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l on 28 march 2023 retrieved 10 november 2023 schaff philip nicene and post nicene fathers series ii volume i church history of eusebius book iii archived from the original on 29 april 2023 retrieved 31 july 2023 church fathers the prescription against heretics tertullian www newadvent org archived from the original on 17 march 2023 retrieved 8 march 2023 catholic encyclopedia st optatus www newadvent org archived from the original on 27 february 2023 retrieved 9 april 2023 what the early church believed peter s roman residency catholic answers archived from the original on 9 april 2023 retrieved 9 april 2023 1 2 matthew 16 18 19 luke 22 31 32 john 21 17 lightfoot john commentary on matthew 16 18 commentary on the gospels studylight org archived from the original on 14 may 2013 retrieved 23 may 2013 it is readily answered by the papists that peter was the rock but let them tell me why matthew used not the same word in greek if our saviour used the same word in syriac if he had intimated that the church should be built upon peter it had been plainer and more agreeable to be the vulgar idiom to have said thou art peter and upon thee i will build my church robertson archibald thomas commentary on matthew 16 18 word pictures of the new testament studylight org archived from the original on 14 may 2013 retrieved 23 may 2013 gill john commentary on matthew 16 18 exposition of the whole bible studylight org archived from the original on 14 may 2013 retrieved 23 may 2013 by the rock is meant either the confession of faith made by peter not the act nor form but the matter of it it containing the prime articles of christianity and which are as immoveable as a rock or rather christ himself who points as it were with his finger to himself and whom peter had made such a glorious confession of and who was prefigured by the rock the israelites drank water out of in the wilderness and is comparable to any rock for height shelter strength firmness and duration and is the one and only foundation of his church and people and on whom their security salvation and happiness entirely depend wesley john commentary on matthew 16 18 wesley s notes on the bible christian classics ethereal library archived from the original on 13 november 2012 retrieved 23 may 2013 on this rock alluding to his name which signifies a rock namely the faith which thou hast now professed i will build my church but perhaps when our lord uttered these words he pointed to himself in like manner as when he said destroy this temple john 2 19 meaning the temple of his body and it is certain that as he is spoken of in scripture as the only foundation of the church so this is that which the apostles and evangelists laid in their preaching it is in respect of laying this that the names of the twelve apostles not of st peter only were equally inscribed on the twelve foundations of the city of god revelation 21 14 the gates of here as gates and walls were the strength of cities and as courts of judicature were held in their gates this phrase properly signifies the power and policy of satan and his instruments shall not prevail against it not against the church universal so as to destroy it and they never did there hath been a small remnant in all ages scofield c i commentary on matthew 16 18 scofield s reference notes 1917 edition studylight org archived from the original on 14 may 2013 retrieved 23 may 2013 there is the greek a play upon the words thou art peter petros literally a little rock and upon this rock petra i will build my church he does not promise to build his church upon peter but upon himself as peter is careful to tell us 1 peter 2 4 9 henry matthew commentary on matthew 16 18 matthew henry s complete commentary on the bible studylight org archived from the original on 14 may 2013 retrieved 23 may 2013 first some by this rock understand peter himself as an apostle the chief though not the prince of the twelve senior among them but not superior over them the church is built upon the foundation of the apostles ephesians 2 20 the first stones of that building were laid in and by their ministry hence their names are said to be written in the foundations of the new jerusalem revelation 21 14 first some by this rock understand peter himself as an apostle the chief though not the prince of the twelve senior among them but not superior over them the church is built upon the foundation of the apostles ephesians 2 20 the first stones of that building were laid in and by their ministry hence their names are said to be written in the foundations of the new jerusalem revelation 21 14 thirdly others by this rock understand this confession which peter made of christ and this comes all to one with understanding it of christ himself it was a good confession which peter witnessed thou art the christ the son of the living god the rest concurred with him in it now saith christ this is that great truth upon which i will build my church 1 take away this truth itself and the universal church falls to the ground if christ be not the son of god christianity is a cheat and the church is a mere chimera our preaching is vain your faith is vain and you are yet in your sins 1 corinthians 15 14 17 if jesus be not the christ those that own him are not of the church but deceivers and deceived 2 take away the faith and confession of this truth from any particular church and it ceases to be a part of christ s church and relapses to the state and character of infidelity this is articulus stantis et cadentis ecclesia that article with the admission or the denial of which the church either rises or falls the main hinge on which the door of salvation turns those who let go this do not hold the foundation and though they may call themselves christians they give themselves the lie for the church is a sacred society incorporated upon the certainty and assurance of this great truth and great it is and has prevailed john 1 42 archived 16 january 2014 at the wayback machine bible hub cephas archived 16 january 2014 at the wayback machine dictionary com cephas archived 16 january 2014 at the wayback machine behind the name o connor daniel william 2013 saint peter the apostle encyclopædia britannica archived from the original on 28 march 2013 retrieved 14 april 2013 where is the papacy in the old testament catholic answers 2023 archived from the original on 16 march 2023 retrieved 16 march 2023 isaiah 22 22 matthew 16 19 isaiah 22 23 john paul ii 1996 p introduction popes and conclaves everything you need to know 3 march 2013 archived from the original on 15 july 2017 retrieved 17 january 2017 john paul ii 1996 pp 88 89 kelly joseph francis 2009 the ecumenical councils of the catholic church a history liturgical press p 96 isbn 978 0 8146 5376 0 archived from the original on 16 august 2023 retrieved 9 may 2023 thomas j reese sj inside the vatican the politics and organization of the catholic church harvard university press 1996 p 99 exhilerating roman experiences of prof george menachery www indianchristianity com retrieved 26 april 2026 what does cardinal sodano s departure as dean of the college of cardinals mean archived 13 july 2021 at the wayback machine ncregister com 27 december 2019 retrieved 24 july 2021 papal transition traditional path sharply defined archived 25 july 2021 at the wayback machine nytimes com 2 april 2005 retrieved 24 july 2021 catholic online the ring of the fisherman archived from the original on 25 july 2021 retrieved 25 july 2021 papal transition archived 25 july 2021 at the wayback machine americamagazine org 24 january 2013 retrieved 24 july 2021 effron lauren march 2013 white smoke pope black smoke nope how conclave smoke gets its color abc news archived from the original on 6 august 2020 retrieved 28 june 2020 press conference on the tenth general congregations of the college of cardinals 11 march and regarding events of the coming days tenth and last general congregation holy see press office retrieved 15 april 2013 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link vatican bells will also announce election of new pope archived 25 july 2021 at the wayback machine voanews com 30 october 2009 retrieved 24 july 2021 a quick course in conclave 101 archived 25 july 2021 at the wayback machine ncronline com 15 february 2013 retrieved 24 july 2021 the process of electing the new pope archived 25 july 2021 at the wayback machine christianitytoday com 5 april 2005 retrieved 25 july 2021 ap const universi dominici gregis no 89 archived 8 april 2012 at the wayback machine st augustine of hippo speaking of the honours paid to bishops in his time mentions the absides gradatae apses with steps a reference to the seating arrangement for the presbyters in the apse of the church with the bishop in the middle william smith samuel cheetham encyclopaedic dictionary of christian antiquities archived 19 august 2020 at the wayback machine elevated stalls in the sparrow simpson translation archived 5 march 2016 at the wayback machine p 83 and appearing as thrones ascended by flights of steps in the cunningham translation archived 28 june 2011 at the wayback machine and cathedrae velatae canopied thrones appearing as canopied pulpits in both those translations oogle com books id _ms7aaaacaaj letter 203 in the old arrangement 23 in the chronological rearrangement profile pope francis bbc news 1 december 2017 archived from the original on 19 july 2018 retrieved 19 may 2018 fisher max sorry jorge mario bergoglio is not the first non european pope the washington post archived from the original on 18 july 2021 retrieved 21 april 2019 ablative absolute equivalent to a temporal clause 1 2 john paul ii universi dominici gregis chapter 1 archived from the original on 22 november 2019 retrieved 19 september 2022 hammer time snopes com 5 april 2005 archived from the original on 16 august 2023 retrieved 2 november 2014 sullivan george e pope john paul ii the people s pope boston walker company 1984 the path to a new pontiff retrieved 2010 03 29 time 3 april 2005 archived from the original on 6 april 2005 retrieved 11 august 2010 1 2 global catholic network ewtn ewtn com archived from the original on 15 january 2020 retrieved 15 january 2020 as the reign of the pope has conventionally been from election until death papal resignation is an uncommon event before the 21st century only five popes unambiguously resigned with historical certainty all between the 10th and 15th centuries code of canon law intratext archived from the original on 16 may 2020 retrieved 15 march 2020 brown andrew 11 february 2013 benedict the placeholder pope who leaves a battered weakened church the guardian archived from the original on 1 march 2013 retrieved 12 february 2013 conclave how cardinals elect a pope bbc news 11 february 2013 retrieved 7 july 2026 annuario pontificio published annually by libreria editrice vaticana p 23 isbn 978 88 209 8722 0 shahan thomas joseph 1907 ecclesiastical abbreviations in herbermann charles ed catholic encyclopedia vol 1 new york robert appleton company pope encyclopædia britannica 2013 archived from the original on 12 june 2013 retrieved 14 april 2013 adriano cappelli lexicon abbreviaturarum p 283 archived from the original on 25 july 2013 retrieved 18 february 2013 contractions and abbreviations ndl go jp 4 august 2005 archived from the original on 10 december 2011 retrieved 21 november 2011 what does pp stand for acronyms thefreedictionary com archived from the original on 30 november 2011 retrieved 21 november 2011 ac wimmer 10 may 2025 powerful symbols vatican releases pope leo xiv s official portrait and signature catholic news agency retrieved 12 may 2025 pope definition title list of popes encyclopedia britannica archived from the original on 11 july 2017 retrieved 17 february 2021 john 21 16 17 1 2 3 fanning william henry windsor 1913 vicar of christ in herbermann charles ed catholic encyclopedia new york robert appleton company 1 2 mcbrien richard p os papas os pontífices de são pedro a joão paulo ii original title lives of the popes the pontiffs from st peter to john paul ii 1997 isbn 0 06 065303 5 pp 37 85 oxford dictionary of the christian church oxford university press 2005 isbn 978 0 19 280290 3 article vicar of christ 1 2 beal john p coriden james a green thomas j 2002 new commentary on the code of canon law paulist press p 432 isbn 978 0 8091 4066 4 archived from the original on 19 march 2021 retrieved 18 february 2010 prescription against heretics chapter 28 catholic encyclopedia the fathers of the church new advent archived from the original on 17 october 2012 retrieved 14 april 2013 on the veiling of virgins chapter 1 catholic encyclopedia the fathers of the church new advent archived from the original on 20 may 2013 retrieved 14 april 2013 see john 16 7 14 faus josé ignacio gonzáles autoridade da verdade momentos obscuros do magistério eclesiástico edições loyola isbn 85 15 01750 4 p 33 untener ken picken elizabeth 2007 the practical prophet pastoral writings new york paulist press p 264 isbn 978 0 8091 4429 7 archived from the original on 19 march 2021 retrieved 21 november 2011 second vatican council dogmatic constitution lumen gentium 27 archived from the original on 6 september 2014 retrieved 27 january 2010 shaw russell b 1979 church state a novel of politics and power huntington ind our sunday visitor p 991 isbn 978 0 87973 669 9 archived from the original on 26 may 2013 retrieved 14 april 2013 medieval sourcebook fordham edu archived from the original on 27 november 2011 retrieved 21 november 2011 missale romanum vatican city 2008 p 928 clerus org archived from the original on 30 november 2011 retrieved 21 november 2011 pontifex encyclopædia britannica encyclopædia britannica online 2013 archived from the original on 13 june 2013 retrieved 14 april 2013 the bridge making has been interpreted in terms of one who smoothes the way for the gods and to the gods van haeperen françoise 2002 le collège pontifical 3ème s a c 4ème s p c in series études de philologie d archéologie et d histoire anciennes no 39 brussels brepols isbn 90 74461 49 2 reviewed in bryn mawr classical review 2003 archived 7 november 2003 at the wayback machine 1 2 smith william ed 1875 pontifex dictionary of greek and roman antiquities london j murray pp 939 942 liddell henry george scott robert eds a greek english lexicon oxford university press archived from the original on 21 may 2013 retrieved 18 february 2013 via perseus uchicago edu polybius 23 1 2 and 32 22 5 corpus inscriptionum atticarum 3 43 3 428 und 3 458 translated literally into greek as ancient greek ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος greatest high priest in corpus inscriptionum graecarum 2 2696 and 3 346 plutarch numa 9 4 liddell and scott ἀρχιερεύς there are 35 instances of the use of this term in the vulgate mark 15 11 john 7 45 11 47 11 49 11 51 11 57 18 3 18 10 18 13 18 15 16 18 22 18 24 18 26 18 35 19 6 19 15 19 21 hebrews 2 17 3 1 4 14 15 5 ...
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