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Text of the page (random words):
ut the uk government s ambition and strategy for the cultural sectors it included a vision of users enjoying a seamless experience online with the ability to access particular collections in depth as well as search across all collections department for digital culture media sport 2016 in 2026 users have many options for accessing uk cultural heritage collections online but the experience is far from seamless infrastructure for digital cultural heritage is a patchwork of open access images on non profit platforms paywalls and commercial databases research datasets and various forms of free to view collections some collections can be accessed in depth others only as metadata or catalogue records while others have no online presence gosling et al 2022 searching across all collections is impossible focusing on access to uk museum and library collections this paper discusses two significant components of the uk s digital cultural heritage access for researchers the first is an aggregator of museum collections data while the second is a brief description of the many options for accessing digitised items from the british library it closes with a call to support the long term preservation and sustainability of cultural heritage collections online aggregating museum collection data introducing the museum data service the museum sector in the uk as in many regions is highly diverse large national institutions can publish collection records with images rich metadata and more via specialist websites and apis while tiny local or specialist museums might not be able to easily access their own collections records while some of the estimated 80 million catalogue records held in c 1700 accredited museums are available online they were difficult to find and lacked persistent identifiers gosling et al 2022 finding museum records required using hundreds of websites with dozens of different interfaces and collating museum collections for research at scale was almost impossible to address this challenge the museum data service mds was launched in september 2024 to connect and share all the object records across all uk museums large and small the mds offers uk museums and institutions with museum like collections the ability to share their object records with other museums researchers and the public on their own terms the mds platform responds to the sector s difficulties using earlier aggregation platforms such as culture grid and europeana particularly the difficulties museums had in exporting collections data and formatting it for aggregation sharing records with europeana requires organisations to prepare their data by mapping their records to the europeana data model europeana pro n d in contrast the mds works with each contributing museum s own levels of technical capacity it acknowledges the reality of the inconsistent approaches to data standards across the sector and accepts data in any format the mds team maps incoming fields to align them with the spectrum units of information names without reformatting or standardising the data museums can choose an appropriate creative commons licence for their dataset reflecting their own access policies and attitude to risk management this is also designed to encourage wider uptake by museums the real benefit of the mds for digital humanities researchers is the meaningful connections it enables between museum collections and researchers parry et al 2025 the mds lets anyone search for types of collections or specific types of objects within hundreds of museum collections a user friendly search interface enables detailed searches and sets of search results can be exported to support ongoing research by individuals a specialist api supports the creation of bespoke datasets to support data analysis and modelling in heritage studies for example to study questions of bias in cataloguing the fact that mds does not ask collections to use a standard schema reduces the barriers to participation for museums this also means that researchers can have access to the unique raw records that make up museum data rather than a cleaned version rawson and muñoz 2016 the mds does not make assumptions about the types of data that researchers might want and it does not attempt to meet every need in the heritage sector rather it aims to be an intrinsic part of a wider ecosystem for museum and heritage information including participation in academic research projects bailey ross et al 2024 bailey et al 2024 however the mds acknowledges that some researchers would prefer a slightly more standardised version of the data and is exploring options for this we hope to inspire future research using the museum data available on the platform and to understand how the mds might be developed to support emerging computational methods and digital humanities research questions the paradox of access enabled by commercial digitisation while many nations have funded the digitisation of their national collections organisations in the uk have been required by successive governments to seek public private partnerships to digitise their collections under these deals commercial companies who pay for collections digitisation can charge for access to those collections for a certain number of years while research or direct government funding has paid for a certain amount of digitisation in the past it is dwarfed by commercial funding as a blog post by a british library curator puts it it has long been the goal of the british library to make some of its digitised newspapers freely available online but we also want to see the bna british newspaper archive succeed as it has been doing without which we could not have reached such a huge collection overall of digitised newspapers nor the rate at which they are being produced currently around half a million pages are being added to the bna every month mckernan 2021 while most material digitised by commercial companies is eventually made more freely available paywalls are one important factor in the fragmentation of access to collections this was extensively documented in a digital collections audit commissioned for the ahrc funded research programme towards a national collection tanc gosling et al 2022 the variety of sources of access to digitised collections from the british library as in september 2023 helps illustrate this point the british library s websites and catalogues hosted hundreds of thousands digitised books manuscripts 3d objects and sound files open access images and metadata were also available on flickr commons europeana and wikimedia commons newspapers were available on the british newspaper archive other commercial databases held selected other items while other items were available via union catalogues the library s research repository had more open access items from digitised images to datasets created via research projects like living with machines a large backlog of items was being processed for publication online altogether this made answering an apparently simple enquiry about the availability of a particular item or collection online surprisingly complex however this patchwork of platforms had one positive effect while library users lost access to online catalogues digitised and born digital collections and the many services hosted by the british library in a ransomware attack in october 2023 collections hosted on commercial and non profit third party platforms including the research repository continued to be available the saying lots of copies keep stuff safe has never been more pertinent at the time of writing the uk government is again investing in digital infrastructure including the tanc project and its successor n rich n rich has commissioned a range of activities to examine the scope costs risks impacts and benefits of a future digital research infrastructure for cultural heritage in the uk towards a national collection 2025 digital records are fragile the need to fund long term access enabling access to collections online is one thing sustaining that access in the longer term is another the ransomware attack that took out most of the british library s services was just the most dramatic incident that reduced online access to collections websites and platforms gradually disappearing when funding ends has eroded earlier digitisation efforts dunning 2009 for example the results of the first big digitisation effort in the uk the new opportunities fund c 2000 2004 have long since been lost culture grid the uk s aggregator for europeana itself built on an earlier no longer supported project the peoples network discover service failed to find a sustainable financial model in the 2010s gosling 2019 poole 2015 more recently collections sites have struggled to stay online through surges of bots scraping their sites to feed ai models for example the british library s research repository was being scraped so heavily that it effectively experienced a denial of service attack until the team were able to put preventative measures in place resourcing digital preservation and sustainability is not easy in order to make the mds a relatively lean operation an early decision was made to exclude images and other media from the data aggregated in addition to reducing financial costs this reduces the environmental overhead of the service however not only does this add additional retrieval steps for researchers wanting to access images it also means that the mds cannot act as a backup of last resort for museums who lose access to their image assets looking back over the long history of digitisation in museums libraries and archives in the uk it is clear that new economic models are needed to ensure the long term availability of digital cultural heritage collections coming up with these models will require creativity and persuasive powers worthy of the collections they would protect references bailey rebecca javier pereda chris michaels and tom callahan 2024 unlocking the potential of digital collections a call to action arts and humanities research council https doi org 10 5281 zenodo 13838916 bailey ross claire emily burgess and panagiotis papageorgiou 2024 user research uk gallery library archive and museum glam digital collections infrastructure towards a national collection https doi org 10 5281 zenodo 12751226 british library 2024 learning lessons from the cyber attack british library cyber incident review british library https www bl uk home british library cyber incident review 8 march 2024 pdf department for digital culture media sport 2016 the culture white paper department for digital culture media sport https www gov uk government publications culture white paper dunning alastair 2009 digitising the past next steps for public sector digitisation digital information order or anarchy http eprints rclis org handle 10760 18048 europeana pro n d europeana data model accessed 7 may 2026 https pro europeana eu page edm documentation gosling kevin 2019 nothing new except what has been forgotten collections trust november 27 https collectionstrust org uk blog nothing new except what has been forgotten gosling kevin gordon mckenna and adrian cooper 2022 digital collections audit towards a national collection collections trust https doi org 10 5281 zenodo 6379581 mckernan luke 2021 free to view online newspapers the newsroom blog august 9 https blogs archive bl uk thenewsroom 2021 08 free to view online newspapers html parry ross stef de sabbata andrew ellis helen hardy and mia ridge 2025 a framework for sustainable and scalable cultural data integration and analysis using the large dataset of the museum data service 2025 11th international symposium on system security safety and reliability isssr april 417 24 https doi org 10 1109 isssr65654 2025 00062 poole nick 2015 guest blog aggregation the culture grid museums computer group may 31 https museumscomputergroup org uk culture grid rawson katie and trevor muñoz 2016 against cleaning curating menus july 6 http www curatingmenus org articles against cleaning spectrum n d collections trust accessed 7 may 2026 https collectionstrust org uk spectrum towards a national collection 2025 n rich prototype july https www nationalcollection org uk n rich prototype posted on october 8 2025 october 8 2025 forthcoming article in the journal of victorian culture i m very excited to share the abstract for a forthcoming article in the journal of victorian culture seeing library collections through new lenses the potential of large scale digital collections digital collections have fundamentally transformed historical research enabling search with extraordinary precision across vast archives while challenges such as including limited digitization transcription errors and infrastructure vulnerabilities remain significant progress has been achieved through national collections open platforms and innovative research projects for example the alan turing institute and british library s living with machines project 2018 23 demonstrated how interdisciplinary collaboration between historians data scientists and library professionals can develop powerful tools for analysing huge collections at scale emerging technologies including machine learning and large language models are making sophisticated computational methods accessible to historians however research still requires careful attention to the documentation of digitization processes selection biases and technical constraints the characteristics of historical records ambiguous incomplete subjective and inconsistent represent both challenges and opportunities for computational methods approaches for presenting historical records must resist oversimplification and retain their contextual richness the future of digital history depends on historians actively engaging with and shaping these technologies through continued collaboration between cultural heritage institutions and researchers the field can ensure that large scale digital collections serve historical scholarship s values while enabling innovative research methodologies posted on november 10 2024 september 19 2025 2024 an overview in january 2024 i presented with kaspar beelen at a virtual research colloquium on digital history at the humboldt universität zu berlin forschungskolloquiums digital history an der humboldt universität zu berlin das interdisziplinär ausgerichtete projekt untersuchte mithilfe von machine learning ansätzen den einfluss der industrielle revolution und insbesondere der technologien auf das menschliche leben anhand verschiedener quellenkorpora wie digitalisierten zeitungen volkszählungen oder karten the video is online i also gave a talk online for the home office s data information week with karen tingay head of data and methods office for statistics regulation i was in australia melbourne ballina brisbane in february march in february 2024 i took part in a panel on the machines looking back at us at the future of arts cu...