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ort amsterdam north is on the right in this map in the 1620s the first large european colony was started in new netherland when the dutch began trading fur on governors island 7 in 1625 the dutch chose manhattan island to build fort amsterdam a citadel for the protection of the new arrivals it would later be called new amsterdam dutch nieuw amsterdam the creation of new amsterdam was recognized as the birth of new york city on may 24 1626 manhattan was bought from the native americans living on the island the price was trading goods worth 60 guilders which was worth about 24 dollars at the time the currency calculations from the international institute of social history in amsterdam say that 60 guilders in the 1620s cost around 1000 now 10 in 1647 peter stuyvesant became the last dutch director general of the colony new amsterdam was considered an official city on 3 february 1653 in 1664 the british conquered new netherland and renamed it new york after the english king james ii then known as duke of york and albany stuyvesant and his council made a deal with the british where new netherlanders were promised liberties including freedom of religion under british rule in august 1673 the dutch took control of the island again calling the city new orange dutch nieuwe oranje the dutch lost control of new netherland forever to the english in november 1674 by treaty american revolution change change source a 1776 illustration by an unknown artist of the fire that destroyed much of the city manhattan was the center of many campaigns battles and meetings during the american revolution in 1765 all of the colonies worked together for a unified political aim when the stamp act congress meeting of representatives from across the thirteen colonies was held in new york city to write the declaration of rights and grievances 11 the sons of liberty a boston based group were part of a long term battle with british authorities over liberty poles that were sometimes raised by the sons of liberty and cut down by the british the disputes ended when the revolutionary new york provincial congress took power in 1775 12 manhattan was the center of a series of large battles in the early american revolutionary war 13 these battles were called the new york campaign where british forces and colonists fought for control of new york city and the state of new jersey the rebel continental army led by george washington had to leave manhattan after losing the battle of fort washington on 16 november 1776 shortly after manhattan was greatly damaged by the great fire of new york in 1776 victory gave the british control of the area they used the city as the center for political and military activities for the rest of the war loyalists from elsewhere came to the city as refugees from the rebels and to join the war years later washington came back to manhattan with his army on evacuation day the last british occupation forces left the city on 25 november 1783 14 on 30 april 1789 washington was inaugurated officially became the first president of the united states and took his oath of office at federal hall on wall street 15 16 immigration influx and gilded age change change source old tenements in manhattan in the early 19th century manhattan grew in population and economically another great fire in 1835 destroyed much of the city but it was soon rebuilt because of the great irish famine a lot of irish people emigrated left their country to live in new york they made up for 25 of manhattan s population at the time 17 many of the irish people lived in a part of the lower east side known as the bowery or in another section called five points after the civil war many immigrants of italian 18 polish 19 and jewish 20 backgrounds came to manhattan and lived in tenements in a part of the city called the lower east side over a million people lived in the area at one point an irish political machine called tammany hall was very important to new york city during the gilded age 21 with the support of mostly irish immigrants it grew as a political machine 21 the support helped win the election for the first tammany mayor fernando wood in 1854 21 central park which opened to the public in 1858 became the first landscaped park in any american city and the country s first public park 22 the rate of immigration from europe shot up after the civil war and new york became the most popular state for immigrants in the united states because of this the french built and gave new york the statue of liberty on october 28 1886 soon after the boroughs of manhattan and brooklyn were combined into one city economic downfall and rise change change source lower west manhattan park and 57th street manhattan lincoln center manhattan island central park map of manhattan in 2023 in the beginning of the 20th century many new things were built in the city like skyscrapers and the new york city subway the first subway transit center the interborough rapid transit or irt opened to the public in 1904 23 the installation of the subway helped tie the new city together as did new bridges to brooklyn in the 1920s many african americans came to live in manhattan during the great migration from the american south and the harlem renaissance 24 new york city became the most populous city city with the most people in the world in 1925 overtaking london which had held the title for a century between world war i and world war ii reformist fiorello la guardia was elected as the new mayor in 1933 and took office in 1934 25 marking the fall of tammany hall after 80 years of dominating politics in new york city once the city s demographics were steadier labor unionization provided protection and affluence to the working class despite the great depression some of the world s tallest skyscrapers of the time were built in manhattan during the 1930s including many art deco masterpieces that are still part of the city s skyline today the most well known structures are empire state building the chrysler building and the ge building following the end of world war ii a lot of veterans came home to the united states this led to the development of private communities that were intended to be sold or rented out to returning soldiers resulting in an economic boom an example of one of the communities built to attract veterans looking for homes is stuyvesant town peter cooper village which opened in 1947 in 1951 the united nations relocated from its first headquarters in queens to the east side of manhattan population and industry began to decline in the 1960s the stonewall riots were a series of violent demonstrations by members of the gay community by the 1970s the city had gained a reputation as a graffiti covered crime ridden relic of history in 1975 the city government went bankrupt ran out of money and its pleas for financial help were rejected at first on 30 october 1975 the new york daily news reported the event with the headline as ford to city drop dead 26 the city received a federal loan and debt restructuring after the economic downfall and recovery new york state kept a close watch on new york city s economy 27 in the 1980s wall street was revived from its slump and the city reclaimed its role at the center of the worldwide financial industry during this time manhattan was also at the heart of the aids crisis with greenwich village being a major center of the epidemic gay men s health crisis gmhc 28 and aids coalition to unleash power act up were organizations that were started because of the crisis 29 their purpose was to advocate on behalf of those aids victims 29 crime rates began to drop greatly in the 1990s murder rates were 537 in 2008 30 compared to 2 245 in 1990 31 the crack epidemic and its associated drug related violence had died down and was under great control by the city many people who had moved out of the city came back because the city once again became the destination of immigrants from around the world joining with low interest rates and wall street bonuses to fuel the growth of the real estate market references change change source 2020 u s gazetteer files united states census bureau retrieved september 11 2023 borough of manhattan new york map and latitude longitude gps coordinates archived from the original on 13 january 2011 retrieved 17 january 2011 p1 total population united states census bureau retrieved september 11 2023 letters from new york the university of georgia press 1998 isbn 9780820320779 retrieved 29 december 2010 cite book work ignored help barry dan 11 october 2001 new york times a nation challenged in new york new york carries on but test of its grit has just begun the new york times retrieved 26 december 2010 sorrentino christopher 16 september 2007 new york times when he was seventeen the new york times retrieved 26 december 2010 1 2 dutch colonization national park service u s department of the interior archived from the original on 19 may 2010 retrieved 8 january 2011 sullivan dr james the history of new york state book i chapter iii usgennet accessed 2007 05 01 there is satisfactory evidence that giovanni da verrazzano sailed into the outer harbor of new york in 1524 rankin rebecca b cleveland rodgers 1948 new york the world s capital city its development and contributions to progress harper value of the guilder euro comparing the purchasing power of the guilder from 1450 to any other year retrieved 8 january 2011 10a stamp act congress retrieved 9 january 2011 hough franklin b 1858 the new york civil list weed parsons co 1858 p 46 48 retrieved 7 january 2011 11 the american revolution retrieved 9 january 2011 history of wahi evacuation day march 1997 archived from the original on january 6 2006 retrieved 11 january 2011 eyewitness to history the inauguration of george washington 1789 www eyewitnesstohistory com accessed 11 january 2011 on april 30 washington was escorted to federal hall on wall street and into the senate chamber washington vice president john adams the senators and representatives stepped out of the chamber onto a balcony overlooking the street filled with a cheering crowd as there were as yet no supreme court justices the oath of office was administered by chancellor robert r livingstone new york s highest ranking judge after taking the oath washington and the others returned to the senate chamber where the new president gave a short speech national archives and records administration exhibit president george washington s inaugural address archives gov accessed 11 january 2011 george washington hero of the american revolution and of the constitutional convention was elected in 1789 to serve as this nation s first president bayor ronald h 1997 the new york irish johns hopkins university press p 91 isbn 0801857643 immigration the italians retrieved 7 january 2011 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link cisek janusz 3 march 2006 polish refugees and the polish american immigration and relief committee mcfarland company inc p 2 2006 p 12 isbn 9780786422944 retrieved 8 january 2011 haberle susan e june 2002 jewish immigrants 1880 1924 capstone press p 2 p 16 isbn 9780736812078 retrieved 7 january 2011 1 2 3 spartacus educational tammany society archived from the original on november 23 2001 retrieved 11 january 2011 initially a social organisation it became increasingly political and by the middle of the 19th century had become a significant force in city government although controlled by wealthy men the organization attracted the support of the working classes and the immigrant population blackmar elizabeth rosenzweig roy your complete guide to central park retrieved 11 january 2011 central park was the first landscaped public park in the united states irt bmt ind a brief history of the subway archived from the original on 26 november 2010 retrieved 21 january 2011 new york city history manhattan new york usa new york journey archived from the original on august 13 2006 retrieved 23 january 2011 it was the early 1900 s though that saw the great migration of african americans from the american south and blacks from the west indies seeking opportunity and employment in the north nyc 100 nyc mayors the first 100 years retrieved 28 january 2011 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link new york city on the brink archived from the original on december 20 2005 retrieved 13 february 2011 firestone david 18 may 1995 new york times this time new york city is all alone the new york times retrieved 17 february 2011 history gmhc 2020 10 09 retrieved 2025 09 20 1 2 act up new york city information retrieved 18 february 2011 in march of 1987 act up formed in new york city by a group of people as a diverse nonpartisan group of individuals united in anger and committed to direct action to end the aids crisis marks jonathan february 17 2009 the crime rates in new york city in 2008 criminal law blog on lawyers archived from the original on march 9 2011 retrieved december 17 2011 lueck thomas j 31 december 2007 new york times low murder rate brings new york back to 63 the new york times retrieved 18 february 2011 the body count that year reflected the beginnings of what was to be an alarming rise in the city s murder rate through 1990 in that year the city s worst there were 2 245 homicides and new york city was known as the murder capital of the nation other websites change change source wikimedia commons has media related to manhattan new york city wikivoyage has a travel guide about manhattan v t e new york metropolitan area counties bergen bronx carbon dutchess essex fairfield hudson hunterdon kings lehigh litchfield mercer middlesex monmouth monroe morris nassau new haven northampton new york ocean orange passaic pike putnam queens richmond rockland somerset suffolk sussex sullivan ulster union warren westchester major cities and towns new york city the bronx brooklyn manhattan queens staten island hempstead cities over 100 000 allentown bridgeport edison elizabeth huntington jersey city new haven newark paterson stamford waterbury woodbridge yonkers cities and towns over 25 000 bayonne bergenfield bethlehem branford cheshire clifton danbury east haven east orange easton englewood ewing township fairfield fair lawn fort lee freehold township garfield greenwich hackensack hamden hamilton township mercer county hoboken howell kearny long beach long branch lower macungie township mahwah manalapan marlboro meriden middletown nj middletown ny milford mount vernon naugatuck new brunswick new milford new rochelle newburgh newtown norwalk old bridge paramus passaic perth amboy plainfield poughkeepsie rahway shelton stratford teaneck torrington trenton trumbull union city wallingford west haven westfield westport white plains whitehall township pa cities and towns over 10 000 ansonia asbury park beacon bethel bethlehem township pa brookfield coolbaugh township darien derby dover dumont east stroudsburg edgewater elmwood park emmaus pa fairview frank...