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cket id guide mediagx and geode cpu guide cyrix id cpu guide intel rapidcad cpu datasheet archive january 26th 2021 by admin the story of the soviet z80 processor before we get into the fascinating story of the soviet specifically the angstrem z80 clone it s good to understand a bit about the ic industry in the ussr there were many state run institutions within the ussr that were tasked with making ic s these included analogs of various western parts some with additional enhancements as well as domestically designed parts in some ways these institutions competed it was a matter of pride and funding to come out with new and better designs all within the confines of the soviet system there were also the various warsaw pact countries bulgaria czechoslovakia east germany hungary poland and romania that were aligned with the ussr but not part of it these countries had their own ic production outside of the auspices and direction of the ussr they mainly supplied their own local markets or within other warsaw pact countries but also on occasion provided ics to the ussr proper though one would assume an assortment of bureaucratic paperwork was needed for such transfers this resulted in some countries developing similar devices at rather different times or different countries focusing on different designs east germany was all in on the z80 romania poland and czechoslovakia made clones of the 8080 bulgaria the 6800 and 6502 they were though seperate from the ussr s own institutional system so while east germany had a working z80 in the early 1980 s the ussr did not it is this distinction we will focus on today this article is largely from guest author vladimir yakovlev translated from russian and edited expanded by me by the end of the 80s beginning of the 90s clones of the british sinclair zx spectrum computer a simple cheap computer with a huge library of games originally released in 1982 were being distributed in the ussr the strapping of the central processor instead of the original ula microcircuit was done on small logic microcircuits of the 555 74ls series and the like but the z80 itself had to be bought from abroad naturally the thought arose to start making the processor yourself after all the processor itself developed in 1976 for the microelectronic industry was not too complicated in 1990 the development of an analogue of the z80 was organized in zelenograd near moscow at the scientific research institute of precise technology niitt and the angstrem plant initially zelenograd was conceived as a center of the textile industry but was later reoriented to the development of electronics and microelectronics by nikita kruschev after he visited silicon valley california usa in 1959 to this day zelenograd has retained the status of a scientific center and the informal name russian silicon valley the chief designer was appointed yuri otrokhov who had previously led similar developments otrokhov who served as a tanker in his youth military service being mandatory in the ussr called the project the t34 microprocessor otrokhov t 34vm1 is the internal designation of the kr1858vm1 processor assigned by me at the stage of development and production in honor of my first tank on which i learned to drive here is one of the versions of the creation of the clone outlined by one of the employees of niitt at that time boris malashevich 1 otrokhov like his colleagues in the department knew how to develop original microprocessors but they had not yet had to reproduce analogs therefore the developers included specialists from niitt divisions who are able to restore the electrical circuit of the ic according to its topology for 9 months after four iterations they managed to make an nmos microprocessor t34vm1 km1858vm1 kr1858vm1 a complete analogue of the z80a microprocessor to be made using a 2 micron technology the original zilog version was on a 4 micron process while otrokhov and his team worked at angstrem to make a nmos z80 a similar team was working at transistor in minsk belarus to make a cmos version later known as the kr1858vm3 due to the incredible popularity and demand for the z80 many analogue manufacturers worked without a license so in total less than half of all z 80 produced were licensed products from zilog or its official partners sgs mostek etc from an interview with the creators of the z80 2 faggin yes we were concerned about others copying the z80 so i was trying to figure what we could do that that would be effective and that s when i came across an idea that if we use the depletion load the mask that doesn t leave any trace then i could create depletion load devices that look like enhancement mode devices and by doing that we could trick the customer into believing that a certain logic was implemented when it was not then i told shima shima this is the idea how to implement traps put traps you know figure out how to do the worst possible traps that you can imagine and then shima with his mind that was steel mind was able to actually figure out a bunch of traps that he could talk about shima i didn t count on talking about that mostly i placed six traps for stopping the copy of the layout by the copy maker and one transistor was added to existing enhancement transistors and i added a transistor looks like an enhancement transistor but if transistors are set to be always on state by the ion implantations it has a drastic effect on very much i heard from nec later the copy maker delayed the announcement of z80 compatible product for about six months that is what i got from nec and finally a total transistor of z80 became 8 200 while a total of transistor of 8080 was 4 800 in the course of the design due to the fact that the development team had specialists in both the creation of new ics and the reproduction of analogs zilog s tricks aimed at copy protection were identified and decrypted for example the topologist saw the 3 input nand gate element but this element worked as 2 input nand gate the topology and layout of the resulting clone was different but the functionality did not differ from the original at first it was possible to identify such traps making sure that the circuit was inoperable only by examining the circuit elements inside the die using probe analyzers but having understood the principle of constructing traps a mechanism for their detection was also developed as a result it was possible to make a full fledged analog of the z80 although the electrical circuit and topology of the t34mv1 had some differences the german connection read more tags angstrem soviet ussr z80 posted in cpu of the day july 10th 2014 by admin cpu of the day nec 78c11 sample and the 78k family nec upd78c11 es for mask rom most microcontrollers store the program they run in rom most of the time this rom takes the form of a mask rom this means that its set at the factory when the die is being made one layer or more of the die contains the rom and the program is hardcoded into the device development versions almost always exist that allow programs to be developed before the mass produced mask rom chip but still the mask must be tested this is such an example from nec it is a engineering sample of a upd78c11 made in 1988 the 78c11 and many others in the 78k family used a 64 pin quip quad inline package the 2 rows of staggered pins allowed for a 64 pin dip in a much smaller foot print the only problem was these chips are extremely delicate they were designed to be soldered in and never removed the standard package was plastic but for the sake of testing these are ceramic its a bid easier to place bond the dies on small batches on a ceramic package the nec 78k family was and continues to be very popular its current version the rl78 is made by renesas which was formed when mitsubishi hitachi and nec joined their semiconductor businesses 78k processors powered everything from word processors to washing machines and sewing machines now they are also commonly found in automotive applications nec upd7811g 1988 like many modern microcontroller families the nec 78k traces its lineage back to the 1970 s the family first appeared in 1980 as the upd7801 the 7801 was a microcomputer based on the nec 780 which was nec s version of the zilog z80 the 781x series released in 1982 expanded on the architecture by including an adc as well as a full 16 bit alu versus the 8 bit from the 780 and 780x that even supported 16 bit multiply and divide the 16 bit alu made it a simple task for nec to again extend the architecture to a 16 bit version the instruction set was similar though the naming was different then the z80 in 1985 nec moved the 78k line to a cmos process reducing power requirements and increasing the max clock from 12 to 15mhz the inclusion of many peripherals made the 78k a popular choice for many embedded applications its continued availability and wide code base have allowed it to continue to thrive and once again a modern mcu is based on a design from the 1970 s processor architectures rarely die they just continue morphing tags 78k engineering sample nec renesas z80 posted in cpu of the day january 17th 2014 by admin zilog packaging marketing kit zilog packages available in 1985 last week we showed you an educational kit from zilog showing the process involved in making and assembling a z80 processor from polished wafer to packaging zilog also made a kit for marketing the various packages used this kit contains a shrink dip 64 pin socket a shrink dip 64pin package a 48 pin dip and 40 pin dip all the common packages used at the time zilog packages z8 z80 z800 and z8000 at the time is a little hard to track down as no date is provided with this kit we can get very close though looking at the back where zilog lists which devices are available in these packages the usual z80 and z8000 series are both there as well as the z8 microcontroller family the one odd ball is the zilog z800 the z800 was an upgraded z80 released in 1985 adding on chip cache an mmu and a vastly expanded instruction set over 2000 instruction addressing modes it was wholly unsuccessful partly do to bad marketing by zilog and partly because it did more then it needed to it never entered mass production and by 1986 zilog has redesigned it converted the design to cmos from nmos and released it as the z280 which met the same fate as the z800 it seemed that making an overly complicated z80 wasn t what the market wanted the z180 designed by hitachi and the zilog ez80 released in 2001 have enjoyed much wider success mainly because they kept closer to the simplicity of the original z80 so when was this kit put together likely 1985 as the z800 was nly talked about for a few months before quietly being put away tags packages z80 z800 z8000 zilog posted in cpu of the day april 1st 2011 by admin osborne computer the rise and fall technologizer has published a very interesting article on osborne computers and its founder adam osborne osborne computers was started 30 years ago april 3rd 1981 they were the fastest growing and fastest failing company in silicon valley impressive even today adam osborne was one of the most important people in silicon valley along with bill gates and steve jobs his books in the 70 s are still invaluable resources for collectors i have several editions of an introduction to microcomputers which provide an invaluable reference to some of the chip designs of the 1970 s and early 1980 s the osborne 1 the first wildly successful portable was based on a zilog z80a processor and ran the then popular cp m os if it wasn t for cash flow problems osborne computers may very well have still been making computers today it is also interesting that mr osborne had a habit of picking designs that ended up to be not very successful he chose the zilog z8000 and intel 8089 i o processor as chips of the year in 1980 tags osborne z80 posted in just for fun museum news october 15th 2010 by admin zilog the first decade z80 z8 and the z8000 in 1974 federico faggin left intel after working on the 8 bit 8080 processor he formed a company called zilog and developed a much improved version of the 8080 called the z80 it was released in 1976 after only 18 months of design the z80 was faster cheaper and simpler to build around then the 8080 and enjoyed extremely wide use zilog designed the cpu but it was marketed differently than most at the time any company could purchase a license to the design and build them royalty free they were also free to do with the design as they pleased this resulted in dozens of companies making clones versions of it the soviets made unlicensed copies as well in fact other companies made more z80s then zilog did themselves zilog z 80 cpu 8400x cs 1979 2 5mhz the z80 was not the only processor that zilog made some of the processors part numbering can be a bit confusing so we ll look at each family and part that zilog made up through 1985 after 1985 cmos designs came out as well as dozens of variations we just want to look at the first ten years of zilog zilog z8300 3ps 1984 2 5mhz the z80 itself was of course similar to the 8080 but single voltage and only required a single clock phase it was available in speeds of 2 5 8mhz zilog also made a low power version known as the z80l z8300 that ran from 1 2 5mhz that s really all there was to the z80 family up through 1985 read more tags z8 z80 z8000 zilog posted in research february 20th 2009 by admin zilog strips down to its core in a recent deal to try to solve their cash problems and streamline profitability zilog sold off its secure transaction products namely 32bit arm processors to maxim who through the purchase of dallas makes many mcs 51 controllers they also sold off their wireless division to maxim and the software portion of this to a company called uei what does this leave essentially the classic z80 processor that has been around for the last 33 years and all the related extentions there of old designs tend to stick around for a long time and the z80 is no exception source ee times tags maxim z80 posted in processor manufacturers processor news rss feeds the largest cpu museum in my daily hunt for new processors and other chips for the museum as well as information about new chips i constantly come across interesting chips in strange locations here you will get a chance to learn where many of the chips in the museum come from and what they are latest cpu images here they are sorted by manufacturer technically brand and thumbnails are now working you may also view them in raw directory form here and a few that didnt make it into the gallery here ebay deals clicking a link to ebay may result in a referral commission being paid if a purchase is made loading tags 2901 6502 6800 alu amd apple arm atmel bit slice cyrix dec dsp embedded eprom fairchild hp ibm intel lsi lsi 11 mcm mcs 51 mcu mil std 1750a mips motorola national semiconductor nec nvidia pdp 11 philips pic powerpc qualcomm 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