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hat intriguingly a bweyeyensis did not neither did a reidii a marmorata and a eucalypti i am not sure where this leaves us leave a comment in search of woorda may 9 2021 filed under edible but untried edible fungi tagged australian edible mushrooms ebile blue staining bolete australia edible australian fungi there is not a lot of information around on the fungi eaten by indigenous people in australia before the arrival of europeans one of the few references on the topic is by james drummond who arrived in the swan river colony in the year it was founded 1829 james drummond interpreted from historical image he was a botanist and a keen observer and recorder of the local flora as well as the diet of the original inhabitants the following is a snippet from a letter he wrote to the perth enquirer in may 1842 i have often wondered if it might be possible to identify the blue staining bolete that he describes as woorda there are many blue staining boletes in western australia and i know of several that people have eaten but none of them fit the description he gives i had long suspected that it might be a gyroporus since members of that genus are eaten elsewhere on the globe and with one exception they appear to all be edible a paper published in 2019 gives us some some useful information about gyroporus in australia it is titled three new species of gyroporus boletales basidiomycota from australia in it is a description of gyroporus occidentalis with an explanation that it is the only rapidly blue staining member of the genus from wa i was fortunate enough to spot one of these on a friend s property this year and it is shown in the following video and photographs it is recorded as growing from sandy soil well that s most of the coastal plain and it s range includes perth i think that there is a some chance that this is woorda but see below for further possibilities gyroporus occidentalis the rapid blueing reaction in real time gyroporus occidentalis in situ view showing cap surface and pores gyroporus occidentalis view showing stipe and pore surface some of the features of this mushroom match the description in the paper closely the cap is described as dry floccose to matted woolly to heavily appressed tomentose yellow white to yellow buff to dirty yellow cyanescent with slightly extended margin this close up of the cap surface seems to match that description i couldn t see that the cap margin was extended though gyroporus occidentalis cap surface the pores are yellow and cyanescent and approximately 0 3mm in diameter with a typically pentagonal outline gyroporus occidentalis pore surface anther interesting aspect of this is the name woorda of course transcriptions of language are subject to errors and interpretations and so forth but the records of daisy bates provide for some interesting reading these are available in digital form here the many words recorded as meaning mushroom are provided on the site as a map shown below it triggers the question of whether the diversity of names matches the diversity of species that were part of the diet map of words for mushroom from digital daisy bates site the term woorda appears in a dictionary of balardong noongar language as meaning fungus it is difficult to know if this is a generic word or refers to the specific fungus that drummond mentions he does seem to infer that it is specific it is notable that at the time he wrote to the enquirer he had been farming at toodjay duidgee which is in balardong country that would imply that the range of the fungus includes balardong country i am not sure if gyroporus occidentalis extends out this far but it will be interesting to find out noongar groups attribute john d croft english wikipedia the situation is complicated by the fact that there are other rather similar looking blue staining boletes within balardong country one of these is documented by doug sawkins in his excellent record of the fungi of foxes lair at narrogin his very large blue staining bolete is similar in some ways to gyroporus occidentalis but it lacks the chambered stem and has red tones where it has been attacked but insects it matches one of daisy bates records of woorda meaning large mushroom it is interesting to note that there is another record of the consumption of blue staining boletes in this case from gippsland in victoria it was made by the silesian naturalist lothar becker who visited australia in two trips in the period 1849 1865 this record is reported in a paper by may and darragh in historical records of australian science 2019 30 130 137 titled the significance of mycological contributions by lother becker a snippet from this is reproduced below note feb 2025 the existence of chatgpt makes the reading and translation of becker s text which can be downloaded in it s original form much simpler here is the translation of this provided by the ai the natives are said to consume a large quantity of mushrooms especially those that do not require cooking and are consumed in their raw state from this group however i have encountered only agaricus bullugur and boletus aboriginum in gippsland the latter turns blue when pressed as is common when its inner part comes into contact with air he then goes on to say the natives of pantelleria lampedusa and linosa are not familiar with the prejudice that exists in most regions of germany where all blue spotted mushrooms are considered poisonous it is however known that in germany especially among the slavic population more or less strongly blue tinged mushrooms are consumed such as b rufus luridus lupinus radicans subtomentosus variegatus and badius boletus luridus is sold at the prague and vienna markets b radicans was once seen at the breslau market and b variegatus and subtomentosus like b badius possess the mentioned characteristic to a lesser degree and sometimes not at all yet still appear in large quantities at the breslau market according to a colonist on whose testimony i place little value a certain mushroom in van diemen s land is considered poisonous once again there is no information to identify this mushroom and there are many boletes that share this blue staining property i am not sure if there are any species that are common to gippsland and western australia we can rule out phlebopus from drummond s comments and in any case they don t always display blue staining from time to time people report eating blue staining mushrooms from various locations in australia but sadly there is scant information regarding the actual identity of them in some cases they have been eaten by people of european origin who have perhaps mistaken them for species from their home region in one case in western australia consumption is recorded in a youtube video and it was on the basis that boletes are generally non toxic this assumption has some statistical support but it remains the case that one of the few cases of fatal mushroom poisoning in australia was from consumption of a bolete his comment about the report of a poisonous mushroom in tasmania is interesting 30 jan 2025 some progress yay today i was going through a list of edible australian fungi published by d mcalpine in 1895 one of the species mentioned by him is boletus alliciens i had never heard of this so i did some investigation and found a description of a specimen that drummond sent to miles berkeley the description was published in the london journal of botany v4 1845 p50 it reads as follows boletus alliciens berk pileo glabro luteo viscoso carne fracta caerulea stipite subtiliter tomentoso deorsum incrassato non reticulato tubulis flavis irregularibus adnexis drumm n 156 on the ground called by the natives woorda pileus 2½ inches across convex fleshy smooth slimy yellow stem 1¾ inch high ½ 1 inch thick minutely tomentose not in the least reticulated pores yellow irregular adnexed so that the cavity of those nearest to the stem is exposed spores pale oblong distinguished at once by its slimy surface and changeable flesh it is much esteemed by the natives as an article of food the epithet alliciens apparently means something like attractive most likely alluding to its use as food this name is still current so we actually have the name and a working description of the mushroom my problem now is trying to match this with something that i have seen in the field and get a picture of it there are images from queensland that purport to be boletus alliciens but they have dark red caps and even red staining in one case and there is no mention of them being sticky the identification seems to have come from a description by watling rather than the original i am trying to track that down it also seems somewhat unlikely that this species would occur in queensland given the description of the occurrence in wa the late roger hilton did a survey of the drummond collection at kew and he makes the following note in nuytsia v4 no3 boletus alliciens berk lond j bot 4 50 1845 decade 4 34 current name as above notes drummond states that this was one of the species eaten by aborigines and went with other species under the name woorda there is neither specimen nor catalogue number at kew the description is inadequate to equate it with any of the many boletes collected since he tentatively questions whether that name might be applied to other edible species but there is no evidence for that from what drummond writes he is quite specific other fungi listed in lexicons have specific descriptions too some contemporary images by indigenous publications purport to show woorda but my enquiries have come to nothing and my experience is that this is probably incorrect nomenclature it is notable that hilton does not attempt to match the species with anything collected since given his extensive experience with wa fungi this is not encouraging it is also somewhat surprising that something that was apparently common enough to be noted by drummond does not seem to match any of the common species seen today the only species that i commonly see that has a yellow slimy cap is tylopilus phaseolisporus but that species does not feature a blue staining reaction somewhere in the back of my memory is a report possibly by lothar becker of the aboriginal women in victoria collecting a mushroom that closely resembled boletus luteus suillus luteus if my memory served me well they would skewer them with a stick as a means of collecting them it is tempting to conclude that this mushroom may have had the slimy cap referred to by drummond found the reference from lothar becker a boletus which scarcely differs from our b luteus is consumed raw by the women agaricus campestris l the champignon which occurs here as a variety has already established itself at many places where horse breeding takes place but it is not used by the aborigines who are still unacquainted with its properties that note was in reference to the wide bay region of queensland cooke also mentions edible boletes from queensland one of which he calls boletus badius and says that the flesh turns blue near the tubes note 17 august 2025 i have seen the word woort used as the name of a mushroom in various lexicons i had wondered if this might be a variation of woorda this seems likely given the following comment by wilf douglas in his 1996 book illustrated dictionary of the south west aboriginal languag e in the south west language there are no words which change their meaning if spelt with a d instead of a b likewise no words change meaning if t is used instead of d i will mention also here that there is a green mushroom mentioned in a couple of places i have often wondered what this might be one thought was amanita austro viridis but given the description of this by miller as having a stale unpleasant taste and being localised to two peoples bay nature reserve this seems unlikely march 2026 it has come to my attention that people have been eating a blue staining bolete that grows in north east victoria this was mistaken for suillus and apparently the cap is occasionally viscid some pictures of this mushroom appear below there is a possibility that this is the boletus aboriginum that becker refers to it is also possible that this is what lothar refers to as resembling boletus luteus particularly since it was mistaken for that species and in fact this might be the same what becker describes it also has a resemblance to boletus badius which cooke describes as being eaten in queensland although clearly he had the name wrong it has the wrong cap colour for b alliciens though the taste of these is described as lemony when cut the yellowish flesh at first turns blue but then reverts this is seen in some other boletes it was found growing in large numbers among grass where the trees were eucalypts but there had previously been pinus thankyou helen for the information and images side view of blue staining edible bolete boletus aboriginum from ne victoria note spicules on stipe and red white red colour gradation credit helen van huet cap of yellow staining bolete boletus aboriginum from ne victoria credit helen van huet cross section of blue staining bolete boletus aboriginum from ne victoria note that the blue staining is absent from the flesh and muted in the pores the red coloration around insect attack is common in boletes credit helen van huet comments 2 macrolepiota dolichaula one of the best of the edibles march 13 2021 filed under edible fungi fungi tagged australian edible fungi australian edible mushrooms australian mushrooms edible australian mushrooms macrolepiota dolichaula in its typical habitat a grassy paddock image credit pixie miller macrolepiota dolichaula is a large mushroom that can often be seen in open paddocks from some distance away it occurs in the warmer regions of australia such as the north coast of new south wales and queensland it also occurs in other countries such as vietnam northern thailand and china in all those places it is also considered an edible species genetically the specimens from australia form a monophyletic clade with the species from china dna barcoding shows a 100 match between specimens from australia and china this is shown by specimens lodged by the mycologist who specialises in this genus else vellinga genetically it sits close to macroplepiota procera with which it is often confused the epiphet dolichaula comes from greek dolichos for long and aulos for tube referring presumably to the stipe it is conventional to pronounce ch in greek as k in english i pronounce this dolly kola people in australia sometimes use the nickname dolly for this mushroom phylogenetic relationships in macrolepiota from when it is young the mushroom has is bell shaped campulinate as shown in the image below young specimen of m dolichaula shown bell like shape image credit pixie miller the centre of the mushroom has a slightly raised area an umbo which often has a light tan colour from the centre the cap squamules radiate toward...