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Text of the page (random words):
n reference java reference c reference c reference colors color names php reference html dom reference mysql reference w3 css reference bootstrap 3 reference bootstrap 4 reference node js reference django reference jquery reference vue attributes angular reference sass reference xml reference json reference asp reference icons reference svg reference canvas reference charsets reference emojis reference appml reference w3 js reference exercises practice and test your skills with different exercises tip sign in to track your progress select another topic html exercises css exercises javascript exercises sql exercises python exercises java exercises c exercises c exercises c exercises php exercises react exercises mysql exercises excel exercises dsa exercises bootstrap 3 exercises bootstrap 4 exercises bootstrap 5 exercises node js exercises typescript exercises django exercises postgresql exercises jquery exercises numpy exercises pandas exercises angular exercises git exercises mongodb exercises r exercises go exercises kotlin exercises swift exercises vue exercises scipy exercises bash exercises choose an activity back to topics tip sign in to track your progress get certified w3schools certificates html css javascript sql python java c c c php react mysql excel dsa w3 css bootstrap 3 bootstrap 4 bootstrap 5 node js typescript django postgresql jquery vue numpy pandas xml cyber security accessibility angularjs git mongodb r go kotlin sass scipy bash rust all our services dark mode services filter input w3schools offers a wide range of services and products for beginners and professionals helping millions of people everyday to learn and master new skills free tutorials enjoy our free tutorials like millions of other internet users since 1999 references explore our selection of references covering all popular coding languages w3schools app new for ios android start a new learning adventure create a website create your own website with w3schools spaces no setup required exercises test your skills with different exercises quizzes test yourself with multiple choice questions code challenges test your skills with interactive code challenges get certified document your knowledge log in sign up create an account to track your progress league earn xp and climb the ranks with different challenges upgrade become a plus user and unlock powerful features ad free hosting support where to start not sure where you want to start follow our guided path code editor try it with our online code editor you can edit code and view the result in your browser templates we have created a bunch of responsive website templates you can use for free web hosting host your own website and share it to the world with w3schools spaces create a server create your own server using python php react js node js java c etc how to s large collection of code snippets for html css and javascript css framework build fast and responsive sites using our free w3 css framework videos learn the basics of html in a fun and engaging video tutorial browser statistics read long term trends of browser usage typing speed test your typing speed color picker use our color picker to find different rgb hex and hsl colors newsletter join our newsletter and get access to exclusive content every month emojis reference check out our refererence page with all the emojis supported in html code game w3schools coding game help the lynx collect pine cones utf 8 reference check out our full utf 8 character reference community chat learn and connect with us on discord academy contact us about w3schools academy for educational institutions for businesses contact us about w3schools academy for your organization contact us about sales sales w3schools com about errors help w3schools com html css javascript sql python java php c c c aws w3 css how to bootstrap react mysql jquery excel xml django numpy pandas nodejs dsa typescript angular angularjs git postgresql mongodb asp ai r go kotlin swift sass vue gen ai scipy cybersecurity data science intro to programming intro to html css bash rust tools sql tutorial sql home sql intro sql syntax sql select sql select distinct sql where sql order by sql and sql or sql not sql insert into sql null values sql update sql delete sql select top sql aggregate functions sql min sql max sql count sql sum sql avg sql like sql wildcards sql in sql between sql aliases sql joins sql inner join sql left join sql right join sql full join sql self join sql union sql union all sql group by sql having sql exists sql any sql all sql select into sql insert into select sql case sql null functions sql stored procedures sql comments sql operators sql database sql create db sql drop db sql backup db sql create table sql drop table sql alter table sql constraints sql not null sql unique sql primary key sql foreign key sql check sql default sql create index sql auto increment sql dates sql views sql injection sql parameters sql prepared statements sql hosting sql cert sql certificate sql references sql data types sql keywords add add constraint all alter alter column alter table alter view and any as asc backup database between case check column constraint create create database create index create or replace view create table create procedure create unique index create view database default delete desc distinct drop drop column drop constraint drop database drop default drop index drop table drop view exec exists foreign key from full outer join group by having in index inner join insert into insert into select is null is not null join left join like limit not not null or order by outer join primary key procedure right join rownum select select distinct select into select top set table top truncate table union union all unique update values view where mysql functions string functions ascii char_length character_length concat concat_ws field find_in_set format insert instr lcase left length locate lower lpad ltrim mid position repeat replace reverse right rpad rtrim space strcmp substr substring substring_index trim ucase upper numeric functions abs acos asin atan atan2 avg ceil ceiling cos cot count degrees div exp floor greatest least ln log log10 log2 max min mod pi pow power radians rand round sign sin sqrt sum tan truncate date functions adddate addtime curdate current_date current_time current_timestamp curtime date datediff date_add date_format date_sub day dayname dayofmonth dayofweek dayofyear extract from_days hour last_day localtime localtimestamp makedate maketime microsecond minute month monthname now period_add period_diff quarter second sec_to_time str_to_date subdate subtime sysdate time time_format time_to_sec timediff timestamp to_days week weekday weekofyear year yearweek advanced functions bin binary case cast coalesce connection_id conv convert current_user database if ifnull isnull last_insert_id nullif session_user system_user user version sql server functions string functions ascii char charindex concat concat with concat_ws datalength difference format left len lower ltrim nchar patindex quotename replace replicate reverse right rtrim soundex space str stuff substring translate trim unicode upper numeric functions abs acos asin atan atn2 avg ceiling count cos cot degrees exp floor log log10 max min pi power radians rand round sign sin sqrt square sum tan date functions current_timestamp dateadd datediff datefromparts datename datepart day getdate getutcdate isdate month sysdatetime year advanced functions cast coalesce convert current_user iif isnull isnumeric nullif session_user sessionproperty system_user user_name ms access functions string functions asc chr concat with curdir format instr instrrev lcase left len ltrim mid replace right rtrim space split str strcomp strconv strreverse trim ucase numeric functions abs atn avg cos count exp fix format int max min randomize rnd round sgn sqr sum val date functions date dateadd datediff datepart dateserial datevalue day format hour minute month monthname now second time timeserial timevalue weekday weekdayname year other functions currentuser environ isdate isnull isnumeric sql quick ref sql examples sql examples sql editor sql quiz sql exercises sql server sql syllabus sql study plan sql training sql keywords reference previous next this sql keywords reference contains the reserved words in sql share link copied sql keywords keyword description add adds a column in an existing table add constraint adds a constraint after a table is already created all returns true if all of the subquery values meet the condition alter adds deletes or modifies columns in a table or changes the data type of a column in a table alter column changes the data type of a column in a table alter table adds deletes or modifies columns in a table alter view updates a view and only includes rows where both conditions is true any returns true if any of the subquery values meet the condition as renames a column or table with an alias asc sorts the result set in ascending order backup database creates a back up of an existing database between selects values within a given range case creates different outputs based on conditions check a constraint that limits the value that can be placed in a column column changes the data type of a column or deletes a column in a table constraint adds or deletes a constraint create creates a database index view table or procedure create database creates a new sql database create index creates an index on a table allows duplicate values create or replace view updates a view create table creates a new table in the database create procedure creates a stored procedure create unique index creates a unique index on a table no duplicate values create view creates a view based on the result set of a select statement database creates or deletes an sql database default a constraint that provides a default value for a column delete deletes rows from a table desc sorts the result set in descending order distinct selects only distinct different values drop deletes a column constraint database index table or view drop column deletes a column in a table drop constraint deletes a unique primary key foreign key or check constraint drop database deletes an existing sql database drop default deletes a default constraint drop index deletes an index in a table drop table deletes an existing table in the database drop view deletes a view exec executes a stored procedure exists tests for the existence of any record in a subquery foreign key a constraint that is a key used to link two tables together from specifies which table to select or delete data from full outer join returns all rows when there is a match in either left table or right table group by groups the result set used with aggregate functions count max min sum avg having used instead of where with aggregate functions in check if a specified column s value matches any value within a provided list index creates or deletes an index in a table inner join returns rows that have matching values in both tables insert into inserts new rows in a table insert into select copies data from one table into another table is null tests for empty values is not null tests for non empty values join joins tables left join returns all rows from the left table and the matching rows from the right table like searches for a specified pattern in a column limit specifies the number of records to return in the result set not only includes rows where a condition is not true not null a constraint that enforces a column to not accept null values or includes rows where either condition is true order by sorts the result set in ascending or descending order outer join returns all rows when there is a match in either left table or right table primary key a constraint that uniquely identifies each record in a database table procedure a stored procedure right join returns all rows from the right table and the matching rows from the left table rownum specifies the number of records to return in the result set select selects data from a database select distinct selects only distinct different values select into copies data from one table into a new table select top specifies the number of records to return in the result set set specifies which columns and values that should be updated in a table table creates a table or adds deletes or modifies columns in a table or deletes a table or data inside a table top specifies the number of records to return in the result set truncate table deletes the data inside a table but not the table itself union combines the result set of two or more select statements only distinct values union all combines the result set of two or more select statements allows duplicate values unique a constraint that ensures that all values in a column are unique update updates existing rows in a table values specifies the values of an insert into statement view creates updates or 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