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bman 90 languages العربية مصرى asturianu aymar aru azərbaycanca bikol central беларуская български bosanski català čeština cymraeg dansk deutsch ελληνικά english esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français furlan frysk gaeilge galego hausa עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia igbo ido íslenska italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული 한국어 latina latviešu madhurâ malagasy македонски മലയാളം मराठी bahasa melayu plattdüütsch नेपाल भाषा nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål livvinkarjala ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski پنجابی nawat پښتو português runa simi română русский संस्कृतम् srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina سرائیکی slovenščina shqip српски srpski svenska kiswahili தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย tagalog setswana türkçe українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt winaray 吴语 yorùbá 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 change links page talk english read change change source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read change change source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export make a book download as pdf page for printing in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from simple english wikipedia the free encyclopedia harriet tubman tubman in 1895 born araminta ross c march 1822 dorchester county maryland u s died march 10 1913 aged 90 91 auburn new york u s resting place fort hill cemetery auburn new york u s 42 55 29 n 76 34 30 w 42 9246 n 76 5750 w 42 9246 76 5750 other names minty moses occupations civil war scout spy nurse suffragist civil rights activist known for freeing slaves spouses john tubman m 1844 div 1851 nelson davis m 1869 died 1888 children gertie adopted parents harriet greene ross ben ross harriet tubman born araminta ross c 1820 or 1821 march 10 1913 was an african american anti slavery worker former slave and humanitarian she was also a union spy and the first black woman to ever lead an american mission during the american civil war she was born into slavery but she escaped during her life she made nineteen trips she helped more than 700 slaves escape 1 2 she used the underground railroad when tubman was a child in dorchester county maryland she was whipped and beaten by many different masters when she was very young an angry overseer threw a heavy metal weight at another slave the weight accidentally hit tubman s head that caused seizures headaches powerful visionary and dream experiences she had those problems all her life tubman believed the visions and vivid dreams came from god in 1849 tubman escaped to philadelphia slaves were free there she later returned to maryland to rescue her family she eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom slave owners offered large amounts for the return of their slaves tubman was never caught because nobody knew she was freeing the slaves when the american civil war began tubman worked for the union army she worked first as a cook and nurse later she was an armed scout and spy she was the first woman to lead an armed group in the war she guided the combahee river raid which freed more than 700 slaves in south carolina after the war she moved to her family home in auburn new york there she cared for her aging parents she became active in the women s suffrage movement in new york until she became ill near the end of her life she lived in a home for elderly african americans years earlier she had helped create that home harriet was a leader and still is early life and education change change source tubman s mother rit whose father might have been a white man 3 4 was a cook 5 her father ben was a woodsman he did the timber work on a plantation 3 they married around 1808 according to court records they had nine children together linah was born in 1808 mariah ritty in 1811 soph in 1813 robert in 1816 minty harriet in 1821 ben in 1823 rachel in 1825 henry in 1830 and moses in 1832 6 childhood change change source tubman s mother was assigned to the big house and had very little time for her family tubman took care of a younger brother and a baby this was typical in large families when she was five or six years old brodess hired her out as a nursemaid to a woman named miss susan tubman was ordered to watch the baby tubman was whipped she later talked about a day when she was whipped five times before breakfast she had the scars for the rest of her life she found ways to resist such as running away for five days wearing layers of clothing as protection against beatings and fighting back as a child tubman also worked at the home of a planter named james cook she had to check muskrat traps in nearby marshes she did that work even after she got measles she became so ill that cook sent her back to brodess her mother nursed her back to health brodess then hired her out again tubman spoke later of her acute childhood homesickness she compared herself to the boy on the swanee river referring to stephen foster s song old folks at home when she was older and stronger she did field and forest work driving oxen plowing and hauling logs head injury change change source one day the adolescent tubman was sent to a dry goods store for supplies there she met a slave owned by another family that slave had left the fields without permission his overseer was angry he demanded that tubman help restrain the young man tubman refused as the slave ran away the overseer threw a two pound weight at him the weight hit tubman instead tubman said the weight broke my skull she later explained her belief that her hair which had never been combed and stood out like a bushel basket might have saved her life bleeding and unconscious tubman was returned to her owner s house and laid on the seat of a loom she had no medical care for two days she was sent back into the fields with blood and sweat rolling down my face until i couldn t see her boss returned her to brodess who tried unsuccessfully to sell her she began having seizures and seemed to fall unconscious she later said she was aware of her surroundings while appearing to be asleep these episodes were alarming to her family they couldn t wake her when she fell asleep suddenly and without warning this condition remained with tubman for the rest of her life larson suggests she may have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy because of the injury family and marriage change change source around 1844 tubman married a free black man named john tubman little is known about him or their time together their marriage was complicated because she was a slave since children would have the status of the mother any children born to harriet and john would become slaves by this time half the black population on the eastern shore of maryland was free marriages between free people and enslaved people were not uncommon most african american families had both free and enslaved members larson suggests that they might have planned to buy tubman s freedom tubman changed her name from araminta to harriet when she arrived to philadelphia when she returned to manchester to tell her husband to come with him he was remarried already references change change source larson p xvii harriet tubman pbs retrieved 26 april 2013 1 2 larson p 10 clinton p 6 humez p 12 larson p 311 312 bibliography change change source anderson e m 2005 home miss moses a novel in the time of harriet tubman higganum ct higganum hill books isbn 0 9776556 0 1 bradford sarah 1961 harriet tubman the moses of her people new york corinth books bradford sarah 1971 scenes in the life of harriet tubman freeport books for libraries press isbn 0 836 98782 9 clinton catherine 2004 harriet tubman the road to freedom new york little brown and company isbn 0 316 14492 4 conrad earl 1942 harriet tubman negro soldier and abolitionist new york international publishers oclc 08991147 douglass frederick 1969 life and times of frederick douglass his early life as a slave his escape from bondage and his complete history written by himself london collier macmillan oclc 39258166 humez jean 2003 harriet tubman the life and life stories madison university of wisconsin press isbn 0 299 19120 6 larson kate clifford 2004 bound for the promised land harriet tubman portrait of an american hero new york ballantine books isbn 0 345 45627 0 sterling dorothy 1970 freedom train the story of harriet tubman new york scholastic inc isbn 0 5904362 8 7 other websites change change source harriet tubman biographies for kids v t e american civil war origins origins issues timeline leading to the war antebellum era bleeding kansas border states compromise of 1850 missouri compromise popular sovereignty secession states rights president lincoln s 75 000 volunteers slavery african americans dred scott v sandford emancipation proclamation fire eaters fugitive slave laws slave power slavery in the united states uncle tom s cabin abolitionism susan b anthony john brown frederick douglass william lloyd garrison thaddeus stevens charles sumner harriet tubman underground railroad combatants theaters campaigns battles states combatants union army navy marine corps revenue cutter service confederacy army navy marine corps theaters eastern western major campaigns anaconda plan blockade runners jackson s valley peninsula maryland gettysburg bristoe overland atlanta richmond petersburg sherman s march appomattox major battles fort sumter 1st bull run wilson s creek pea ridge hampton roads shiloh seven pines seven days 2nd bull run antietam perryville fredericksburg chancellorsville gettysburg vicksburg wilderness spotsylvania atlanta mobile bay nashville five forks leaders confederate military beauregard cooper early hill hood jackson a s johnston j e johnston lee longstreet price e k smith taylor civilian breckinridge davis union military burnside farragut frémont grant halleck hooker mcclellan mcdowell meade pope d d porter rosecrans scott sheridan sherman thomas civilian chase hamlin lincoln pinkerton seward stanton stevens wade welles aftermath constitution reconstruction amendments 13th amendment 14th amendment 15th amendment reconstruction carpetbaggers homestead acts ku klux klan reconstruction era post reconstruction jim crow wilmington insurrection of 1898 v t e african americans history timeline abolitionism african american founding fathers afrocentrism american civil war atlantic slave trade black codes black cowboys black genocide black lives matter brown v board of education 1954 children of the plantation civil rights acts 1964 voting rights act of 1965 1968 civil rights movement 1865 1896 civil right movement 1896 1954 civil rights movement 1954 1968 montgomery bus boycott browder v gayle 1956 sit in movement freedom riders birmingham movement march on washington freedom summer selma to montgomery marches chicago freedom movement post civil rights era cornerstone speech covid 19 impact dred scott v sandford 1857 free negro free people of color george floyd protests great migration second new exodusters inauguration of barack obama 2009 inauguration of barack obama 2013 jim crow laws lynching military history million man march nadir of american race relations the negro motorist green book partus sequitur ventrem plantations plessy v ferguson 1896 reconstruction amendments reconstruction era redlining separate but equal silent parade slavery treatment of slaves tulsa race massacre underground railroad women s suffrage movement culture afrofuturism art black mecca businesses dance family structure film folktales hair beauty harlem renaissance new negro hoodoo juneteenth kwanzaa lgbtq community literature music musical theater names negro national anthem neighborhoods newspapers soul food stereotypes middle class upper class notable people ralph abernathy maya angelou crispus attucks james baldwin james bevel julian bond amelia boynton james bradley carol moseley braun edward brooke blanche bruce ralph bunche george washington carver shirley chisholm claudette colvin frederick douglass w e b du bois medgar evers james farmer henry highland garnet marcus garvey fred gray prathia hall fannie lou hamer kamala harris jimi hendrix jesse jackson ketanji brown jackson michael jackson harriet jacobs barbara jordan coretta scott king martin luther king jr bernard lafayette james lawson huddie ledbetter john lewis joseph lowery malcolm x thurgood marshall toni morrison bob moses diane nash barack obama michelle obama rosa parks adam clayton powell jr colin powell gabriel prosser joseph rainey a philip randolph hiram revels paul robeson al sharpton fred shuttlesworth clarence thomas emmett till sojourner truth harriet tubman nat turner denmark vesey c t vivian david walker booker t washington ida b wells roy wilkins oprah winfrey andrew young whitney young education science and technology black studies black schools historically black colleges and universities inventors and scientists museums women in computer science in medicine in stem fields religion african american jews islam american society of muslims nation of islam black church azusa street revival black hebrew israelites black theology doctrine of father divine political movements anarchism back to africa movement black power movement capitalism conservatism leftism pan africanism populism raised fist self determination nationalism socialism civic and economic groups association for the study of african american life and history asalh black panther party committee to eliminate media offensive to african people cemotap congress of racial equality core national association for the advancement of colored people naacp nashville student movement national black chamber of commerce nbcc national council of negro women ncnw national pan hellenic council nphc national urban league nul southern christian leadership conference sclc student nonviolent coordinating committee sncc thurgood marshall college fund united negro college fund uncf universal negro improvement association and african communities league unia acl sports negro league baseball baseball color line black players in professional american football black nfl quarterbacks black players in ice hockey muhammad ali arthur ashe jack johnson joe louis jesse owens jackie robinson serena williams athletic associations and conferences central ciaa mid eastern meac southern siac southwestern swac ethnic subdivisions by african descent fula gullah igbo yoruba alabama creole black indians black seminoles cherokee freedmen choctaw freedmen creek freedmen black southerners blaxicans great dismal swamp maroons louisiana creole of color melungeon demographics neighborhoods list u s cities with large populations 2000 majorities 2010 majorities metropolitan areas states and territories languages afro seminole creole american sign black american sign english american english african american english african american vernacular english social context gullah louisiana creole by state city alabama arkansas cali...