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primarily intended to provide companionship to elderly and disabled people 71 actroid the geminoid series is a series of ultra realistic humanoid robots developed by hiroshi ishiguro of atr and kokoro in tokyo the original one geminoid hi 1 was made at its image followed geminoid f in 2010 and geminoid dk in 2011 72 2006 nao a small open source programmable humanoid robot developed by aldebaran robotics in france widely used by worldwide universities as a research platform and educational tool 72 reem a the first fully autonomous european biped humanoid robot designed to play chess with the hydra chess engine the first robot developed by pal robotics it was also used as a walking manipulation speech and vision development platform 73 icub a biped humanoid open source robot for cognition research 74 mahru a network based biped humanoid robot developed in south korea 75 2007 topio a ping pong playing robot developed by tosy robotics jsc 76 twendy one a robot developed by the waseda university sugano laboratory for home assistance services it is not biped as it uses an omni directional mobile mechanism 77 2008 justin a humanoid robot developed by the german aerospace center dlr 78 nexi the first mobile dexterous and social robot makes its public debut as one of time magazine s top inventions of the year 79 the robot was built through a collaboration between the mit media lab personal robots group 80 umass amherst and meka robotics 81 82 salvius the first open source humanoid robot built in the united states is created 83 reem b the second biped humanoid robot developed by pal robotics it has the ability to autonomously learn its environment using various sensors and carry 20 of its own weight 84 surena it had a height of 165 centimetres and weight of 60 kilograms and is able to speak according to predefined text it also has remote control and tracking ability 85 2009 hrp 4c a japanese domestic robot made by national institute of advanced industrial science and technology shows human characteristics in addition to bipedal walking 86 kobian a robot developed by waseda university can walk talk and mimic emotions 87 darwin op an open source robot developed by robotis in collaboration with virginia tech purdue university and university of pennsylvania this project was supported and sponsored by nsf 88 2010 robonaut 2 a very advanced humanoid robot by nasa and general motors it was part of the payload of shuttle discovery on the successful launch february 24 2011 it is intended to do spacewalks for nasa 89 hrp 4c national institute of advanced industrial science and technology demonstrate their humanoid robot singing and dancing along with human dancers 90 reem a humanoid service robot with a wheeled mobile base developed by pal robotics it can perform autonomous navigation in various surroundings and has voice and face recognition capabilities 91 2011 asimo in november honda unveiled its second generation honda asimo robot the all new asimo is the first version of the robot with semi autonomous capabilities 92 2012 nimbro the autonomous intelligent systems group of university of bonn germany introduces the humanoid teensize open platform nimbro op 93 2013 toro the german aerospace center dlr presents the humanoid robot toro torque controlled humanoid robot 94 on december 20 21 2013 darpa robotics challenge ranked the top 16 humanoid robots competing for the us 2 million cash prize the leading team schaft with 27 out of a possible score of 30 was bought by google 95 reem c pal robotics launches reem c the first humanoid biped robot developed as a robotics research platform 100 ros based 96 poppy the first open source 3d printed humanoid robot bio inspired with legs designed for biped locomotion developed by the flower departments at inria 97 valkyrie r5 developed by nasa 98 the primary objective was to create a robot capable of supporting future nasa missions whether by performing tasks in advance of human arrival on other planets or by serving as an assistant to human teams during missions 99 100 101 102 2014 manav india s first 3d printed humanoid robot developed in the laboratory of a set training and research institutes by diwakar vaish head robotics and research a set training and research institutes 103 pepper robot after the acquisition of aldebaran softbank robotics releases a robot available for the public 104 nadine a female humanoid social robot designed in nanyang technological university singapore and modelled on its director professor nadia magnenat thalmann nadine is a socially intelligent robot which returns greetings makes eye contact and remembers all the conversations it has had 105 106 2016 sophia a humanoid robot developed by hanson robotics hong kong and modelled after audrey hepburn sophia has artificial intelligence visual data processing and facial recognition 107 oceanone developed by a team at stanford university led by computer science professor oussama khatib oceanone completed its first mission diving for treasure in a shipwreck off the coast of france at a depth of 100 meters the robot is controlled remotely has haptic sensors in its hands and artificial intelligence capabilities 108 ayuda service robot developed by taiwan based company syscom computer engineering co ltd 凌群電腦 designed for customer service information assistance and smart facility applications 109 2017 talos pal robotics launches talos 110 a fully electrical humanoid robot with joint torque sensors and ethercat communication technology that can manipulate up to 6 kg payload in each of its grippers 111 2018 rashmi robot a multilingual realistic humanoid robot was launched in india by ranjit shrivastav having emotional interpretation capabilities 112 2020 digit on january 5 2020 agility robotics introduced the first version of digit their humanoid robot initially purchased by ford motor company for research into autonomous last mile delivery 113 vyommitra a female looking spacefaring humanoid robot being developed by the indian space research organisation to function on board the gaganyaan a crewed orbital spacecraft 114 robot shalu homemade artificially intelligent indian multilingual humanoid robot made up of waste materials that can speak 9 indian and 38 foreign languages total 47 languages developed by dinesh kunwar patel computer science teacher kendriya vidyalaya mumbai india shalu can recognize a person and remember them identify many objects solve mathematical problems give horoscopes and weather reports teach in a classroom conduct a quiz and do many other things 115 2022 ameca in january 2022 engineered arts ltd gave the first public demonstration of their humanoid robot ameca 116 optimus on october 1 2022 tesla unveiled version 1 of their humanoid robot optimus 117 2023 digit on march 20 2023 agility robotics revealed the fourth version of digit adding a head new manipulators and perception systems 118 optimus in december 2023 tesla unveiled optimus version 2 featuring 30 faster movement 10 kg less weight and sensors on all 10 fingers 119 2024 atlas electric in april 2024 after the retirement of the hydraulic version of atlas boston dynamics released an all electric version of atlas with a broader range of motion and higher dexterity than the former model 120 121 g1 in may 2024 unitree robotics released new humanoid robot with upgraded mobility most noted for its affordable price point starting at 16k 122 the design is comparable to boston dynamic s upgraded atlas humanplus in june 2024 stanford researchers announced a prototype robot that could mimic human movement to learn how to perform actions such as playing table tennis and the piano 123 digit in june 2024 agility robotics announced that 5 of its digit robots had begun handling tasks in the factory of its customer gxo logistics 124 2025 se01 in february 2025 engine ai demonstrated a humanoid robot that could perform a forward flip 125 factory deployments in 2025 humanoid robots entered mass industrial deployment for the first time figure ai s figure 02 supported production of over 30 000 vehicles at bmw s spartanburg plant while unitree robotics shipped more than 5 500 units globally goldman sachs projected the humanoid robot market would reach 38 billion by 2035 126 tm xplore i in august 2025 techman unveiled tm xplore i the first bipedal humanoid industrial robot designed and manufactured in taiwan 127 neo in october 2025 1x technologies unveils neo the first consumer ready bipedal humanoid robot designed for home use 128 aidol in november 2025 aidol presented its humanoid robot during an event in moscow the presentation failed when the robot fell over after it had taken a few steps it had to be removed by staff members 129 agibot in november 2025 agibot s a2 model walked 100 km from suzhou to shanghai in 3 days entering the guinness world records for doing so 130 2026 lightning bipedal robots built by honor took the first three places in the beijing e town half marathon with the winning robot lightning breaking the human world record by about 7 minutes 131 agile one in april 2026 agile robots se presented its first humanoid robot for industrial applications at hannover messe 132 the company had announced the launch of the robot in november 2025 133 gatsby in may 2026 san francisco startup gatsby performs the first humanoid robot cleaning for a paying consumer in the united states 134 135 in science fiction edit a common theme for the depiction of humanoid robots in science fiction pertains to how they can help humans in society or serve as threats to humanity 136 this theme essentially questions whether artificial intelligence is a force of good or bad for mankind 136 humanoid robots that are depicted as good for society and benefit humans include commander data in star trek and c 3po in star wars 136 opposite portrayals where humanoid robots are shown as terrifying and threatening to humans include the t 800 in terminator and megatron in transformers 136 an indian tamil language film enthiran showed the benefits and disadvantages of a humanoid robot chitti 137 138 another prominent theme found in science fiction regarding humanoid robots focuses on personhood certain films particularly blade runner and blade runner 2049 explore whether or not a constructed synthetic being should be considered a person 139 in the films androids called replicants are created indistinguishably from human beings yet they are shunned and do not possess the same rights as humans this theme incites audience sympathy while also sparking unease at the idea of humanoid robots mimicking humans too closely 140 the term gynoid was first used by isaac asimov in a 1979 editorial as a theoretical female equivalent of the word android 141 criticism edit humanoid robots are considered inefficient for performing many kinds of work as they share the same general flaws present in the human form and can be outperformed by other kinds of robots 142 some who have suggested that forcing robots to perform labor could be akin to slavery 143 but others argue that there is no reason to think ai is conscious 144 sex robots may present ethical issues 145 and robots designed to look like humans can evoke feelings of unease or revulsion in humans due to the uncanny valley effect 146 see also edit biological robot frankenstein complex list of fictional robots and androids list of roboticists list of robots non carbon lifeforms personal robot world humanoid robotics games references edit citations edit hall loura june 11 2015 nasa looks to university robotics groups to advance humanoid robot nasa fruend konrad beck fabian shu anton loeffl florian lee jinoh 2023 bipedal running bioinspired fundamentals for versatile humanoid robot locomotion 22nd ieee ras international conference on humanoid robots humanoids 2023 austin tx usa doi 10 1109 humanoids57100 2023 10375238 retrieved july 10 2025 1 2 3 siciliano bruno khatib oussama 2019 humanoid robots historical perspective overview and scope humanoid robotics a reference pp 3 8 doi 10 1007 978 94 007 6046 2_64 isbn 978 94 007 6045 5 1 2 3 yu ogura aikawa h shimomura k kondo h morishima a hun ok lim takanishi a 2006 development of a new humanoid robot wabian 2 proceedings 2006 ieee international conference on robotics and automation 2006 icra 2006 pp 76 81 doi 10 1109 robot 2006 1641164 isbn 0 7803 9505 0 stuntronics disney research la disneyresearch com retrieved october 25 2021 panzarino matthew june 28 2018 disney imagineering has created autonomous robot stunt doubles techcrunch retrieved november 21 2025 in world s first humanoid boxing match gloating robot face plants popular science may 27 2025 retrieved november 21 2025 beijing s first world humanoid robot games open with hip hop and martial arts associated press august 16 2025 retrieved november 21 2025 humanoid robots play football poorly in chinese exhibition match deccan herald june 29 2025 retrieved 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