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ns subsection 10 1 temple 10 2 asrama 10 3 monasticism 11 history 12 demographics 13 see also toggle see also subsection 13 1 hinduism 13 2 related systems and religions 14 notes 15 references 16 sources 17 further reading toggle further reading subsection 17 1 encyclopedias 17 2 introductory 17 3 history 17 4 philosophy and theology 17 5 texts 18 external links toggle the table of contents hinduism 227 languages afrikaans alemannisch አማርኛ aragonés ænglisc अंगिका العربية الدارجة مصرى অসমীয়া asturianu kotava अवधी azərbaycanca تۆرکجه башҡортса basa bali boarisch žemaitėška bikol central беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български भोजपुरी bislama banjar ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ বাংলা བོད ཡིག বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী brezhoneg bosanski batak mandailing буряад català 閩東語 mìng dĕ̤ng ngṳ̄ нохчийн cebuano کوردی corsu qırımtatarca čeština чӑвашла cymraeg dansk deutsch zazaki डोटेली ދިވެހިބަސް ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara estremeñu فارسی fulfulde suomi võro føroyskt français arpetan nordfriisk furlan frysk gaeilge 贛語 kriyòl gwiyannen gàidhlig galego avañe ẽ गोंयची कोंकणी gõychi konknni bahasa hulontalo 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 ગુજરાતી עברית हिन्दी fiji hindi hrvatski kreyòl ayisyen magyar հայերեն արեւմտահայերէն interlingua jaku iban bahasa indonesia interlingue igbo ilokano гӏалгӏай ido íslenska medžuslovjansky italiano 日本語 patois la lojban jawa ქართული qaraqalpaqsha kabɩyɛ қазақша ភាសាខ្មែរ ಕನ್ನಡ yerwa kanuri 한국어 کٲشُر kurdî kernowek кыргызча latina ladino lëtzebuergesch лезги lingua franca nova limburgs ligure lombard ລາວ lietuvių latviešu madhurâ मगही मैथिली basa banyumasan мокшень malagasy олык марий minangkabau македонски മലയാളം монгол ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ ဘာသာမန် मराठी bahasa melayu malti mirandés မြန်မာဘာသာ مازِرونی nedersaksies plattdüütsch नेपाली नेपाल भाषा nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål nouormand occitan livvinkarjala ଓଡ଼ିଆ ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ kapampangan papiamentu picard पालि polski piemontèis پنجابی پښتو português runa simi ရခိုင် rumantsch romani čhib română русский русиньскый ikinyarwanda संस्कृतम् саха тыла ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ sicilianu scots سنڌي davvisámegiella sängö srpskohrvatski српскохрватски တႆး සිංහල simple english slovenčina سرائیکی slovenščina gagana samoa chishona soomaaliga shqip српски srpski sunda svenska kiswahili தமிழ் ತುಳು తెలుగు тоҷикӣ ไทย türkmençe tagalog toki pona tok pisin türkçe xitsonga татарча tatarça тыва дыл ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vèneto vepsän kel tiếng việt walon winaray 吴语 მარგალური ייִדיש yorùbá vahcuengh zeêuws ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ 文言 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 isizulu edit links article talk english read view source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read view source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects abstract wikipedia wikimedia commons wikibooks wikinews wikiquote wikiversity wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia range of indian religious traditions part of a series on hinduism hindus mythology origin and history dravidian folk religion indus valley civilisation itihasa purana epic puranic royal genealogies epic puranic chronology śramaṇa tribal religions vedic religion sampradaya traditions shaktism shaivism kapalika pashupata pratyabhijña smartism vaishnavism pancharatra other denominations deities trimurti brahma shiva vishnu tridevi saraswati lakshmi parvati others vedic deities agni chandra indra tridasha adityas ashvins rudras vasus post vedic dashavatara krishna rama ganesha hanuman kartikeya shakti amman durga kali radha sita concepts cosmology guṇa mythology pancha bhuta panchikarana prakṛti pramana shabda purusha tanmatras tattva supreme reality brahman nirguna saguna om saccidānanda god deva devata devi god and gender ishvara puruṣārtha meaning of life artha dharma kama moksha āśrama stages of life brahmacharya gṛhastha sannyasa vānaprastha saṃsāra cycle of birth and death karma maya pāpa mahapataka paramātman prāyaścitta punya mind and ethics achourya ahamkara ahimsa akrodha ānanda anātman antahkarana arishadvargas arjava ātman dayā dāna niti śastra shraddha mitahara niyama aparigraha prajña samatva santosha sastra pramanam satya shaucha svādhyāya dama sūkṣma śarīra titiksha vairagya viveka yamas practices worship arti bhajan bhakti dāna exorcism homa japa kirtan murti prarthana puja temple matha sevā śrauta tarpana tirtha tirthadana vrata yajna yatra meditation dhyana nididhyāsana tapas yoga asana bhakti yoga hatha yoga jnana yoga karma yoga kundalini yoga rāja yoga sādhanā sadhu yogi yogini rites of passage annaprashana antyesti chudakarana garbhadhana jatakarma karnavedha keshanta nāmakaraṇa nishkramana pumsavana simantonayana pumsavana ritushuddhi samavartanam simantonnayana upanayana vidyāraṃbhaṃ vivaha festivals diwali ganesh chaturthi holi janmashtami kumbh mela maha shivaratri navaratri durga puja ramlila vijayadashami makar sankranti new year bihu puthandu ugadi vaisakhi vishu pongal onam raksha bandhan rama navami ratha yatra vasant panchami philosophical schools six astika schools samkhya yoga nyaya vaisheshika mīmāṃsā vedanta advaita dvaita vishishtadvaita achintya bheda abheda shuddhadvaita svabhavika bhedabheda akshar purushottam darshan other schools ājīvika buddhism jainism charvaka gurus rishi philosophers ancient saptarshi vashistha kashyapa atri jamadagni gotama vishvamitra bharadwaja agastya angiras aruni ashtavakra jaimini kanada kapila patanjali pāṇini prashastapada raikva satyakama jabala valmiki vyasa yajnavalkya medieval abhinavagupta adi shankara akka mahadevi allama alvars basava chaitanya ramdas kathiababa chakradhara changdev dadu dayal eknath gangesha gaudapada gorakshanath haridasa thakur harivansh jagannatha dasa jayanta bhatta jayatirtha jiva goswami jñāneśvar kabir kanaka dasa kumārila bhaṭṭa madhusūdana sarasvatī madhvacharya matsyendranatha morya gosavi mukundraj namdev narahari tirtha narasimha saraswati nayanars nimbarkacharya srinivasacharya prabhākara purandara dasa raghavendra swami raghunatha siromani raghuttama tirtha ram charan ramananda ramanuja ramprasad sen ravidas rupa goswami samarth ramdas sankardev satyanatha tirtha siddheshwar sripada srivallabha sripadaraja surdas swaminarayan syama sastri thiruvalluvar tukaram tulsidas tyagaraja vācaspati miśra vadiraja tirtha vallabha vedanta desika vidyaranya vyasaraja modern sri aurobindo bhaktisiddhanta sarasvati bhaktivinoda thakur chandrashekarendra saraswati chinmayananda dayananda saraswati jaggi vasudev krishnananda saraswati mahavatar babaji mahesh yogi narayana guru nigamananda nisargadatta maharaj prabhupada radhakrishnan r d ranade ramakrishna rama tirtha ramana maharshi ravi shankar ramdas samarth sathya sai baba shirdi sai baba shraddhanand satyadhyana tirtha siddharameshwar maharaj sivananda saraswati trailanga u g krishnamurti upasni maharaj vethathiri maharishi vivekananda yogananda texts sources and classification of scripture śruti smṛti ācāra ātmatuṣṭi scriptures timeline of hindu texts vedas rigveda yajurveda samaveda atharvaveda divisions samhita brahmana aranyaka upanishads upanishads principal upanishads rigveda aitareya kaushitaki yajurveda brihadaranyaka isha taittiriya katha shvetashvatara maitri samaveda chandogya kena atharvaveda mundaka mandukya prashna vedangas shiksha chandas vyākaraṇa nirukta kalpa jyotisha other scriptures bhagavad gita agama s hinduism itihasas ramayana mahabharata puranas vishnu purana bhagavata purana devi bhagavata purana naradiya purana vāmana purana matsya purana garuda purana brahma purana brahmanda purana brahma vaivarta purana bhavishya purana padma purana agni purana shiva purana linga purana kūrma purana skanda purana varaha purana markandeya purana upavedas ayurveda dhanurveda gandharvaveda sthapatyaveda shastras sutras and samhitas arthashastra brahma sutras charaka samhita dharma shastra kama sutra natya shastra nyāya sūtras panchatantra pramana sutras purva mimamsa sutras ramcharitmanas samkhya pravachana sutra shilpa shastras shiva swarodaya sushruta samhita vaiśeṣika sūtra yoga sutras yoga vasistha stotras stutis and bhashya abirami antati hanuman chalisa kanakadhara stotra kanda shasti kavasam shiva stuti vayu stuti tamil literature athichudi eighteen greater texts eighteen lesser texts five great epics iraiyanar akapporul kamba ramayanam kural naalayira divya prabandham thiruvilaiyadal puranam tirumurai tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai tiruppukal vinayagar agaval other texts hindu culture and society society caste varna brahmin kshatriya vaishya shudra jāti dalit adivasi untouchability by region india nepal bali united states dasa dvija gotra kayastha hindu art bhagavata mela bharatanatyam bommalattam carnatic music hindu iconography kai silambattam kalaripayattu kavadi aattam kathak kathakali kolattam koothu kuchipudi manipuri mayilattam mohiniyattam nritta nritya odissi pandav lila rasa sattriya yakshagana yantra hindu architecture hindu temple architecture talamana vastu shastra hindu music alankāra raga sangita shruti svara tala vadya food and diet jhatka mitahara sattvic vrata time keeping practices calendar panchangam shaka era units of time vikram samvat other society related topics discrimination persecution nationalism organisations reform movements other topics hinduism by country balinese hinduism caribbean shaktism greater india hinduism other religions hinduism and jainism and buddhism and sikhism and judaism and christianity and islam glossary outline hinduism portal v t e part of a series on religion outline index timeline aspects behaviour clergy conversion denomination disaffiliation education school laity monasticism prayer ritual symbols text worship beliefs acosmism animism anthropopathism dualism and nondualism fideism mysticism omnism spiritualism shamanism transcendentalism theism classical theism henotheism monotheism kathenotheism panentheism pantheism polytheism transtheism concepts afterlife cult deity elite religion experience meditation faith folk religion lived religion miracle mythology prophecy reincarnation revelation salvation spirit soul supernatural truth society discrimination freedom gender happiness lgbtq people politics science sexuality suicide vegetarianism violence persecution war wealth studies anthropology cognitive science comparative eschatology evolutionary origin evolutionary psychology history neurotheology philosophy psychology sociology soteriology theology theories about religion religions historical ancient egyptian ancient greek gnosticism ancient roman mithraism ancient mesopotamian prehistoric proto indo iranian world buddhism christianity hinduism jainism islam sikhism indigenous african traditional chinese taoism judaism korean native american mandaeism samaritanism shinto vietnamese yazidism zoroastrianism new bábism baháʼí goddess modern paganism new age tenrikyo ufo religion raëlism category portal v t e part of a series on indo european topics languages list of indo european languages extant albanoid albanian armenian balto slavic baltic slavic celtic germanic hellenic greek indo iranian indo aryan iranian nuristani italic romance extinct anatolian tocharian paleo balkan dacian illyrian liburnian messapic mysian paeonian phrygian thracian reconstructed proto indo european language phonology sound laws accent ablaut hypothetical balkanic daco thracian graeco albanian graeco armenian graeco aryan graeco phrygian indo hittite italo celtic thraco illyrian grammar vocabulary root verbs nouns pronouns numerals particles other proto albanian proto anatolian proto armenian proto germanic proto norse proto italo celtic proto celtic proto italic proto greek proto balto slavic proto slavic proto baltic proto indo iranian proto indo aryan proto iranian proto nuristani philology anitta text hittite inscriptions hieroglyphic luwian linear b rigveda avesta homer behistun greek epigraphy phrygian epigraphy messapic epigraphy latin epigraphy gaulish epigraphy runic epigraphy ogham gothic bible bible translations into armenian tocharian script old irish glosses albanian kanun origins homeland proto indo europeans society religion mainstream steppe theory proto indo european homeland indo european migrations eurasian nomads alternative anatolian hypothesis armenian hypothesis fringe beech argument indigenous aryanism baltic homeland paleolithic continuity theory archaeology chalcolithic copper age pontic steppe domestication of the horse kurgan kurgan stelae kurgan culture steppe cultures bug dniester sredny stog dnieper donets samara khvalynsk yamnaya mikhailovka culture novotitarovskaya culture caucasus maykop east asia afanasievo eastern europe usatove cernavodă cucuteni northern europe corded ware baden middle dnieper bronze age pontic steppe chariot yamnaya catacomb multi cordoned ware poltavka srubnaya northern eastern steppe abashevo culture andronovo sintashta europe globular amphora corded ware bell beaker únětice trzciniec nordic bronze age terramare tumulus urnfield proto villanovan lusatian este south asia bishkent vakhsh bmac ochre coloured pottery copper hoard cemetery h gandhara grave iron age steppe chernoles europe thraco cimmerian hallstatt latial jastorf caucasus colchian central asia yaz india painted grey ware northern black polished ware peoples and societies bronze age anatolian peoples hittites armenians mycenaean greeks indo iranians iron age indo aryans indo aryans iranians iranians nuristanis nuristanis east asia wusun yuezhi europe celts gauls celtiberians insular celts cimmerians hellenic peoples italic peoples germanic peoples paleo balkan anatolia thracians dacians illyrians paeonians phrygians scythians middle ages east asia tocharians europe albanians balts slavs norsemen medieval scandinavians middle ages indo aryan medieval india iranian greater iran religion and mythology reconstructed proto indo european mythology proto indo iranian religion historical hittite indo aryan vedic hinduism non vedic greater magadha śramaṇa iranian ancient persian zoroastrianism kurdish yazidism yarsanism scythian ossetian others armenian european paleo balkan albanian illyrian thracian dacian greek roman celtic irish scottish breton welsh cornish germanic anglo saxon continental norse baltic latvian lithuanian slavic practices fire rituals horse sacrifice sati winter solstice yule indo european studies scholars marija gimbutas j p mallory institutes copenhagen studies in indo european publications encyclopedia of indo european culture the horse the wheel and language journal of indo european studies indogermanisches etymologisches wörterbuch indo european etymological dictionary category v t e hinduism ˈ h ɪ n d u ˌ ɪ z əm 1 is an umbrella term 2 3 a for a range of indian religious and spiritual traditions sampradaya s 4 note 1 that are unified by adherence to dharma a cosmic order maintained by its followers through rituals ...
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