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Text of the page (random words):
ne it was fast reliable and rather large the desire for a more economical system to fit the needs of smaller customers led to a first for tandem read more tags hp itanium mips tandem vlsi posted in cpu of the day june 5th 2017 by admin sifive fe310 setting the risc free sifive fe310 risc v processor early lsi sparc processor for size comparison both are based on u c berkeley risc designs the idea of risc reduced instruction set computer processors began in education specifically university of california berkeley in the early 1980 s and it was out universities that some of the most famous risc designs came mips still in use today started life as a project at stanford university and sparc made famous by sun and now made by oracle and fujitsu started life as a berkeley university project universities have continued to work with risc architectures for research and teaching the simplicity of risc makes them an ideal educational tool for learning how computers processors function at their basic levels by the late 1980 s risc had begun to become a commercial revolution with nearly every player having their own risc design amd 29k intel i960 hp pa risc weitek xl8000 mips sparc arm hitachi sh risc ibm power and others offered their take on the risc design most were proprietary while a few were licenseable none were open architectures for anyone to use unfortunately outside of the university risc processors are not as simple the architectures and their use may be but licensing them for the design is not it can often take more time and effort to license a modern risc processor then it does to actually implement it the costs to use these architectures both in time and money often prohibit their very use sifive fe310 sample donated by sifive full 32 bit risc on a 7 2mm 2 die in a 36mm 2 package it is out of this that sifive began sifive was founded by the creators of the first commercially successful open risc architecture known as risc v risc v was developed at berkeley fittingly in 2010 and was designed to be a truly useful general purpose risc processor easy to design with easy to code for and with enough features to be commercially useful not limited to the classroom it is called the risc v because it is the fifth risc design developed at berkeley risc i and risc ii being designed in 1981 followed by soar smalltalk on a risc in 1984 and spur symbolic processing using risc in 1988 risc v has already proved to be a success it is licensed freely and in a way bsd license that allows products that use it to be either open or proprietary one of the more well known users is nvidia which announced they are replacing their own proprietary falcon processors used in their gpus and tegra processors with risc v samsung qualcomm and others are already using risc v these cores are often so deeply embedded that their existence goes without mention but they are there working in the background to make whatever tech needs to work work the risc v architecture supports 122 instructions 98 of which are common to almost all prior risc designs and 18 common to a few six completely new instructions were added to handle unique attributes of the architecture using a 64 bit performance register in a 32 bit arch and to support a more powerful sign injection instruction which can be used for absolute value among other things it uses 31 32 bit registers register 0 is reserved for holding the constant 0 with optional support for 32 floating point registers true to the risc design it is a pure load store processor the only accesses to memory are via the load store instructions intel 4004 with 5 sifive risc processors the 4004 was meant for a calculator the fe310 is meant for whatever your mind may dream up sifive is unique among risc ip companies they not only license ip but also sell processors and dev boards the fe310 freedom everywhere 310 is a 320mhz risc v architecture with 16k of i cache and 16k of scratchpad ram fabbed by tsmc on a 180nm process even on this process which is now a commodity process the fe310 s efficient design results in a die size of only 2 65mm x 2 72mm on a standard 200mm wafer this results in 3500 die per wafer greatly helping lower the cost its an impressive chip and one that is completely open source what is more impressive is licensing sifive cores it is a simple and straightforward process the core 32 bit e31 or 64 bit e51 can be configured on sifive s site with pricing shown as you go the license is a simple 7 page document that can be signed and submitted online pricing starts at 275 000 and is a one time fee there are no continuing royalty payments the entire process can be completed in a week or less in comparison arm the biggest licensor of risc processors does not publish pricing charges 1 2 royalties on every chip made and has a license process that can take over a year the base fees start at around 1 million and go into the 10 s of millions depending on how you want to use the ip where it will be and for how long for many small companies and users this is simply not feasible and it is these smaller users that sifive wishes to work with licensing a processor for the next great tech should not be the hurdle that it has become many great ideas never make it to fruition due to these roadblocks we look forward to finding sifive processors and cores in all sorts of products in the future thanks to sifive for their generous donation of several fe310 processors to the cpu shack museum tags arm mips risc sifive sparc posted in cpu of the day february 27th 2014 by admin the unlikely tale of how arm came to rule the world bloomberg business week recently published an interesting article on arm s rise to power in the processing world there first major design win was a failed product known as the apple newton yet they would go on to become a powerhouse that is no challenging intel in arm s formative years the 1990 s the most popular risc processor was the mips architecture which powered high end computers by sgi while intel made super computers the paragon based on another risc design the i860 now nearly 2 decades later after intel abandoned their foray into the arm architecture strongarm and x scale risc is again challenging intel in the server market this time led by arm mips now owned by imagination is again turning out new ip cores to compete with arm and other embedded cores their warrior class processors are already providing 64 bit embedded processing power though with a lot less press that the likes of apple s a7 tags arm mips posted in processor news november 17th 2013 by admin itanium is dead and other processor news itanium sales forecasts vs reality itanium is dead is a phrase that has been used for over a decade in fact many claimed that the itanium experiment was dead before it even launched in 2001 the last hold out of the itanium architecture was hp likely because the itanium had a lot in common with its own pa risc however hp has announced that they will be transitioning their nonstop sever series to x86 presumably the new 15 core xeons intel is developing itanium was launched with goal of storming the server market billed as the next greatest thing it failed to make the inroads expected largely due to the 2 decades of x86 code it didnt support and poor initial compiler support many things were learned from itanium so though it will become but a footnote its technology will live on interestingly other architectures that seemed to be n the brink are getting continued support in new chips imagination known for their graphics ip purchased mips and now has announced the mips warrior p class core this core supports speeds of over 2ghz and is the first mips core with 128 bit simd support broadcom historically a mips powerhouse has announced a 64 bit arm server class processor with speeds of up to 3ghz perhaps ironic that arm is now being introduced into a market that itanium was designed for broadcom has an arm architecture license meaning they can roll their own designs that implement the arm instruction set similar to qualcomm and several others power continues to show its remarkable flexibility used by ibm in larger mainframes in the power7 and power8 implementations it crunches data at speeds up to 4 4ghz on the other end of the spectrum freescale formerly motorola one of the developers of the power architecture has announced the 1 8ghz quad core qoriq t2080 for control applications such as networking and other embedded use these days the power architecture is not often talked about at least in the embedded market but it continues to soldier on and be widely used lsi has used it in their fusion mpt raid controllers xilinx continues to offer it embedded in fpgas and bae continues to offer it in the form of the rad750 for space based applications perhaps it is this flexibility of use that has continued to allow architectures to be used itanium was very focused and did its one job very well same goes for the alpha architecture and the intel i860 all of which are now discontinued arm mips power x86 and a host of mcu architectures continue to be used because of their flexibility and large code bases so what architecture will be next to fall and will a truly new architecture be introduced that has the power and flexibility to stick around tags arm itanium mips power posted in processor news september 28th 2013 by admin realtek rtl8186 mips by lexra realtek rtl8186 lexra lx5280 mips with dsp extensions 2006 the mips architecture was created in 1985 from a project at stanford university it was one of the first licenseable architectures a company could buy a license and make their own mips architecture processors by the 1990 s this had become fairly common and many companies were making mips processors including performance semiconductor idt nec toshiba lsi and more in 1992 mips computer systems inc was bought by sgi in order to guarantee a supply a continued development of new mips designs for sgis computers it did continue to license the design to other companies as well fostering competition which helped lower prices for sgi in 1998 sgi spun off mips into its own company once again as sgi at the time had decided to move towards intel s itanium architecture this should sound familiar dec and the alpha suffered the same fate by 2008 mips was losing money and in 2013 what little remained having used most of their cash to buy and then sell at a loss chipidea of them was bought by imagination technologies makers of the powervr line of graphic solutions used notably in the apple iphone s a4 a5 a6 and likely a7 processors but there is a bit more to the story of mips a seemingly small chapter that very well could have changed history and certainly changed the success of mips in 1997 a small company called lexra was started lexra was a semiconductor intellectual property company they designed processors and licensed the designs what made lexra different is that they designed and licensed soft cores a soft core is an rtl register transfer level model of the processor it is usually written and delivered in an hdl hardware descriptive language such as verilog or vhdl and the purchaser may compile it down to whatever actual transistor level hardware they like this is exactly how arm works today but in 1997 arm only licensed hard cores cores already compiled down to the gate level and ready for implementation on a given fab process technology this allowed them to have tighter control over the design and its performance but made integration much harder into other products a soft core like lexra designed enabled rapid integration into a variety of socs and other applications lexra s chosen architecture was mips and that is where the story gets interesting read more tags lexra mips realtek posted in cpu of the day november 29th 2010 by admin broadcom s mips chips a lot of talk goes on about arm cores and their increasing use and speed while the market penetration shear speed and low power of arm cored devices is certainly amazing its important to not forget that their are other cores in wide use as well if not as glamorous the mips architecture was developed at around the same time as arm 1985 and actually enjoyed success in the market much sooner then arm did mips continues to be widely used in embedded applications expecially the mips 4000 architecture broadcom sibyte bcm1250b2k750 750mhz dual core mips broadcom is one of the largest users and producers of mips cores devices broadcom recently announced the brcm5000 mipss cpu core it can issue 2 instructions per cycle and at 40nm runs at at least 1 3ghz worst case speed it should handily clock to 2ghz given good process and part selection the core uses avs to scale voltage internally to find the perfect voltage speed combination on a part level basis broadcom chose to not use a multi core design as a multi core doubles die area almost doubles power but in typical applications does not double performance using a dual threaded design on a dual issue core does provide almost a doubling of performance at a minimum of die area die area being a huge concern when the core must be integrated into various products used for mobile devices the brcm5000 s predecessor the brcm3000 occupies a mere 1 square mm of die space at 40nm broadcom is not new to the mips seen they have been using them since the 1990 s when broadcom was founded since then they have continually enhanced their products via internal development as well as many acquisitions some of the more notable mips acquisitions were sibyte in 2000 who made high end mips network processors and the xilleon product line from ati amd in 2008 which made digital tv processor chips based on the mips core just recently broadcom closed their purchase of beceem a company that makes 4g chipsets based on the mips core mips continues to be used not just by broadcom microchip s pic32 line is in fact a mips r4k processor cavium networks rmi toshiba nec and sony all continue to use mips in a variety of products mips continues to try to penetrate the smartphone industry and if at all possible should the competition would help keep new innovations coming tags broadcom mips posted in uncategorized april 4th 2009 by admin sicortex energy efficient super computing sicortex is a supercomputer company or as they are called today high performance computers hpcs hpcs have traditionally taken vast amounts of room and vast amounts of power sicortex has changed that their fastest offers 5 832 1 4gflops 64 bit processors each dissipating just 900 milliwatts of power all interprocessor communications logic plus two ddr 2 memory controllers and pci express i o logic are on the same node chip with the multiple processor cores complete with its 8 terabytes of system memory the sc5832 fits in a single cabinet and only requires around 20 kilowatts of wall power sicortex node chip these nodes shown above each contain 6 mips64 cores running at 700mhz a pair of ddr2 memory con...