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oggle transport subsection 13 1 rail 13 2 public transportation 13 3 cycling 13 4 air transportation 14 notable people 15 twin towns sister cities 16 see also 17 notes and references toggle notes and references subsection 17 1 notes 17 2 references 18 further reading 19 external links toggle the table of contents mainz 133 languages afrikaans alemannisch አማርኛ aragonés ænglisc العربية الدارجة مصرى asturianu kotava aymar aru azərbaycanca تۆرکجه basa bali boarisch bikol central беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা brezhoneg bosanski català нохчийн cebuano کوردی čeština чӑвашла cymraeg dansk deutsch zazaki dolnoserbski ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi føroyskt français nordfriisk frysk gaeilge gàidhlig galego 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 hausa 客家語 hak kâ ngî עברית हिन्दी hrvatski hornjoserbsce magyar հայերեն interlingua bahasa indonesia interlingue ido íslenska italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული kongo қазақша 한국어 kurdî kernowek кыргызча latina lëtzebuergesch limburgs ligure ladin lombard lietuvių latviešu malagasy македонски монгол मराठी bahasa melayu plattdüütsch nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan ирон deitsch pälzisch polski piemontèis پنجابی پښتو português runa simi rumantsch română русский sardu sicilianu scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina shqip српски srpski seeltersk svenska kiswahili ślůnski ไทย tagalog türkçe татарча tatarça chitumbuka українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vepsän kel tiếng việt volapük winaray 吴语 ייִדיש yorùbá zeêuws 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 49 59 58 n 08 16 25 e 49 99944 n 8 27361 e 49 99944 8 27361 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia capital of rhineland palatinate germany this article is about the city in germany for the light cruiser see sms mainz for the mainz sword see gladius for the school see music and audio institute of new zealand city in rhineland palatinate germany mainz määnz meenz hessian city view of mainz cathedral from wiesbaden houses on market square old town st peter osteiner hof drususstein mainz cathedral and rhine upper rhine roman theatre flag coat of arms location of mainz mainz location within germany show map of germany mainz location within rhineland palatinate show map of rhineland palatinate coordinates 49 59 58 n 08 16 25 e 49 99944 n 8 27361 e 49 99944 8 27361 country germany state rhineland palatinate district urban district founded 13 12 bc subdivisions 15 boroughs government lord mayor 2023 31 nino haase 1 ind area total 97 75 km 2 37 74 sq mi highest elevation 285 m 935 ft lowest elevation 85 m 279 ft population 2024 12 31 2 total 222 889 density 2 280 km 2 5 906 sq mi time zone utc 01 00 cet summer dst utc 02 00 cest postal codes 55116 55131 dialling codes 06131 06136 vehicle registration mz website www mainz de unesco world heritage site official name shum sites of speyer worms and mainz type cultural criteria ii iii iv designated 2021 reference no 1636 mainz german maɪnts ⓘ see below is the capital and largest city of the german state of rhineland palatinate and with around 223 000 inhabitants 3 it is germany s 35th largest city it lies in the rhine main metropolitan region germany s second largest metropolitan region after rhine ruhr which also encompasses the cities of frankfurt am main wiesbaden darmstadt offenbach am main and hanau mainz is located at the northern end of the upper rhine plain on the left bank of the rhine it is the largest city of rhenish hesse a region of rhineland palatinate that was historically part of hesse and is one of germany s most important wine regions because of its mild climate mainz is connected to frankfurt am main by the rhine main s bahn rapid transit system before 1945 mainz had six boroughs on the other side of the rhine see de rechtsrheinische stadtteile von mainz three have been incorporated into wiesbaden see de akk konflikt and three are now independent mainz was founded as castrum mogontiacum by roman general nero claudius drusus in the 1st century bc on the northern frontier of the roman empire and became the capital of the roman province of germania superior the city was settled by the franks from 459 on and in the 8th century it became an important city within the holy roman empire as capital of the electorate of mainz and seat of the archbishop elector of mainz the primate of germany mainz cathedral is one of the three rhenish imperial cathedrals along with speyer cathedral and worms cathedral since the 12th century mainz was one of the shum cities de a league formed by the cities of speyer worms and mainz which are referred to as the cradle of ashkenazi jewish life and as the center of jewish life during medieval times the jewish heritage of these cities is one of a kind and has been declared the unesco world heritage site of shum sites of speyer worms and mainz de 4 mainz is the birthplace of johannes gutenberg who invented the printing press and introduced letterpress printing to europe starting the global spread of the printing press mainz was heavily damaged in world war ii more than 30 air raids destroyed around half of the old town in the city centre but many buildings were rebuilt post war like most cities in the rhineland mainz holds extensive carnival celebrations which are known as the second most important in germany after the celebrations in cologne the borough of lerchenberg is the seat of zdf zweites deutsches fernsehen lit second german television the second most important german public service television broadcaster as well as of 3sat another television broadcaster that is jointly operated by public broadcasters from germany ard and zdf austria orf and switzerland srg ssr names and etymology edit although the city is situated opposite the mouth of the main the name of mainz is not from main the similarity being perhaps reinforced by folk etymological reanalysis main is from latin moenis also moenus or menus the name the romans used for the river linguistic analysis of the many forms that the name mainz has taken on makes it clear that it is a simplification of mogontiacum 5 the name appears to be celtic 6 although it had also become roman and was selected by them with a special significance 6 the roman soldiers defending gallia had adopted the gallic god mogons mogounus moguns mogonino for the meaning of which etymology offers two basic options the great one similar to latin magnus which was used in aggrandizing names such as alexander magnus alexander the great and pompeius magnus pompey the great or the god of might personified as it appears in young servitors of any type whether of noble or ignoble birth a mainz has a number of different names in other languages and dialects in latin it is known as mogontiacum pronounced mɔɡɔnˈti akũː or moguntiacum and in the local hessian dialect it is määnz mɛːnt͡s or meenz meːnt͡s it is known as mayence majɑ̃s in french magonza maˈɡontsa 7 in italian maguncia maˈɣunθja in spanish mogúncia muˈɣũsjɐ in portuguese moguncja mɔˈɡunt͡sja in polish magentza מגנצא in hebrew and mohuč in czech and slovak czech pronunciation ˈmoɦutʃ 8 before the 20th century mainz was commonly known in the anglosphere either as mentz its english version or by its french version mayence it is the namesake of two american cities named mentz 9 geography edit topography edit mainz is on the 50th latitude north on the left bank of the rhine 10 11 the east of the city is opposite where the main falls into it 10 as of 2021 update the population was 217 272 10 the city is part of the frankfurtrheinmain area of 5 9 million people 12 mainz can easily be reached from frankfurt international airport in 30 minutes by commuter railway or regional trains re 2 re 3 rb 31 13 the river port of mainz is located on the rhine and thus on one of the most important waterways in germany 14 the container port hub is north of the town centre 14 after the last ice age sand dunes were deposited in the rhine valley at what was to become the western edge of the city the mainz sand dunes area is now a nature reserve with a unique landscape and rare steppe vegetation for this area 15 16 while the mainz legion camp was founded in 13 12 bc on the kästrich hill the associated vici and canabae civilian settlements were erected towards the rhine historical sources and archaeological findings both prove the importance of the military and civilian mogontiacum as a port city on the rhine 17 view north along the rhine with the old winterhafen in the lower right and the former port facilities further north satellite view of mainz south of the rhine and wiesbaden line showing 50 north latitude on the gutenbergplatz climate edit mainz features a temperate oceanic climate köppen cfb trewartha dobk the city is one of the warmest in germany in winter 18 history edit for a chronological guide see timeline of mainz roman mogontiacum edit main article roman mogontiacum remains of a roman town gate from the late 4th century the drusus monument or drususstein surrounded by the 17th century citadel raised by the troops of nero claudius drusus to commemorate him remains of the roman aqueduct of mogontiacum the roman stronghold or castrum mogontiacum the precursor to mainz was founded by the roman general drusus perhaps as early as 13 12 bc as related by suetonius the existence of mogontiacum is well established by four years later the account of the death and funeral of nero claudius drusus mogontiacum was an important military town throughout roman times probably due to its strategic position at the confluence of the main and the rhine 19 the town of mogontiacum grew up between the fort and the river the castrum was the base of legio xiv gemina and xvi gallica ad 9 43 xxii primigenia iv macedonica 43 70 i adiutrix 70 88 xxi rapax 70 89 and xiv gemina 70 92 among others mainz was also a base of a roman river fleet the classis germanica remains of roman troop ships navis lusoria and a patrol boat from the late 4th century were discovered in 1982 1986 and may now be viewed in the museum of ancient seafaring a temple dedicated to isis panthea and magna mater was discovered in 2000 20 and is open to the public the city was the provincial capital of germania superior and had an important funeral monument dedicated to drusus to which people made pilgrimages for an annual festival from as far away as lyon among the famous buildings were the largest theatre north of the alps and a bridge across the rhine the city was also the site of the assassination of emperor severus alexander in 235 alemanni forces under rando sacked the city in 368 from the last day of 405 21 or 406 the siling and asding vandals the suebi the alans and other germanic tribes crossed the rhine possibly at mainz christian chronicles relate that the bishop aureus was put to death by the alemannian crocus 22 throughout the changes of time the roman castrum never seems to have been permanently abandoned as a military installation which is a testimony to roman military judgement different structures were built there at different times the current citadel originated in 1660 but it replaced previous forts it was used in world war ii one of the sights at the citadel is still the cenotaph raised by legionaries to commemorate their general drusus 23 frankish mainz edit gold solidus of the frankish king theudebert i mainz mint c 534 in the 4th century alemans repeatedly invaded the neighborhood of mogontiacum 24 in 357 the city was liberated by the emperor julian 24 the last emperor to station troops serving the western empire at mainz was valentinian iii reigned 425 455 who relied heavily on his magister militum per gallias flavius aëtius in 451 attila s huns sacked the city 24 the franks from the middle and upper rhine area took mainz shortly before 460 25 after the fall of the western roman empire in 476 the franks under the rule of clovis i gained control over western europe by the year 496 26 clovis son of childeric became king of the salians in 481 ruling from tournai 27 he converted from paganism to catholic christianity 27 theudebert i c 500 547 or 548 had installed sidonius de 28 as bishop of mainz 29 dagobert i 605 603 639 reinforced the walls of mainz 30 31 charlemagne 768 814 through a succession of wars against other tribes built a vast frankish empire in europe mainz from its central location became important to the empire and to christianity 32 meanwhile language change was gradually working to divide the franks after the death of charlemagne distinctions between france and germany began to be made 33 34 the rhine roughly formed the border of their territories whereby the three important episcopal cities of mainz worms and speyer with their counties to the left of the rhine were assigned to east francia 25 35 christian mainz edit main article free city of mainz in the early middle ages mainz played a significant role in the christianisation of the german and slavic peoples the first archbishop in mainz boniface was killed in 754 while attempting to convert the frisians to christianity and is buried in fulda 36 the archbishopric of mainz was established in 781 when boniface s successor lullus was granted the pallium by pope adrian i 37 throughout history the archbishops of mainz held high positions including serving as archchancellors of the holy roman empire notably the roman catholic diocese of mainz is unique as it is the only diocese in the world with an episcopal see called a holy see sancta sedes ibrahim ibn yaqub a 10th century hispano arabic sephardi jewish traveler writes the following about the city mainz maghānja is a very large city partly inhabited and partly cultivated fields it is in the land of the franks on a river called the rhine rīn wheat barley rye grapevines and fruit are plentiful 38 in 1244 archbishop siegfried iii granted mainz a city charter allowing the citizens to establish and elect a city council 39 in 1461 a feud between two archbishops diether von isenburg and adolf ii von nassau caused unrest in the city following archbishop adolf s raid on mainz in 1462 those who opposed him including johannes gutenberg were either expelled or imprisoned ultimately after the death of archbishop adolf ii diether von isenburg was reinstated as the archbishop of mainz duly elected by the chapter and appointed by the pope 40 early jewish community edit interior of the weisenau synagogue built in the first half of the 18th century the jewish community of mainz dates back to the 10th century ce it is noted for its religious education rabbi gershom ben judah 960 1040 taught there among others 41 he conc...
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