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o total 8 jun 2026 u s agency for global media profile why usagm remains state controlled in 2026 jun 2026 state media in the middle east a region built on state control 14 countries and territories ranked jun 2026 the african view every sub saharan outlet and its trajectory since 2022 more sub regional analyses from the 2026 cycle south asia reform on paper control in practice eastern africa a captive landscape slowly diverging middle africa a uniform architecture northern africa no independent exception western africa divided press freedom outcomes southern africa central america control by default find your way in global list look up any outlet its classification and how it has changed since 2022 regional overviews how state media are funded run and steered in each part of the world state media matrix the seven models and the three tests that decide them methodology how evidence is gathered weighed and reviewed every cycle global study the annual comparative reports and the full archive where independence stands each square below is one state or public media outlet assessed in the 2025 global study 512 of the 606 answer to a government or to political interests only 19 meet the bar for independent public media state controlled 392 captured public 67 captured private 53 independent state funded and managed 44 independent state funded 16 independent state managed 15 independent public 19 select a category to isolate it data 2025 global study 170 countries the 2026 cycle is under way updated regional analyses are being published region by region and individual outlets are reclassified as new evidence comes in 85 of state and public media are controlled or captured by governments or political interests share without editorial independence 2021 2025 2021 2025 80 85 19 independent public media outlets worldwide 13 in europe 4 in asia 2 in north america 94 outlets in the independent family as a whole the fewest since monitoring began 392 state controlled outlets concentrated in sub saharan africa 116 asia 86 eurasia 54 and mena 52 read the 2025 global study key findings region by region share of mapped state and public media that are controlled or captured select a region to see its full breakdown all regional overviews region composition by model not independent sub saharan africa 2025 composition 98 5 middle east north africa 2026 cycle 97 6 eurasia 2026 cycle 96 7 asia 2026 cycle 91 9 latin america the caribbean 2026 cycle 83 8 europe 2025 composition 53 4 north america and oceania are covered in the global list sub saharan africa and europe show their full 2025 composition 2025 composition 2026 roster sub saharan africa 98 5 controlled or captured in 2025 135 of 137 outlets 145 outlets in 41 countries mapped for 2026 state controlled 116 captured public 15 captured private 4 independent state funded and managed 2 the starkest imbalance of any region in 2025 116 of 137 outlets were state controlled and only two showed any independence private groups are being drawn in as well with four tanzanian conglomerates reclassified as captured in 2025 browse all 145 outlets read the 2026 overview 2026 cycle middle east north africa 97 6 controlled or captured 83 of 85 outlets 85 outlets in 19 countries state controlled 52 captured public 18 captured private 13 independent state funded and managed 2 control takes more forms here than anywhere else captured public and private outlets make up nearly two fifths of the sample including large gulf groups where capture comes with commercial scale the only independent outlets are israel s kan and galatz read the 2026 overview middle east country ranking 2026 cycle eurasia 96 7 controlled or captured 58 of 60 entries 60 entries in 12 jurisdictions state controlled 49 captured public 6 captured private 3 independent state funded and managed 1 independent state funded 1 only moldova s teleradio moldova and ukraine s suspilne sit in the independent family russia central asia and the south caucasus have none the roster shrank from 69 to 60 entries this cycle and not one of those changes produced a new independent outlet read the 2026 overview browse all 60 entries 2026 cycle asia 91 9 controlled or captured 102 of 111 organisations 111 active organisations in 26 jurisdictions state controlled 64 captured public 28 captured private 10 independent state funded and managed 3 independent state managed 2 independent public 4 one of the world s largest state controlled blocs but with movement in both directions indonesia s tvri and rri and japan s nhk were upgraded in 2025 while several asean states deepened content partnerships with xinhua and other chinese state media browse all 111 organisations asia regional overviews 2026 cycle latin america the caribbean 83 8 controlled or captured 57 of 68 outlets 68 outlets in 25 countries state controlled 52 captured public 4 captured private 1 independent state funded and managed 6 independent state funded 5 a free media market is no guarantee uruguay and costa rica rank among the freest media environments in the americas yet neither has a national broadcaster that meets the independence threshold and jamaica s only mapped outlet was reclassified as state controlled this cycle read the 2026 overview 2025 composition europe 53 4 controlled or captured 62 of 116 outlets 116 outlets mapped in 2025 state controlled 31 captured public 8 captured private 23 independent state funded and managed 26 independent state funded 5 independent state managed 10 independent public 13 home to 13 of the world s 19 independent public media outlets yet state controlled has become europe s most common single model after the capture of spain s regional broadcasters and political pressure in slovakia and montenegro read the 2025 overview seven models three levers every outlet is tested on who pays for it who runs it and who decides what it reports the more of those levers a government holds the less independent the newsroom full typology show models where the state controls funding ownership or governance editorial line clear controlled independent the seven models of the state media matrix ordered from most controlled to most independent model funding ownership or governance editorial line outlets 2025 state controlled sc the state pays appoints and steers the news the most widespread model in the world state controls state controls state controls 392 captured public capu state owned or state managed with that position used to shape coverage whether or not the state is the main funder sometimes state controls state controls 67 captured private capr privately owned but kept in line through state advertising public contracts or owners allied with those in power indirectly no state controls 53 independent state funded and state managed isfm funded and run by the state which leaves editorial choices to journalists independence rests on restraint so it stays fragile state controls state controls no 44 independent state funded isf relies mainly on state money but the state neither owns it nor controls its boards state controls no no 16 independent state managed ism state owned or state governed but not mainly state funded and its editorial autonomy is respected no state controls no 15 independent public ip funding and governance designed to keep government out backed by working editorial safeguards no no no 19 state controls partly or indirectly no state control capture is the model to watch captured outlets rarely carry a state label control builds up over years through boards budgets advertising and friendly owners which makes capture the hardest model to document and it can be a stepping stone to outright state control captured private media grew from 48 outlets in 2024 to 53 in 2025 and captured public media from 64 to 67 how each model is tested profiles worth reading country and outlet profiles set out the evidence behind each classification start with these browse every profile u s agency for global media united states isfm to reclassified to sc the umbrella for voice of america and the office of cuba broadcasting with grants to rfe rl radio free asia and mbn downgraded to state controlled in 2025 after an executive order to dismantle it politically aligned leadership and frozen grant funding a first for a north american outlet it remains state controlled in 2026 read the profile russia eurasia 12 sc 3 capu 3 capr the largest single country roster 18 entries from vgtrk and tass to rt and none in the independent family rsf 2026 172nd of 180 read the profile taiwan east asia 3 isfm all three outlets are independent and taiwan ranks highest in asia on press freedom but 2026 budget decisions tying public broadcaster governance to frozen funds add a new structural risk read the profile fiji oceania 1 isfm the fiji broadcasting corporation has worked with more day to day autonomy since the 2022 change of government and the 2023 repeal of the media industry development act read the profile côte d ivoire western africa 1 capu 2 isfm no state controlled outlets at all giving it a more plural state media sector than its sahel neighbours under military rule read the profile libya northern africa 1 sc a state media system split between two rival authorities even the national news agency runs as two parallel editions and there is no unified regulator read the profile who moved classifications are reviewed every cycle recent reclassifications 2026 rtve spain upgraded to the independent family 1 october jamaica s only mapped outlet reclassified as state controlled moldpres moldova state controlled to captured public both non independent 2025 tvri and rri indonesia state controlled to independent state funded and state managed nhk japan captured public to independent state managed usagm united states independent state funded and state managed to state controlled four private groups tanzania sahara media uhuru media ipp media and azam media now captured private isna iran once semi independent now state controlled how a classification is made gather the evidence budgets and revenue sources ownership records and appointment rules and the outlet s editorial record collected by country researchers ask three questions does the state provide most of the money does it own the outlet or control who runs it does it shape what gets reported assign one of seven models the pattern of answers places the outlet in the state media matrix from state controlled to independent public review it every cycle profiles are updated continuously with a global overview each september october outlets that close merge or fall out of scope leave the active roster data collection began in 2004 more than 600 researchers have contributed through projects including television across europe mapping digital media and the media influence matrix read the methodology questions the data often raises why are operators counted not channels a broadcaster running ten tv channels counts once so countries with large and small state networks can be compared fairly where a single entity holds an unusually large captured portfolio such as kesma in hungary the analysis flags it rather than counting each title since 2022 outlets run by separate operators are counted separately which is why nigeria s state level broadcasters now appear as individual entities can a private outlet be state media yes when control is persistent and systemic the captured private model covers privately owned outlets whose coverage is steered by people or businesses linked to state power usually through advertising public contracts or allied owners in 2025 four tanzanian groups were reclassified this way if a country has a free press why isn t its broadcaster independent because a competitive media market does not build safeguards inside the public broadcaster uruguay and costa rica rank among the freest media environments in the americas yet neither national broadcaster meets the independence threshold jamaica s only mapped outlet was reclassified as state controlled in 2026 for the same reason does a shorter list mean looser control not necessarily eurasia s roster fell from 69 to 60 entries in 2026 after ownership reviews consolidations and scope corrections yet no entry moved into the independent family where ownership is opaque fewer verifiable outlets can sit alongside tightening state influence is every reclassification an upgrade or a downgrade no moldova s news agency moldpres moved from state controlled to captured public in 2026 because the evidence did not show that the state was its main direct funder both models are non independent the change refines the diagnosis rather than signalling reform what happens when the evidence points two ways the profile says so côte d ivoire s publishing group snpeci is rated independent state funded and state managed with caution its ownership and funding point toward capture but analysis of its editorial content shows autonomy in practice are established democracies exempt no the u s agency for global media was downgraded from isfm to state controlled in 2025 and public broadcasters in slovakia montenegro and spain s regions have also lost ground classifications follow the evidence not a country s reputation studies and data global study archive 2025 independence under siege the 2025 global study 606 outlets in 170 countries pdf 2024 key findings 2024 a short overview in place of a full report article 2023 from puppet to powerhouse a global study of the independence of state and public media report 2022 the state of state media the first global analysis built on the state media matrix pdf using the data the dataset has a permanent doi on zenodo please cite it as dragomir m 2025 state media monitor global dataset 2025 media and journalism research center mjrc zenodo https doi org 10 5281 zenodo 17219015 copy citation view the zenodo record our data and findings have been cited by newsweek sveriges radio abc radio the public media alliance and media azi and presented at an osce roundtable seen a change we should review if a broadcaster s funding board or editorial line has shifted send us the evidence every classification can be revisited email the research team about the project privacy policy 2026 state media monitor official dataset doi https doi org 10 5281 zenodo 17219015 gdpr cookie banner we are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website you can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings accept asia toggle child menu expand east asia toggle child menu expand china hong kong japan macao mongolia north korea south korea taiwan southeast asia toggle child menu expand brunei cambodia indonesia laos malaysia myanmar philippines singapore thailand vietnam south asia toggle child menu expand afghanistan bangladesh bhutan india maldives nepal pakistan sri lanka eurasia toggle child menu expand russia central asia toggle 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