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ate general public relations government of punjab pakistan 25 november 2025 retrieved 4 december 2025 dead link cm maryam orders promotion of punjabi language business recorder 26 november 2025 retrieved 4 december 2025 cm maryam orders historic steps to promote punjabi language dunya news 25 november 2025 retrieved 4 december 2025 javed umair 16 september 2024 punjabi nationalism dawn retrieved 4 december 2025 a b khokhlova liudmila january 2014 majority language death pdf language endangerment and preservation in south asia archived pdf from the original on 25 may 2017 retrieved 29 april 2017 punjabi was nonetheless included in the eighth schedule of the constitution of india and came to be recognized as one of the fifteen official languages of the country fifty years of punjab politics 1920 70 panjab digital library archived from the original on 6 january 2019 retrieved 6 january 2019 ayres alyssa 2008 language the nation and symbolic capital the case of punjab pdf the journal of asian studies 67 3 917 946 doi 10 1017 s0021911808001204 s2cid 56127067 archived pdf from the original on 25 may 2017 retrieved 28 april 2017 in india punjabi is an official language as well as the first language of the state of punjab with secondary status in delhi and widespread use in haryana kumar ashutosh 2004 electoral politics in punjab study of akali dal economic political weekly 39 14 15 1515 1520 jstor 4414869 punjabi was made the first compulsory language and medium of instruction in all the government schools whereas hindi and english as second and third language were to be implemented from the class 4 and 6 respectively 52nd report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in india pdf report national commission on linguistic minorities 2015 p 25 archived from the original pdf on 25 may 2017 retrieved 28 april 2017 languages taught in the state under the three language formula first language hindi second language punjabi third language english singh jasmine 13 september 2015 serial killer the tribune archived from the original on 16 september 2015 retrieved 15 september 2015 sgpc claims haryana govt ignoring punjabi language hindustan times 30 july 2015 retrieved 15 september 2015 dead link aujla harjap singh 15 june 2015 punjabi s of delhi couldn t get justice for punjabi language punjab news express retrieved 19 september 2015 permanent dead link singh perneet 9 july 2013 sikh bodies oppose du s anti punjabi move tribune india archived from the original on 19 may 2018 retrieved 21 february 2018 final punjabiuniversity ac in archived from the original on 24 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 actdpl punjabi university patiala learnpunjabi org archived from the original on 10 december 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੀਡੀਆ punjabipedia org archived from the original on 21 december 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 pbi university launches punjabipedia punjab hindustan times hindustan times 26 february 2014 archived from the original on 23 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 the dhahan prize the dhahan prize for punjabi literature dhahanprize com archived from the original on 27 february 2017 retrieved 13 january 2017 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੱਕਾ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਵਨ ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ 3 may 2017 archived from the original on 3 may 2017 retrieved 16 october 2017 sirsa again elected punjabi sahit akademi president tribuneindia com 18 april 2016 archived from the original on 13 august 2018 retrieved 13 august 2018 punjabi academy www punjabiacademy com archived from the original on 18 july 2017 jk cultural academy jkculture nic in archived from the original on 23 november 2016 पंजाबी सीखने वाले छात्रों को अगले माह बटेगा एकल प्रोत्साहन राशि m livehindustan com 24 october 2016 archived from the original on 28 july 2020 retrieved 13 august 2018 welcome to punjab institute of language art culture punjab institute of language art culture pilac punjab gov pk archived from the original on 11 july 2017 microsoft download center microsoft com archived from the original on 23 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 punjabi linux punlinux download sourceforge net sourceforge net 21 april 2013 archived from the original on 23 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 connecting to the itunes store itunes archived from the original on 23 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 google archived from the original on 9 august 2018 retrieved 13 january 2017 google ਅਨੁਵਾਦ archived from the original on 29 december 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 cloud ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ ਔਨਲਾਈਨ ਅਜਮਾਓ google ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ archived from the original on 12 january 2017 retrieved 13 january 2017 sources bhardwaj mangat rai 2016 panjabi a comprehensive grammar routledge doi 10 4324 9781315760803 isbn 9781138793859 bhatia tej k 2008 major regional languages in braj b kachru yamuna kachru s n sridhar eds language in south asia cambridge university press pp 121 131 doi 10 1017 cbo9780511619069 008 isbn 9780511619069 grierson george a 1916 linguistic survey of india vol ix indo aryan family central group part 1 specimens of western hindi and pañjābī calcutta office of the superintendent of government printing india jain dhanesh 2003 sociolinguistics of the indo aryan languages in cardona george jain dhanesh eds the indo aryan languages routledge pp 46 66 isbn 978 0 415 77294 5 masica colin 1991 the indo aryan languages cambridge cambridge university press isbn 978 0 521 29944 2 archived from the original on 2 april 2023 retrieved 7 october 2020 nayar baldev raj 1966 minority politics in the punjab princeton university press isbn 9781400875948 archived from the original on 2 april 2023 retrieved 9 november 2019 rao aparna 1995 marginality and language use the example of peripatetics in afghanistan journal of the gypsy lore society 5 2 69 95 shackle christopher 1979 problems of classification in pakistan panjab transactions of the philological society 77 1 191 210 doi 10 1111 j 1467 968x 1979 tb00857 x issn 0079 1636 shackle christopher 2003 panjabi in cardona george jain dhanesh eds the indo aryan languages routledge pp 581 621 isbn 978 0 415 77294 5 archived from the original on 2 april 2023 retrieved 7 october 2020 further reading bhatia tej 1993 and 2010 punjabi a cognitive descriptive grammar london routledge series descriptive grammars gill h s harjit singh and gleason h a 1969 a reference grammar of punjabi revised edition patiala punjab india languages department punjab university chopra r m perso arabic words in punjabi in indo iranica vol 53 1 4 chopra r m the legacy of the punjab 1997 punjabee bradree calcutta singh chander shekhar 2004 punjabi prosody the old tradition and the new paradigm sri lanka polgasowita sikuru prakasakayo singh chander shekhar 2014 punjabi intonation an experimental study muenchen lincom europa external links wikibooks has a book on the topic of punjabi wikimedia commons has media related to punjabi language wikivoyage has a phrasebook for punjabi eastern punjabi edition of wikipedia the free encyclopedia western punjabi edition of wikipedia the free encyclopedia english to punjabi dictionary archived 10 march 2010 at the wayback machine proposal to encode arabic letter noon with ring above at the unicode website v t e punjabi language topics grammar gurmukhi script shahmukhi script punjabi braille dialects literature punjabi nationalism punjabiyat writers poets v t e languages of india official languages union level hindi english 8th schedule to the constitution of india classical assamese bengali kannada malayalam marathi odia sanskrit tamil telugu non classical bodo dogri gujarati hindi kashmiri konkani maithili meitei manipuri nepali punjabi santali sindhi urdu state level only angika bhojpuri chhattisgarhi garo gurung ho kamatapuri kharia khasi khortha kokborok kurmali kurukh lepcha limbu magahi magar mizo mundari newari rai rajbangshi sadri sherpa sikkimese sunwar tamang major unofficial languages over 1 million speakers awadhi bagheli bagri bajjika bhili bundeli braj dhundhari garhwali gondi harauti haryanvi kangri khandeshi kumaoni lambadi malvi marwari mewari nimadi rajasthani surjapuri tulu wagdi varhadi 100 000 1 million speakers adi angami ao badaga dimasa halbi karbi khotta kodava kolami konyak korku koya kui kuvi ladakhi lotha malto mising nishi phom rabha sema sora tangkhul thadou linguistic history classical multilingualism endangered scheduled languages in states v t e languages of pakistan official languages urdu national english other languages by administrative unit azad kashmir dogri gujari kashmiri kundal shahi pahari pothwari balochistan balochi brahui dehwari hazaragi jadgali khetrani lasi pashto saraiki wanetsi gilgit baltistan balti burushaski dawoodi khowar purgi gujari sarikoli shina wakhi khyber pakhtunkhwa badeshi bateri chilisso dameli gujari gawar bati gawri gowro hindko indus kohistani kalami kalasha kalkoti kamviri khowar kohistani shina mankiyali munji ormuri palula pashto saraiki sarikoli sawi shekhani torwali ushoji wakhi waziri yidgha punjab bagri balochi dogri haryanvi marwari mewari pahari pothwari punjabi rajasthani rangri saraiki urdu sindh aer bagri bengali bhaya dhatki goaria gujarati jandavra jogi koli kachi parkari wadiyara kutchi loarki marwari memoni mewari od punjabi rajasthani rangri saraiki sindhi urdu vaghri related topics indo aryan languages dardic languages iranic languages pakistani sign language arabic persian pakistani hindi hindi chagatai v t e indo aryan languages dardic kashmiric kashmiri kishtwari pogali shinaic brokskat kalkoti kohistani shina kundal shahi sawi shina palula ushoji kunar dameli gawar bati nangalami shumashti kohistani bateri chilisso gawri gowro indus kohistani tirahi torwali mankiyali wotapuri katarqalai others chitrali chitrali kalasha urtsuniwar khowar gandhari pashayi northern eastern doteli jumli nepali central garhwali kumaoni western dogri kangri bhadarwahi churahi bhateali bilaspuri chambeali gaddi pangwali mandeali mahasu pahari jaunsari kullui pahari kinnauri hinduri sirmauri sarazi northwestern punjabi eastern punjabi dialects sansi lahnda hindko inku khetrani pahari pothwari saraiki sindhi jadgali kholosi kutchi luwati memoni sindhi western gujarati aer gujarati lisan ud dawat jandavra koli kachi parkari wadiyara saurashtra vaghri rajasthani bagri dhatki dhundari goaria gujari harauti lambadi loarki malvi marwari mewari mewati ahirwati nimadi od shekhawati bhil bhili bhilali chodri dhodia kukna dhanki dubli bauria bhilori mawchi magari palya bareli pauri bareli rathwi bareli pardhi gamit kalto vasavi wagdi vaagri booli romani northern british romani angloromani scottish cant welsh romani northwestern romani finnish romani laiuse romani scandoromani sinte romani others balkan romani rumelian romani zargari romani baltic romani caló carpathian romani bohemian romani greek romani serbian romani vlax romani kalderash romani erromintxela others khandeshi dawoodi domari kurbet lomavren central western braj bhasha bundeli haryanvi hindustani kauravi hindi hinglish urdish urdu deccani judeo urdu hyderabadi urdu rekhta kannauji sansi sadhukkadi eastern awadhi bagheli chhattisgarhi fiji hindi others parya eastern bihari bhojpuric bhojpuri caribbean hindustani magahi magahi maithili maithili angika bajjika sadanic sadri kurmali khortha tharuic tharu kochila buksa majhi musasa others kumhali kuswaric bote darai danwar gauda kamarupa bengali bengali dialects bishnupriya manipuri hajong kharia thar kurmukar mal paharia noakhali sylheti tanchangya thar chittagonian chakma rohingya kamarupic assamese kamrupi dehan goalpariya rajbanshi nepal rangpuri surjapuri odia odia sambalpuri desia bhatri bodo parja reli kupia halbic halbi kamar bhunjia nahari southern marathi konkani marathic marathi varhadi andh berar deccan varli phudagi katkari kadodi konkanic konkani maharashtrian konkani nawayathi insular dhivehi sinhala vedda old sanskrit vedic classical mitanni superstrate middle early ashokan prakrit pāli early ardhamagadhi middle prakrit buddhist hybrid sanskrit dramatic prakrits ardhamagadhi magadhi maharashtri shauraseni epigraphical hybrid sanskrit gāndhārī gaudi monumental prakrit paishachi late apabhraṃśa abahattha apabhraṃśa elu kamarupi khasa prakrit proto languages proto indo iranian proto indo aryan early romani unclassified badeshi unknown further classification bazigar chinali lahul chinali lahul lohar sheikhgal pidgins and creoles andaman creole hindi bombay hindi haflong hindi kurbet nagamese nefamese vedda see also indo iranian languages nuristani languages iranian languages v t e pakistan topics history ancient stone age soanian mehrgarh indus valley indo iranics indo aryan achaemenid seleucid empire greco bactrian maurya indo greek gandhara indo scythians indo parthian kushan indo sassanid medieval indo hephthalite kambojas rai dynasty shahi pala solanki muhammad ibn al qasim ghaznavid ghurid mamluk khalji tughlaq sayyid lodi timurid modern pre colonial mughal east india company durrani sikh confederacy sikh empire first anglo afghan war first anglo sikh war second anglo sikh war rebellion colonial british raj second anglo afghan war durand line third anglo afghan war aligarh movement hindi urdu controversy pakistan movement muslim league two nation theory jinnah s 14 points lahore resolution direct action day partition independence dominion dominion of pakistan monarchy of pakistan governor general princely states 1947 war liaquat nehru pact baghdad pact republic 1947 present indus treaty 1965 war 1971 movement 1971 war project 706 islamisation insurgencies balochistan insurgency kpk insurgency kargil war liberalization geography features beaches deserts glaciers islands lakes mountains passes rivers topography valleys waterfalls wetlands areas arabian sea gwatar bay indus plain pothohar plateau salt range sistan basin geology coal fields gas fields minerals oil fields volcanoes floods environment botanical gardens ecoregions climate change environmental issues forests 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