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Text of the page (random words):
d as a teacher and settled in loenen aan de vecht where he became the headmaster of the primary school he doesn t seem to have been that much of a halo man i have copies of all the onweders optische verschijnselen halo sections from 1896 to 1952 observations but except for his 1895 observation i don t recall having seen h f a kern s name in them but he must have been specialized in other kinds of observations because he is listed as one of the observers in onweders optische verschijnselen 1938 issue which is the only digitized oov currently available not on a dutch but indonesian institution website mind you possibly he was an onweders chaser it would be worth perusing the full ovvs to see what kind of stuff he reported but should someone prefer to start using the dufay arc i see it as a legitimate name possibly his is the first zenith arc extension ever reported which is of course an additional merit because as i have already said above naming arcs after silver or bronze medalists is bad practice i am brushing here of course under the carpet the issue of common practice of naming halos after persons who have never observed them dufay probably went by the full name of charles francois de cisternai du fay a scientist whose main bread was electricity or would it be necessary to consider a double name because dufay starts his account by telling that he observed the display with mr condamine most likely charles marie de la condamine actually there is the option for keeping both kern and dufay the parry orientation born zenith arc extension is different from plate born extension in that it is not a full circle but an arc with more than 180 degree circumference and the dutch theory 136 in plate oriented crystals draws an arc identical to the parry orientation born arc both are from raypaths in which the exit face is opposite to the reflection face so if the single scattering plate born extension would be dufay kern could be reserved for the special case of parry born extension on the basis of the theory even if the orientation is not the same no other raypaths contribute to zenith arc extension in parry crystals but shouldn t the arc in that case be named after its theoretician the ekema arc for the multiple scattering version i see ripley saugier and bravais as person name candidates the former for their observation in the saskatoon display the latter for his theoretical genius to envision the possibility of ms extension this is found on page 99 in bravais book memoire sur les halos he discusses the azimuthal span of the zenith arc and writes however it may happen that the theoretical amplitude is exceeded and even that a complete circle is formed 1 because each point of the arc gives rise to the formation of a parhelic circle and because all these secondary parhelic circles by superimposing themselves can produce an appreciable light cependant il peut arriver que l amplitude théorique soit dépassée et même qu il se forme un cercle complet 1 parce que chaque point de l arc donne lieu à la formation d un cercle parhélique et que tous ces cercles parhéliques secondaires en se superposant peuvent produire une lumière appréciable bravais also mused on the secondary parhelic circle at 22 to explain observations like the one by j w lambert shown in the illustration it s a certain mammoth in the room that bravais does not have a halo named after him true the zenith arc has been called bravais arc in some writings but i don t hear it used today which i think is good because by tradition person names are for more special halos there is also a third ms halo that could be named after bravais the 44 tangent arc which he also wrote about in his book marko riikonen in the original this reads unintelligibly one sidedness of the extension the original credits this to f lebland which is a double mistake first it is f leblanc second he was not on the expedition he was a wood engraver who prepared the printing block based on a sketch that someone had made of the display the display appears in three years of arctic service an account of the lady franklin bay expedition of 1881 84 and the attainment of the farthest north vol i written by the expedition leader adolphus greely posted by marko riikonen at 13 23 no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest tuesday 30 june 2026 a divergent light 22 halo from a long march 6a reentry around 19 51 utc 8 on 4 june 2026 the rednote user 岚烟喵喵喵 id 6109395002 photographed a bright divergent light 22 halo at qishui bay hainan 19 6416 n 110 9883 e the light source was probably the reentering stage of the long march 6a y25 which shone through high clouds about twelve minutes after lifting off from taiyuan satellite launch center at 19 39 the strong divergence made the 22 halo appear noticeably distorted rather than circular fig 1 no precise orbital data was available for the reentering stage thus an approximate trajectory was reconstructed from the government maritime navigation warning qiong navigation warning 82 26 ¹ and from image fitting fig 1 frame 300 showing the divergent 22 halo the trajectory reconstruction here is rough no aerodynamics are used it is a purely geometric back projection with drag and reentry deceleration ignored so this is an approximate trajectory there is only one viewpoint so the direction to the source is constrained but its distance is not and the fit was done by eye so errors are large the observer was located at qishui bay from terrain in the video and the rednote post with a small cove ahead of them matched against google earth to find the coordinates 19 6416 n 110 9883 e as shown in fig 2 because the event was at night and low over the sea no calibration stars were available so the camera was calibrated against the terrain instead srtm 30 m dem data gives the three dimensional coordinates latitude longitude height of the surrounding landscape manually aligning the terrain outline visible in the video the two small hills on the left with the dem rendered terrain solves for the camera s field of view and pointing once calibrated any pixel in the frame can be converted to an azimuth and elevation five pixels along the glowing track were measured this way giving five sightlines the debris is assumed to move along a straight line in space however single station angles cannot fix the distance scale the official drop zone was therefore used as the trajectory endpoint and the distance to the debris at each of the five points was then solved by least squares the fitted points have a collinearity residual of about 1 3 km which is small compared with the roughly 200 km range although it should not be interpreted as a formal uncertainty the result places the glowing reentry low in the east southeast at roughly 70 to 34 km altitude and 230 to 195 km away this still rests on the assumption that the path is a straight line fig 2 google earth view of the observation site matching the terrain in the video the light passed through a layer of high cloud between the observer and the reentry himawari 9 cloud data for the nearest time 11 40 utc in fig 3 shows the sightlines crossing cirrus with tops around 13 to 15 km and an optical depth of roughly 0 5 to 1 4 this supports the presence of a suitable high cloud layer fig 3 himawari 9 cloud top height at 11 40 utc the parallel light halo data was generated with zhang jiajie s lumice and the divergent light display was then computed from it using lefaudeux s method² because of the poor quality of the original video and the presence of only a 22 halo the simulation used a single regular hexagonal crystal habit with a c a ratio of 2 5 several simplifications should be noted the simulation accounts for neither the brightness of the light source nor that of the halo and the optical transmittance of the cloud plays no role in it the ice crystals are assumed uniform throughout the cloud layer which was set between 13200 and 14700 m with a maximum simulated distance of 300 km from the observer the result is therefore meant only to show that the halo geometry matches the video not as a precise photometric comparison as can be seen in fig 4 the simulation aligns fairly well with the observation fig 4 frame 303 with the simulation result elevation 10 37 distance 195 8 km in divergent light the crystals that can send 22 halo rays have positions that form an elongated cigar shaped locus between the eye and the source known as minnaert s cigar a flat cloud layer therefore cuts this locus in different ways depending on the source elevation and distance divergent light halos from natural high cirrus are rare a case illuminated by a rocket reentry seems even more unusual a closely related case was published very recently by haussmann³ in which a bright fireball produced a 22 halo whose radius was shrunk to about 20 by divergent effect in that case however the source was near the zenith so the cirrus layer cut minnaert s cigar almost straight above and the halo remained circular only smaller here the source was low in the sky so the cloud layer cuts the cigar obliquely this is the slanted cut case that haussmann³ pointed to as probably not yet observed and it distorts the halo rather than simply shrinking it it should be noted that no measurement as accurate as haussmann s was possible here since there was no simultaneous parallel light halo in the same frame to serve as a reference the hainan event is only one of many possible divergent light configurations as the source elevation distance and halo type vary the minnaert cigar is cut in different ways producing shapes that have rarely or never been recorded to show how sensitive these forms are i include a few simulations below fig 5 shows an animated 22 halo with the source at 30 m distance and the cloud top at 100 m the cloud base rising from 0 to 3 m and the elevation set to 0 the halo shrinks into a light ball fig 5 22 halo source distance 30 m cloud top 100 m cloud base rising from 0 to 3 m fig 6 shows odd radius halos with an elevation of 1 a distance of 100 m and a cloud layer from 0 to 5 m fig 6 divergent odd radius halos fig 7 shows the diffuse halo of raypath 3 5 6 7 3 at elevation 25 6 distance 100 m and a cloud layer from 1 to 30 m the halo takes two forms one surrounds the whole horizon the other looks like a normal diffuse halo here the cigar subtends such a large angle that it looks like a tomato fig 8 raypath filtering was applied fig 7 divergent diffuse halos fig 8 a cigar with a radius of 140 all these examples assume the crystals are arranged in infinite flat layers in reality the crystals can be distributed in very different and interesting ways such as on windshields where the halo shapes depend dramatically on the lamp elevation and the windshield s position between observer and source marko riikonen has captured many such windshield cases including elliptical halos and reflection view displays an interactive html file is provided allowing the simulation to be viewed together with the video with tools to let the user experiment with the minnaert s cigars the original video and the simulation images are also included in the link https drive google com drive folders 1z8f5_hufuhpua_f9rq92fnds316jd3cz usp sharing acknowledgements i thank the chinese halo community for help in reaching the original poster s edimentary cloud 沉积云 for help with the divergent light simulation and song xi pei for help with the rocket data the original video is used with permission from the observer ai assistance was used in programming and some other parts of this work references ¹ qiong navigation warning 82 26 maritime safety administration of the people s republic of china qinglan msa issued 3 june 2026 https www msa gov cn html cnmsa hxaq article 2026 808345637af44bf3831ab02000ecc176 html ² n lefaudeux la simulation des halos divergents divergent light halos simulation opticsaround 27 july 2013 https opticsaround blogspot com 2013 07 la simulation des halos divergent html ³ a haussmann divergent light effects in ice crystal halos created by fireballs a case study of a 22 halo with a 20 radius appl opt 65 c42 c47 2026 https doi org 10 1364 ao 582021 j o mattsson l bärring and e almqvist experimenting with minnaert s cigar appl opt 39 3604 3611 2000 https doi org 10 1364 ao 39 003604 w tape windshield halos in streetlight halos 2010 chapter 13 https scholarworks alaska edu uaf_mathstats_facpubs 3 m riikonen 26 27 jan 2026 rovaniemi elliptical halo x https x com riikonenmarko status 2016261603444793506 posted by runnan lin at 06 30 1 comment email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest labels 22 halo china divergent light halo divergent light halos tuesday 19 may 2026 mikkilä s soul in high cloud hello from japan on march 28 i observed an anthelic pillar while flying over wakayama in japan this was unexpected as there were no reports from the ground that day of anything other than a 22 halo four stacked images were created from 71 photos captured over a three minute period 17 29 26 17 29 35 12 frames ave usm 17 29 39 17 29 59 10 frames 17 30 03 17 30 27 22 frames 17 30 28 17 30 53 23 frames aircraft altitude 9 000 m sun elevation 8 71 at first i thought this was a diffuse arc but it did not match the simulation as shown below as i pondered i came to think of mikkilä s soul as a possible answer another one was robert greenler s alternative parry orientation model let us consider this first as it can be simulated easily an appropriately tilted alternative parry orientation produces a pillar that is brightest at the anthelic point if we assume that the upper part is missing owing to the absence of cirrus clouds this pillar appears to be consistent with the observations to some extent that said this explanation is unrealistic assuming this is mikkilä s soul i first tried to identify the diffraction fringes however neither b r nor bgr showed any fringes i also checked the single frames to rule out possible misalignment in the stacking process but the results were the same the length of this pillar is 20 1 which raises the question of whether mikkilä s soul can really be this long the answer lies in the 2021 åre display if the soul extended to the subanthelic point it must have been at least 20 in length thehalovault blogspot com since there is no other plausible explanation this can be considered to be mikkilä s soul the soul is virtually unknown in japan and has never been observed there before this could be the first observation now then does the soul really shine brightest at the subanthelic point the image below shows the moment the soul s brightness peaks at the subanthelic point however it seems even brighter somewhat below the anthelic point is this simply due to the cloud s unevenness in the fourth image both the subanthelic and anthelic points are clearly located within the same cloud further understanding of the soul requires simulation as a side not...