31 2020 kaymarion raymond 2 comments unless you count the teenage boys calling names or speeding through on their bikes with signs bearing slurs whoever was making threats of violence in northampton under the name of shun stop homosexual unity now did not have the courage to make themselves known at the second march for gay and lesbian rights in northampton ma on may 14 1983 but the campaign of harassment continued with more phone calls that very afternoon in the month following the march harassment chronology lesbian and gay task force newsletter northampton ma june 1983 courtesy of bambi gauthier over the next few weeks eggs were sporadically thrown by unknown persons at womonfyre bookstore at 22 center street the most publically visible sponsor of lesbian events kim christensen the march s spokesperson who had made her phone number public in order to answer city official and press queries received not only phone calls but 4 30 a m visits from males who stood shouting outside her home affidavit from kim christensen harassment experienced by her jun jul 1983 one lesbian began receiving as many as thirty phone calls a day when this woman went to city police on duty officers refused to take her complaint or listen to the message machine tape and misinformed her about what could be done only after contacting the northampton lesbian gay task force was she able to make her complaint to the police with the support of task force members it was reported in the valley women s voice that while northampton police chief labato appeared sympathetic he referred to her and accompanying task force members as you gays and lezzies harassment reports ignored valley women s voice northampton ma sep 1983 the task force strongly disagreed with mayor musante s decision to disband the group because he thought that their work was done the group continued to work to stop the violence after being disbanded by the mayor while the mayor his assistant and the northampton police representative withdrew the three lesbians and three gay men and the assistant da dave angier continued to meet in response to the ongoing threats angier got the da s office to assign state police trooper john gibbons to join him in working with the group the task force encouraged the communities to report any incidents to the da police and task force while the lesbian and gay task force members names were kept confidential under pressure when one man allowed his name to be public he also became a target threats to beat faggots began other people in the community were working on a city anti discrimination ordinance in july after four months work n can the northampton citizens action network circulated a draft ordinance and asked for help to get it passed in the coming year that same month the task of educating the people of northampton was aided by a series of articles on the community written by maureen fitzgerald for the daily hampshire gazette at the same time boston s channel 4 aired a two part special on the harassment in northampton outreach committee antidiscrimination ordinance coalition letter pvpga gayzette july 1983 courtesy of bambi gauthier all of this publicity seemed to spur the numerous anonymous males whose telephoned threats were being taped into overdrive as harassment increased lesbians working with the da s office finally agreed to help set up a phone trap the co owners of womonfyre books and kim christensen worked with ada angier and the city police to put it in place lesbian events were deliberately advertised with a home phone number one of the women stayed home after the advertisement appeared to monitor the phone calls and tape them with a machine furnished by the da s office as threatening calls came in the time was to be noted so that the phone company could then trace specific calls to the phone from which they were made two of the three women who were key to trapping one of the harassers kiriyo and kim bookstore co owner jil krolik isn t pictured northampton s gays fight back boston globe boston ma may 22 1983 interestingly kim christensen recalls as soon as the trap was to go into effect the calls temporarily stopped sometimes it was uncanny e g we d be planning to turn on the phone trap at 9 00 am and i d get a call at 8 00 8 15 8 30 and 8 57 and then they would stop for weeks the procedure was repeated with the same results kim adds finally the ada decided to put on the trap without notifying the police department beforehand and boom a member of shun was trapped on the very first attempt it was extremely suspicious on saturday july 30 while the phone trap was in place thirty five calls were made by boys and three by an adult male who identified himself as belonging to shun suspicious events didn t end there according to kim but continued with difficulties with the local phone company while the originating phone number could have been identified immediately the northampton office refused to give it to the authorities involved five days later investigators from the da s office armed with a search warrant raided the northampton phone company business office looking for the number without success eventually it had to be obtained from the phone company s boston headquarters armed with this information on aug 5 state police went to the northampton address identified they questioned a 23 year old local male living there one of his relatives was a former northampton policeman after initially denying the charges the suspect confessed on tape to the state police that he had made the three july 30 phone calls and he was arrested the next day he was formally charged with repeatedly telephoning jil krolik for the purpose of harassing and annoying her and for threatening bodily harm to kim christensen and kiriyo spooner additionally district attorney ryan charged that the threatened reprisals were violations of the women s civil rights the rights of free speech and assembly free association and privacy when the accused agreed to submit to a sufficiency of evidence that indicated his guilt a sentencing hearing before a judge was set for aug 24 a maximum penalty of two and a half years in jail was possible though no other males were arrested calls from shun ceased if you really want to know his name you can look it up he is still living in the area and i will not credit him although ordered to stay away from the complainants the guilty male confronted one woman on the street before the next scheduled court appearance and shouted names at her at the aug 24 sentencing hearing in hampshire superior court sherman boyson later reported in the pvpga gayzette the defendant s friends hissed at the testifying lesbians and called them scum the tape from july 30 was played it included this threat we promise systematic violence beware when you walk home beware when you walk the streets and where you live at night boyson called it quite chilling the prosecutors then moved to play the taped confession made by the accused before that could be done however the accused s lawyer stopped the proceedings changed his client s plea to not guilty and asked for a trial boysen later surmised that the seriousness of the evidence already presented was clearly pointing toward jail time which the defendant s lawyer wished to avoid for his client both the prosecutors and the state police believed that the accused had made many more threats then the three he had admitted to in preparation for a jury trial the pvga gayzette reported the district attorney s office made plans to send some of the fifty m essage tapes accumulated to the fbi for voice analysis in order to determine what additional charges would be made the three complainants continued to aid in preparing the case for trial one of the woman was alarmed however to be asked by the state trooper and later an fbi agent for information totally unrelated to the case she was asked to try to identify people in a photos she later learned were suspected members of the weather underground kim christensen remembers that the telephone message tapes that would hopefully be analyzed by the fbi were sitting in the room at the time of this interview and it was made very clear to her by the agent that cooperation was a two way street fbi questions northampton lesbians agent probes progressive politics gay community news boston ma sep 24 1983 courtesy of bambi gauthier the fbi agent went on to ask about the size and composition of the northampton lesbian and gay community its support for sandinistas belief in blowing up buildings and any coalitions with leftist groups all three of the women interviewed by the fbi felt pressured to cooperate in this fishing expedition kim immediately recognized what was occurring and refused to cooperate the women sent word out to the community of the fbi s intrusive presence no voice analysis was ever done by the fbi to help the court case and the proffered message tapes disappeared if copies had not been made and kept by the women complainants there would have been no recorded evidence to present at a trial before a jury could be convened the confessed harasser changed his mind once again and agreed to submit to facts rather than face a trial a sentencing hearing was once more scheduled but before it could take place his attorney got a continuance so his client could undergo psychiatric testing and counseling finally on oct 11 1983 the hearing resumed before judge alvertas morse in hampshire superior court the defendant s attorney argued that counseling and community service was appropriate punishment that his client had been raised in a staunchly roman catholic family which believed homosexuality was immoral which may have contributed to his feelings against the gay community judge morse however found the defendant guilty on all charges and sentenced him to one year in prison three months of which were to be served and the rest suspended while he was on probation for f...