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the former and redstone for the latter space exploration edit soviet r 1 missile united states edit the us army us air force and the applied physics laboratory continued their use of aerobee on a variety of physics aeronomy photography weather and biomedical sounding rocket flights a total of 11 were launched during the year 2 two of these comprised the earliest space biomedical missions launched by the air force and carrying mice and monkeys they along with a third flight in 1952 determined that brief approx 15 minutes exposure to acceleration reduced gravity and high altitude cosmic radiation did not have significant negative effects 3 the first generation of us navy built viking sounding rockets reached its acme of performance with the flight of viking 7 the sole viking launch of 1951 launched 7 august from white sands missile range in new mexico the rocket set a new world altitude record of 136 miles 219 km 4 167 171 236 soviet union edit the r 1 the soviet union s first domestically built long range ballistic missile was accepted into service in november 1950 in january 1951 cold weather testing of the r 1 for quality assurance purposes was conducted 5 149 152 on 1 june production of the r 1 was centralized and transferred to a former automobile factory in dnepropetrovsk and that month 6 a test series of r 1s was successfully launched to the edge of space all landing within 5 5 kilometres 3 4 mi of their targets though the r 1 a virtual copy of the now obsolete v 2 5 119 was not a particularly formidable weapon and posed virtually no threat to the west it was invaluable in training engineers and missile crews as well as creating a nascent rocket industry in the soviet union 5 152 3 on 29 january 1951 dogs were carried on one of the winter test flights of the r 1 2 this was followed in the summer by six r 1s specifically designed and equipped for biomedical flights to determine if their payload dogs could survive the rigors of space travel and be recovered three of the missions were successful 7 on july 22 1951 dezik and tsygan became the first soviet space dogs to be launched into sub orbital spaceflight 8 the r 2 missile the first operational soviet design to have a separable nose cone underwent a second test series of thirteen flights in july 1951 experiencing one failure accepted for operational service on 27 november 1951 9 the design had a range of 600 kilometres 370 mi twice that of the r 1 while maintaining a similar payload of around 1 000 kilograms 2 200 lb 5 48 9 spacecraft development edit us air force edit by 1950 the war head carrying ballistic missile which in the united states had been eclipsed since world war ii by guided missile development received national priority in january 1951 the us air force s air research and development command awarded to consolidated vultee the contract for atlas the nation s first intercontinental ballistic missile 10 59 61 the atlas went on to become one of the key boosters in america s crewed and robotic space programs 11 32 39 first orbiting a payload score in 1958 10 153 161 2 us army edit on 15 april 1950 wernher von braun and his team of german rocket engineers were transferred from fort bliss to redstone arsenal in alabama in 1951 the redstone team was tasked with researching and developing guided missiles and developing and testing free rockets solid propellants jet assisted take off rockets and related items thus making the army a leading player in america s missile development 12 their work led to the production of the redstone missile first launched in 1953 13 versions of which ultimately launched explorer 1 america s first artificial satellite in 1958 and mercury redstone 3 america s first human space mission in 1961 14 us navy edit in the summer of 1950 the united states naval research laboratory nrl team led by milton rosen began work on an improved viking rocket able to reach higher altitudes the team would achieve increased performance through larger fuel tanks and reduced weight elsewhere on the rocket originally planned for launch in 1951 the development of the second generation viking took two years and the first of the new rockets would not launch until 6 june 1952 4 172 3 236 university of iowa edit in january 1951 dr james van allen instrumental in the development of the aerobee rocket joined the physics department at the state university of iowa sui along with university of chicago graduate melvin b gottlieb and van allen s first sui graduate student leslie h meredith they began a high altitude cosmic ray research program using equipment mounted on balloons launched from 16 june 1951 through 26 january 1952 15 7 10 this experience set the foundation for balloon launched sounding rockets which would first breach the boundary of space in 1954 15 38 soviet union edit from 1947 g 1 or r 10 missile designed by german specialists brought to the ussr in 1945 to work on missile projects competed with the soviet designed r 2 for limited engineering and production staff the latter winning out by the end of 1949 with the project stalled for a lack of resources and government interest the soviets terminated all work by the german specialists in october 1950 in december 1951 the first of these germans were repatriated to east germany a process that the soviets completed in november 1953 5 69 70 the draft plan for the ambitious 3 000 kilometre 1 900 mi range r 3 had been approved on 7 december 1949 5 67 but was canceled on 20 october 1951 other designs proving more useful and achievable 5 275 6 one of them was the r 5 missile able to carry the same payload as the r 1 and r 2 but over a distance of 1 200 kilometres 750 mi 5 242 the other being the r 11 a tactical missile half the size of the r 1 but with the same payload 16 the r 5 s conceptual design was completed by 30 october 1951 17 97 launches edit jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec january edit january launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 18 january 20 14 v 2 v 2 no 54 white sands lc 33 ge us army nrl suborbital cosmic radiation solar uv solar x ray 18 january launch failure project hermes launch apogee 1 61 kilometres 1 00 mi very low thrust 18 19 446 447 22 january 22 55 aerobee rtv n 10 a19 white sands lc 35 us navy apl suborbital aeronomy 22 january successful apogee 89 kilometres 55 mi 19 287 288 25 january 15 00 aerobee rtv n 10 a20 white sands lc 35 us navy apl suborbital ozone aeronomy 25 january successful apogee 90 kilometres 56 mi 19 289 290 29 january r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 29 january successful carried dogs 2 30 january r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 30 january successful 2 31 january r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 31 january successful 2 february edit february launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 1 february r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 1 february successful 2 2 february r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 2 february successful 2 6 february 17 20 aerobee rtv n 10 a21 white sands lc 35 us navy apl suborbital photography 6 february successful apogee 98 kilometres 61 mi 19 291 292 march edit march launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 9 march 03 16 v 2 v 2 no 57 white sands lc 33 ge us army blossom ive air materiel command suborbital solar x ray aeronomy ionospheric airglow 9 march launch failure project hermes launch apogee 3 1 kilometres 1 9 mi explosions starting at 15 5 seconds destroyed the tail section 18 19 452 453 28 march 23 14 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 10 holloman lc a us air force afcrl suborbital aeronomy 28 march successful apogee 66 kilometres 41 mi 19 64 65 april edit april launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 12 april 17 26 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 11 holloman lc a us air force afcrl university of colorado suborbital solar uv 12 april partial failure apogee 29 kilometres 18 mi premature engine cutoff at 30 6 seconds 19 66 67 18 april 18 39 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 12 holloman lc a us air force aeromed 1 afcrl wadc aero medical laboratory suborbital biological 18 april successful first biomedical aerobee mission carried monkey 20 apogee 61 kilometres 38 mi 19 68 69 may edit may launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 29 may 19 46 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 13 holloman lc a us air force afcrl boston university suborbital ionospheric 29 may launch failure apogee 3 7 kilometres 2 3 mi 19 70 71 june edit june launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 8 june 00 11 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 14 holloman lc a us air force afcrl suborbital solar x ray aeronomy 8 june successful apogee 89 kilometres 55 mi 19 72 73 8 june 01 18 aerobee xasr sc 1 sc 19 white sands lc 35 us army usasc university of michigan suborbital aeronomy 8 june launch failure apogee 6 4 kilometres 4 0 mi full burn but very low thrust 19 224 225 9 june 06 11 aerobee xasr sc 1 sc 18 white sands lc 35 us army grenades usasc suborbital aeronomy 9 june successful apogee 66 8 kilometres 41 5 mi 19 221 223 13 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 13 june successful 2 14 june 13 48 v 2 v 2 no 55 white sands lc 33 ge us army nrl suborbital cosmic radiation solar uv solar x ray 14 june launch failure project hermes launch apogee 0 kilometres 0 mi rocket exploded at ignition 18 19 449 14 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 14 june successful 2 18 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 18 june successful 2 19 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 19 june successful 2 20 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 20 june successful 2 22 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 22 june successful 2 23 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 23 june successful 2 24 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 24 june successful 2 25 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 25 june successful 2 26 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 26 june successful 2 27 june r 1 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 27 june successful 2 28 june 21 43 v 2 v 2 no 52 white sands lc 33 ge us army blossom ivf air materiel command suborbital solar uv solar x ray ionospheric photography aeronomy biological 28 june launch failure final project hermes launch apogee 5 8 kilometres 3 6 mi explosion in tail section at 8 seconds cutoff triggered at 22 seconds 18 19 441 443 july edit july launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 2 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 2 july first of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day second of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day third of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day fourth of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day fifth of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day sixth of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day seventh of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day eighth of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day ninth of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day tenth of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day eleventh of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test same day twelfth of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 22 july r 1v kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital biological 22 july successful maiden flight of the r 1v 2 first ever space dog mission carried dogs dezik and zhegan which were recovered 21 21 25 july 16 26 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 15 holloman lc a us air force afcrc suborbital sky brightness 25 july successful apogee 71 3 kilometres 44 3 mi 19 74 75 27 july r 2 kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital missile test 27 july last of thirteen launches 12 of which hit the target area 17 97 29 july r 1b kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital biological 29 july launch failure maiden flight of the r 1b electrical failure no payload recovery carried dogs did not survive 2 august edit august launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 7 august 16 36 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 16 holloman lc a us air force afcrc boston university suborbital ionospheric 7 august successful apogee 83 5 kilometres 51 9 mi 19 76 77 7 august 18 00 viking first model white sands lc 33 army launch area 1 us navy viking 7 nrl suborbital cosmic radiation solar x ray aeronomy 7 august successful final flight of the first model viking apogee 219 kilometres 136 mi 19 492 493 15 august r 1b kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital solar uv biological 15 august successful carried dogs recovered 2 19 august r 1v kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital biological 19 august successful final flight of the r 1v carried dogs recovered 2 22 august 19 00 v 2 tf 1 white sands lc 33 us army us army suborbital altitude test 22 august successful first all army team after general electric s contract concluded apogee 213 4 kilometres 132 6 mi 19 463 28 august r 1b kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital biological 28 august successful 2 30 august 22 40 aerobee rtv a 1b usaf 17 holloman lc a us air force afcrc suborbital rocket test 30 august successful maiden and only flight of the rtv a 1b apogee 76 kilometres 47 mi 19 78 79 september edit september launches date and time utc rocket flight number launch site lsp payload operator orbit function decay utc outcome remarks 3 september r 1b kapustin yar okb 1 okb 1 suborbital biological 3 september successful final flight of the r 1b carried dogs recovered 2 13 september 11 37 aerobee rtv a 1 usaf 18 holloman lc a us air force afcrc university of michigan suborbital ...
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