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jean jacques dessalines simple english wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide getting around main page simple start simple talk new changes show any page help contact us about wikipedia special pages search search appearance give to wikipedia create account log in personal tools give to wikipedia create account log in contents move to sidebar hide beginning 1 references 2 other websites toggle the table of contents jean jacques dessalines 55 languages አማርኛ العربية مصرى asturianu беларуская brezhoneg català کوردی čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά english esperanto español euskara فارسی suomi français hausa עברית kreyòl ayisyen magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 tyap 한국어 latina lëtzebuergesch മലയാളം bahasa melayu nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål papiamentu polski português română русский саха тыла srpskohrvatski српскохрватски සිංහල српски srpski svenska ไทย türkçe українська tiếng việt winaray yorùbá 中文 change links page talk english read change change source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read change change source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export make a book download as pdf page for printing in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from simple english wikipedia the free encyclopedia jacques i emperor of haiti reign 2 september 1804 17 october 1806 coronation 8 october 1804 governor general of haiti reign 1 january 1804 2 september 1804 born 1758 09 20 20 september 1758 cormier grande rivière du nord saint domingue died 17 october 1806 1806 10 17 aged 48 pont larnage now pont rouge near port au prince haiti spouse marie claire heureuse félicité coat of arms jean jacques dessalines haitian creole jan jak desalin french pronunciation ʒɑ̃ ʒak dɛsalin 20 september 1758 17 october 1806 was one of the leaders of the haitian revolution and the first ruler of independent haiti under the constitution of 1805 1 jacques ended slavery in haiti he was named emperor of haiti by the leaders of the revolution he was assassinated in 1806 he is regarded as one of the founding fathers of haiti 2 3 during the haitian revolution he won a number of victories against napoleon who had re introduced slavery in saint domingue these victories made dessalines one of the most successful military commander in the struggle against napoleonic france 4 dessalines was directly responsible for the country under his rule haiti became the first country in the americas to permanently abolish slavery dessalines served as an officer in the french army when the colony was fighting against spanish and british incursions later he rose to become a commander in the revolt against france as toussaint louverture s principal lieutenant he led many successful engagements including the battle of crête à pierrot in 1802 louverture was betrayed and captured louverture was sent to prison in france where he died dessalines then became the leader of the revolution and général chef de l armée indigène on 18 may 1803 his forces defeated the french army at the battle of vertières on 18 november 1803 saint domingue was declared independent on 29 november it was called independent republic of haiti on 1 january 1804 a council of generals chose dessalines to be its governor general dessalines ordered the 1804 haitian genocide of the remaining french population in haiti between 3 000 and 5 000 people were killed including women and children as well as thousands of refugees 5 some modern historians classify the massacre as a genocide due to its systemic nature 6 7 dessalines excluded surviving polish legionnaires who had defected from the french legion to become allied with the enslaved africans as well as the germans who did not take part in the slave trade 8 he granted them full citizenship under the constitution and classified them as black along with all other haitian citizens 8 tensions remained with the minority of mixed race or free people of color who had gained some education and property during the colonial period 5 references change change source philippe r girard 2011 the slaves who defeated napoleon toussaint louverture and the haitian war of independence 1801 1804 tuscaloosa alabama university of alabama press isbn 978 0 8173 1732 4 independent haiti archived from the original on 31 may 2023 retrieved 27 november 2006 gazette politique et commecial d haïti pdf p roux imprimeur de l empreur archived from the original pdf on 12 october 2017 retrieved 12 october 2017 christer petley 2018 white fury a jamaican slaveholder and the age of revolution oxford university press p 182 1 2 girard philippe r 2011 the slaves who defeated napoleon toussaint louverture and the haitian war of independence 1801 1804 tuscaloosa alabama university of alabama press isbn 978 0 8173 1732 4 p 319 322 girard philippe r 2005 caribbean genocide racial war in haiti 1802 4 patterns of prejudice 39 2 138 161 doi 10 1080 00313220500106196 issn 0031 322x s2cid 145204936 the haitian genocide and its historical counterparts the 1804 haitian genocide moses dirk a stone dan 2013 colonialism and genocide routledge p 63 isbn 978 1 317 99753 5 archived from the original on 21 october 2023 retrieved 22 october 2023 1 2 dubois laurent 2004 avengers of the new world the story of the haitian revolution harvard university press pp 300 other websites change change source the dessalines reader short biography and links to many primary sources haitian constitution of 1805 archived 2015 09 15 at the wayback machine webster university this short article about a person or group of people can be made longer you can help wikipedia by adding to it retrieved from https simple wikipedia org w index php title jean jacques_dessalines oldid 10863794 categories 1758 births 1806 deaths 19th century haitian people 19th century monarchs in north america assassinated people french military people generals governors general haitian politicians murderers political activists roman catholics slaves hidden categories pages using infobox royalty with unknown parameters webarchive template wayback links people stubs this page was last changed on 20 may 2026 at 14 32 page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license and the gfdl additional terms may apply see terms of use for details privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents jean jacques dessalines 55 languages add topic