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ood at 5 412 with an average retraction rate of 1 80 per 1000 publications of these the maximum or 2650 48 were classified as serious such as plagiarism and data manipulation 32 1757 with issues around integrity like fake peer review or misconduct by the author and 12 652 involved flawed research unreliable data or errors that could also be honest since 2019 the number of retractions from india have increased significantly with a spike recorded in the last four years in 2022 the number of retractions were the maximum at 1212 followed by 2023 866 and 2024 860 in the last seven months of this year there have been 571 retractions the decision to penalise universities with too many restrictions is a much needed move said achal agrawal founder irw adding that the irw has been calling for this action for more than a year retractions are a symptom of a bigger malaise in the whole research ecosystem if you want to look at the root cause we should be looking at the metrics that we use to reward universities and to scientists as well said agrawal university rankings are based on various parameters publishing research is one of them but what s incentivised is quantity rather than quality retractions are a consequence of that stating that irw has been calling for some penalty since there has been a spike in retractions in india agrawal added when retractions are taken into account in the ranking process it will definitely make universities act since it will directly hit them but how it is implemented will matter a lot for effective execution of the decision agrawal said it s also essential to use a comprehensive database such as retraction watch or scopus not all retractions are due to misconduct there could also be some honest errors universities that are penalised should know what has got them into trouble said agrawal adding that retraction watch is a good database to refer to since it also mentions reasons for the same currently nba conducts the nirf rankings for indian higher education institutions in 16 categories a new category sustainability will be added wherein institutions will be assessed on sustainable development goals 2030 nirf evaluates institutions based on six key parameters with different weightages teaching learning resources tlr carries a weightage of 30 as does research and professional practice rp graduation outcomes go account for 20 of the total score outreach and inclusivity oi is assigned 10 while perception pr also contributes 10 these weightages may vary slightly depending on the category of the institution the research and professional practice rp parameter in nirf includes publications citation quality patents and ipr as well as sponsored research and consultancy projects nba chief sahasrabudhe said journals withdrawing the papers after complaints of unethical practices and cheating are called as retraction of the paper even if a research paper was published and counted towards an institute s ranking in previous years a retraction discovered later will still attract a penalty in the current year this is to send a strong message against unethical practices institutions must correct their approach while penalties may continue for a year or two consistent ethical conduct will eventually result in barring them from nirf rankings he said explaining the process of negative marking for retracted papers he said that institutions having retracted papers will lose marks for citations under rp parameter and their nirf rank will fall we will use the data for retracted papers from journals itself instead of third party sources the retraction watch in the coming years we will name those institutions and bar from nirf rankings for three to five years we want to send a message to institutions that this is not only the name of your institute getting spoiled but the name of the country is also getting spoiled due to retracted papers he added the ninth edition of nirf rankings will be released very soon he said source publish or perish culture fuelling research misconduct in india reporter non koresponden reporter jkt by kiran sharma bml munjal university august 10 2025 in july 2021 the bengaluru based national centre for biological sciences withdrew a paper published in nature chemical biology a premier journal after discovering instances of data manipulation the study which announced a breakthrough in chemical biology was withdrawn after being found to have manipulated images in september 2024 the journal drug safety retracted a study conducted by researchers from banaras hindu university on the long term safety of covaxin india s indigenous covid 19 vaccine the withdrawal was due to concerns that the reported adverse events could lead to ambiguous or incorrect interpretations regarding the vaccine s safety in close to two decades now faculty members from the premier indian institutes of technology iits have retracted a staggering 58 papers primarily due to plagiarism and duplication as india strives towards viksit bharat 2047 the goal of becoming a developed nation strengthening research integrity research funding and innovation ecosystems will be crucial however rising cases of research misconduct including plagiarism data fraud and fake peer review pose a serious threat to this vision research misconduct refers to unethical practices in conducting reporting or reviewing research such misconduct often leads to retractions according to retraction watch a global database common reasons for retraction include fraud and misconduct ethical violations errors and mistakes publication issues and legal and policy violations such unethical practices not only damage the credibility of indian institutions but also erode trust in research affecting international collaborations and funding opportunities addressing these challenges requires urgent reforms in research evaluation stronger institutional oversight and a shift towards quality driven academic assessments growth of research and rising retractions india s research output has increased rapidly over the past decade with hundreds and thousands of papers published annually in reputed journals the national science foundation 2022 report ranks india as the third largest producer of science and engineering articles after china and the united states according to the scientific abstract and citation database scopus india has produced 3 67 million papers since 1867 of these 3 446 0 09 percent are retracted while the growth of research is promising the rising number of retractions is concerning a study by this author shows primary causes of retractions are plagiarism data fraud and fake peer review retractions due to these increased by 6 3 percent from 1991 2000 to 2001 2010 the upward trend has continued retractions rose by 32 percent from 2001 2010 to 2011 2020 quantity over quality when a scientist s survival is determined by impact factors ethics becomes the privilege of a few who can afford to be ethical said a scientist at university of pune who was quoted in an article on research misconduct in india impact factor refers to the average number of citations to recent articles published in a journal indicating the journal s influence in an academic field publishing in high impact factor journals translates into appointments promotions institution rankings and research grants and here lies the root of the problem evaluating scientific success by over relying on impact factors publication counts and rankings among organisations this creates immense pressure pushing researchers toward unethical practices there are comprehensive guidelines of the committee on publication ethics a non profit organisation that provides guidance to editors and publishers on all aspects of publication ethics especially research and publication misconduct and mandatory research ethics courses for students before they start phd programmes but whether the practices outlined by these efforts are genuinely practiced and embraced or treated merely as formalities remains a subject of debate one of the primary reasons for the rising pressure on academics is the publish or perish culture where academic promotions and funding are heavily tied to publication volume rather than research quality this intense pressure pushes some researchers toward unethical shortcuts including plagiarism fake peer review and data fabrication this author s study revealed that fake peer review is the leading cause of retractions in india accounting for 33 percent of total cases followed by data fraud 17 2 percent and plagiarism 14 8 percent among higher education institutions universities private institutions contributed to 60 percent of retractions while public institutions accounted for 33 7 percent and medical institutions made up 6 7 percent enforcing research integrity without urgent and necessary changes in research evaluation and academic incentives addressing research misconduct will remain a significant challenge the presence of legally enforceable misconduct policies and a strong academic culture where research undergoes rigorous scrutiny from peers mentors and society can serve as deterrents for such misconduct countries that offer cash rewards for publications may appear to encourage researchers but ironically face a higher risk of misconduct this suggests that such incentives might encourage negligence or unethical practices within the research community addressing research misconduct thus requires a multifaceted approach that respects the autonomy of researchers while establishing clear boundaries against unethical practices in india given the diverse research ecosystems and financial structures across indian institutions implementing a uniform national solution is challenging the university grants commission ugc recently discontinued the ugc care consortium for academic and research ethics system of listing quality journals the idea is to move towards a decentralised approach empowering individual institutions to set their own criteria for journal selection fostering academic freedom and encouraging more rigorous and context specific evaluations the reasons cited for the discontinuation include a number of poor quality journals and pay and publish or predatory journals which had found their way into the list while several indian language journals were left out the new system allows for a broader range of journals based on certain parameters for the faculty to publish in indian institutions need to develop and enforce comprehensive research integrity policies including mandatory training in research ethics establishing dedicated committees to oversee research conduct can also ensure adherence to ethical standards promoting open peer review processes and encouraging researchers to share data and methodologies can enhance transparency and accountability in research such practices deter misconduct by subjecting research to broader scrutiny originally published under creative commons by 360info source india s research retraction surge sparks call for reform nature india news feature 05 august 2025 as the country ranks third globally in life science retractions a new national policy will penalize universities with frequent withdrawals subhra priyadarshini in the expansion of india s scientific footprint lies an uncomfortable truth the country now ranks third globally for life science research papers retracted from the record according to a comprehensive study 1 analysing more than 13 500 retractions over 40 years india ranks just after china and the united states for the largest number of papers withdrawn for reasons ranging from ethical lapses to flawed data for the first time india s national institutional ranking framework nirf has announced that it will penalize universities with high retraction numbers the move is aimed at curbing academic misconduct by punishing unethical research practices this policy shift was triggered by mounting evidence about india s journal article retraction rates the life science research retraction study led by sabuj bhattacharyya along with nilanjan chatterjee and arvind ramanathan provides crucial context the perception is that retractions mostly result from fraud said bhattacharyya a research integrity officer at the institute for stem cell science and regenerative medicine instem but our data show a much more complex picture reproducibility failures missing ethical clearances peer review fraud and institutional gaps in oversight india s position reflects both the country s growing research output and its struggles with integrity infrastructure volume of retracted life sciences papers by country between 1976 and january 2023 credit bhattacharyya s et al a crisis of compliance while headlines often focus on scientific misconduct 2 fabricated data image manipulation or plagiarism bhattacharyya and colleagues study revealed that nearly a quarter of india linked retractions stemmed from ethical or regulatory non compliance in life sciences he said ethical approvals are non negotiable but in many indian institutions ethics committees exist only on paper or vary drastically in quality that variability is something arvind ramanathan a study co author at instem encounters regularly even where there are clear national guidelines there s a lack of awareness and consistency he said retraction he emphasized is not always evidence of fraud it may indicate deeper cracks in training oversight and the culture of responsibility bhattacharyya adds that while india has formal ethics review mechanisms covering human animal stem cell gmos and biosafety research implementation varies widely some institutions run well trained functioning ethics committees he said but others have token setups with minimal training or oversight the result is uneven compliance especially across different states and between private and public universities the nirf will now count retractions from scopus and web of science over a three year window institutions with persistent integrity issues may even be barred from future rankings according to anil sahasrabudhe who chairs the national board of accreditation institutions with higher retraction counts will face steeper penalties he noted the network effect one of the study s striking visualizations mapped dense author networks linked by multiple retracted papers collaboration is essential in modern science said co author nilanjan chatterjee at the seckenberg biodiversity and climate research centre in frankfurt but we found that small tight knit teams often involving repeat collaborations accounted for many retractions network of authors with more than five retracted articles each dot represents an author grey lines indicate co authorship links credit bhattacharyya s et al these closed loops of co authorship raise accountability questions when quality control is uneven across collaborators one person s sloppiness can affect the credibility of an entire group chatterjee noted sh...