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2 09 aged 49 dülmen kingdom of prussia german confederation venerated in catholic church beatified 3 october 2004 basilica of saint peter vatican city by pope john paul ii feast 9 february attributes bedridden with bandaged head and holding a crucifix anne catherine emmerich crv also anna katharina emmerick 8 september 1774 9 february 1824 was a catholic augustinian canoness of the congregation of windesheim during her lifetime she was a mystic marian visionary and stigmatist 1 emmerich was born in flamschen an impoverished farming community at coesfeld in the diocese of münster westphalia germany and died in dülmen aged 49 where she had lived bedridden as a nun emmerich purportedly experienced visions of the life and passion of jesus christ revealed to her by the blessed virgin mary during religious ecstasy 2 during her bedridden years a number of well known contemporaries visited her 1 the poet clemens maria brentano interviewed her at length and wrote several pages based on his notes of her description of the visions 3 the authenticity of brentano s writings has been questioned and critics have characterized the books as conscious elaborations by a poet 4 5 writing in l osservatore romano jose saraiva martins declared the writings attributed to her the artistic fantasy of brentano 6 pope john paul ii beatified emmerich on 3 october 2004 highlighting her notable virtues and deep catholic piety 1 the purported house of the virgin mary in ephesus is piously associated with her name early life edit the preserved birth house of anne catherine emmerich in coesfeld flamschen emmerich was born into a family of impoverished farmers and had nine brothers and sisters the family s surname was derived from an ancestral town from an early age she helped with the house and farm work her schooling was rather brief but all those who knew her noticed that she felt drawn to prayer from an early age 1 at twelve she started to work at a large farm in the vicinity for three years and later learned to be a seamstress and worked as such for several years 7 she applied for admission to various convents but she was rejected because she could not afford a dowry eventually the order of saint clare in münster agreed to accept her provided she would learn to play the musical organ she went to the organist söntgen in coesfeld to study music and learn to play the organ but the poverty of the söntgen family prompted her to sacrifice her small savings in an effort to help them 7 later one of the söntgen daughters entered the convent with her 1 religious life edit in 1802 emmerich aged 28 and her friend klara söntgen were finally permitted to join the augustinian nuns at the convent of agnetenberg in dülmen the following year emmerich took her religious vows 1 in the convent she became known for her strict observance of the order s rule but from the beginning to 1811 she was often quite ill and suffered great pain at times her zeal and strict adherence to the convent s rules disturbed some of the more tepid sisters who were also puzzled by her weak health and religious ecstasies 7 when the king of westphalia jérôme bonaparte suppressed the convent in 1812 all the nuns were forced to leave she sought and found refuge in the house of a widow 7 imposition of the stigmata edit part of a series on christian mysticism theology and philosophy apophatic ascetical cataphatic catholic spirituality hellenistic mystical theology neoplatonic henosis practices monasticism asceticism mendicant stylite eastern new silence spiritual direction meditation meditation lectio divina invoking of mystic saints active asceticism contemplation hesychasm jesus prayer quietism stages of christian perfection hesychia divinization catharsis theosis kenosis spiritual dryness religious ecstasy passive asceticism abstinence esoteric charismatic martinism people by era or century antiquity ancient african origen thomasines gregory of nyssa pseudo dionysius desert fathers paul of thebes anthony the great arsenius the great poemen macarius of egypt moses the black syncletica athanasius john chrysostom hilarion john cassian 11th 12th bernard of clairvaux guigo ii hildegard of bingen symeon the new theologian sava i of serbia 13th 14th dominican dominic de guzmán franciscan francis of assisi anthony of padua bonaventure jacopone da todi angela of foligno english richard rolle walter hilton julian of norwich margery kempe flemish beatrice of nazareth lutgardis hadewijch john van ruysbroeck german meister eckhart johannes tauler henry suso female beatrice of nazareth bridget of sweden catherine of siena gertrude the great mechthild of magdeburg marguerite porete 15th 16th spanish ignatius of loyola francisco de osuna john of ávila teresa of ávila john of the cross others catherine of genoa 17th 18th french margaret mary alacoque pierre de bérulle jean jacques olier louis de montfort charles de condren john eudes john of st samson others mary of jesus of ágreda paul of the cross anne catherine emmerich veronica giuliani francis de sales 19th dina bélanger catherine labouré mélanie calvat maximin giraud bernadette soubirous conchita de armida luisa piccarreta mary of the divine heart thérèse of lisieux gemma galgani 20th padre pio therese neumann marthe robin alexandrina of balazar faustina kowalska sister lúcia of fátima edgar cayce simone weil alfred delp thomas merton charles de foucauld edvige carboni elena aiello edith stein contemporary papal views aspects of meditation orationis formas 1989 reflection on the new age 2003 literature and media lingua ignota ordo virtutum scivias ascent of mount carmel dark night of the soul spiritual canticle way of perfection book of the first monks the interior castle abbey of the holy ghost a dialogue of comfort against tribulation from willow creek to sacred heart the glories of mary the imitation of christ the ladder of divine ascent philokalia revelations of divine love the story of a soul theologia germanica devotio moderna fatima in lucia s own words calls from the message of fatima the miracle of our lady of fatima sol de fátima the cloud of unknowing on the consolation of philosophy the mirror of simple souls sister catherine treatise tractatus de purgatorio sancti patricii the vision of adamnán divine comedy inferno purgatorio paradiso fatima v t e in early 1813 marks of the stigmata were reported on emmerich s body the parish priest called in two doctors to examine her when word of the phenomenon spread three months later he notified the vicar general with the news causing considerable talk in the town the ecclesiastical authorities conducted a lengthy investigation many doctors wished to examine the case and although efforts were made to discourage the curious there were also visitors whose rank or status gained them entry 8 during this time the poet and romanticist clemens brentano first visited emmerich at the end of 1818 the periodic bleeding of emmerich s hands and feet had stopped and the wounds had closed while many in the community viewed the stigmata as real others claimed that emmerich was an impostor and that she conspired with others to perpetrate her fraud in august 1819 the civil authorities intervened and moved emmerich to a different house where she was kept under observation for three weeks the members of the commission could find no evidence of fraud yet her stigmata continued the commission members thus became divided in their opinions 8 the cross on her breastbone had the unusual shape of a y similar to a cross in the local church of coesfeld the english priest herbert thurston surmised that the subjective impressions of the stigmatic exercise a preponderating influence upon the manifestations which appear exteriorly 8 and suggested that this phenomena is described in the works of the augustinian catholic priest john of ruusbroec however this supposition is purely conjectural purported apparitions edit a nuclear image of the blessed trinity following the descriptions of emmerich the lines define different spectrums of light unknown to color as a young child emmerich claimed to have visions in which she talked with jesus and saw the souls in purgatory she further described the essence of the holy trinity in the form of three concentric interpenetrating full spheres the largest but dimmest of the spheres represented the father core the medium sphere the son core and the smallest and brightest sphere the holy spirit core each sphere of omnipresent god is extended toward infinity beyond god s core placed in heaven brentano s writings also suggest that during an illness in emmerich s childhood she was visited by the child jesus who told her of plants she should ingest in order to heal including morning glory flower juice which is known to contain ergine a number of figures who were influential in the renewal movement of the church early in the 19th century came to visit emmerich among them clemens august von droste zu vischering the future archbishop of cologne johann michael sailer the bishop of ratisbon since 1803 the sole surviving elector spiritual of the holy roman empire bernhard overberg and authors luise hensel and friedrich stolberg 1 the former vicar general of the archdiocese clemens von droste stated that emmerich a special friend of god in a letter he wrote to stolberg 1 according to clemens maria brentano edit the reconstruction of emmerich s room with the original furniture at the holy cross church in dülmen germany at the time of emmerich s second examination in 1819 brentano visited her he claimed that she told him he was sent to help her fulfill god s command to express in writing the revelations she had received brentano became one of emmerich s many supporters believing her to be a chosen bride of christ professor andrew weeks claims that brentano s own personal complexes were a factor in substituting emmerich as a maternal figure in his own life 3 from 1819 until emmerich s death in 1824 brentano filled many notebooks with accounts of her visions including scenes from the new testament and the life of the virgin mary because emmerich only spoke the westphalian dialect brentano could not transcribe her words directly and often could not even take notes in her presence 9 so he would quickly write notes in standard german when he returned to his own apartment based on what he remembered of the conversations he had with emmerich 9 brentano edited the notes later years after the death of emmerich 9 about ten years after emmerich had recounted her visions brentano completed editing his records for publication 9 in 1833 he published his first volume the dolorous passion of our lord jesus christ according to the meditations of anne catherine emmerich brentano then prepared the life of the blessed virgin mary from the visions of anna catherine emmerich for publication but he died in 1842 the book was published posthumously in 1852 in munich catholic priest karl schmoger edited brentano s manuscripts and from 1858 to 1860 he published the three volumes of the life of our lord in 1881 a large illustrated edition was published schmoger also penned a biography of anne catherine emmerich in two volumes from 1867 to 1870 it has since been republished in english language editions the vatican does not endorse the authenticity of the books written by brentano 10 11 however it has declared the general message of these books as an outstanding proclamation of the gospel in service to salvation 12 other critics have been less sympathetic characterizing his books as the conscious elaborations of an overwrought romantic poet 3 some argue that these writings indicate racist beliefs and contain a clear antisemitic strain throughout 13 for example noah s son ham is portrayed as the progenitor of the black idolatrous stupid nations of the world also in the dolorous passion it is implied that jews strangled christian children and used their blood for all sorts of suspicious and diabolical practices 14 claims of forgery edit the tomb of anne catherine at the church of the most holy cross in dülmen germany when the case for emmerich s beatification was submitted to the vatican in 1892 a number of experts in germany began to compare and analyze brentano s original notes from his personal library with the books he had written 4 the analysis revealed various apocryphal biblical sources maps and travel guides among his papers these could have been used to exaggerate or embellish some of emmerich s narrations 4 in 1923 the german catholic priest winfried hümpfner who had compared brentano s original notes to the published books wrote in his theological thesis that brentano had fabricated much of the material he had attributed to emmerich 5 15 by 1928 the experts had come to the conclusion that only a small portion of brentano s books could be safely attributed to emmerich 4 5 at the time of emmerich s beatification in 2004 the vatican s position on the authenticity of the brentano books was elucidated by priest peter gumpel who was involved in the study of the issues for the congregation for the causes of the saints it is absolutely not certain that she ever wrote this there is a serious problem of authenticity 5 10 11 according to gumpel the writings attributed to emmerich were absolutely discarded by the vatican as part of her beatification process 4 jose saraiva martins who at the time of the beatification of emmerich was the prefect of the congregation for the causes of saints declared the writings attributed to her the artistic fantasy of brentano and stated that they played no role in her beatification 6 death and burial edit emmerich began to grow weaker during the summer of 1823 she died on 9 february 1824 in dülmen and was buried in the graveyard outside the town with a large number of people attending her funeral 1 her grave was reopened twice in the weeks following the funeral due to a false rumor that her body had been desecrated and stolen but the coffin and the body were found to be intact 1 7 in february 1975 emmerich s mortal remains were permanently moved to the church of the holy cross in dülmen due to the cult of piety established after her death most especially amongst traditionalist catholics slips of paper with thanksgiving or personal intentions are collected at her tombstone and burned annually on easter sunday the house of the virgin mary edit house of the virgin mary now a chapel in ephesus turkey neither brentano nor emmerich had ever been to ephesus and indeed the city had not yet been excavated but visions contained in the life of the blessed virgin mary were used during the discovery of the house of the virgin mary the blessed virgin s supposed home before her assumption located on a hill near ephesus as described in the book mary s house 16 emmerich described mary s house 17 the blessed virgin s dwelling was not in ephesus itself but from three to four hours distant it stood on a height upon which sever...
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