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tb 2001 0863 pmc 1088480 pmid 11405934 kalish ml wolfe nd ndongmo cb mcnicholl j robbins ke aidoo m fonjungo pn alemnji g zeh c djoko cf mpoudi ngole e burke ds folks tm 2005 central african hunters exposed to simian immunodeficiency virus emerging infectious diseases 11 12 1928 30 doi 10 3201 eid1112 050394 pmc 3367631 pmid 16485481 1 2 marx pa alcabes pg drucker e 2001 serial human passage of simian immunodeficiency virus by unsterile injections and the emergence of epidemic human immunodeficiency virus in africa philosophical transactions of the royal society b 356 1410 911 20 doi 10 1098 rstb 2001 0867 pmc 1088484 pmid 11405938 worobey m gemmel m teuwen de haselkorn t kunstman k bunce m muyembe jj kabongo jm kalengayi rm van marck e gilbert mt wolinsky sm 2008 direct evidence of extensive diversity of hiv 1 in kinshasa by 1960 nature 455 7213 661 4 bibcode 2008natur 455 661w doi 10 1038 nature07390 pmc 3682493 pmid 18833279 1 2 de sousa jd müller v lemey p vandamme am 2010 martin dp ed high gud incidence in the early 20th century created a particularly permissive time window for the origin and initial spread of epidemic hiv strains plos one 5 4 e9936 bibcode 2010ploso 5 9936s doi 10 1371 journal pone 0009936 pmc 2848574 pmid 20376191 zhu t korber bt nahmias aj hooper e sharp pm ho dd 1998 an african hiv 1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic nature 391 6667 594 7 bibcode 1998natur 391 594z doi 10 1038 35400 pmid 9468138 s2cid 4416837 kolata g october 28 1987 boy s 1969 death suggests aids invaded u s several times the new york times retrieved february 11 2009 chitnis a rawls d moore j january 2000 origin of hiv type 1 in colonial french equatorial africa aids research and human retroviruses 16 1 5 8 doi 10 1089 088922200309548 pmid 10628811 s2cid 17783758 mcneil d jr september 16 2010 precursor to h i v was in monkeys for millennia the new york times archived from the original on january 3 2022 retrieved september 17 2010 dr marx believes that the crucial event was the introduction into africa of millions of inexpensive mass produced syringes in the 1950s suspect that the growth of colonial cities is to blame before 1910 no central african town had more than 10 000 people but urban migration rose increasing sexual contacts and leading to red light districts 1 2 wertheim jo worobey m may 2009 dating the age of the siv lineages that gave rise to hiv 1 and hiv 2 plos computational biology 5 5 e1000377 bibcode 2009plscb 5e0377w doi 10 1371 journal pcbi 1000377 pmc 2669881 pmid 19412344 on this day news record may 18 2020 pp 2a mandell gl bennett je dolin r eds 2010 chapter 169 mandell douglas and bennett s principles and practice of infectious diseases 7th ed philadelphia churchill livingstone elsevier isbn 978 0 443 06839 3 page needed gottlieb ms 2006 pneumocystis pneumonia los angeles 1981 american journal of public health 96 6 980 981 discussion 982 983 doi 10 2105 ajph 96 6 980 pmc 1470612 pmid 16714472 archived from the original on april 22 2009 friedman kien ae october 1981 disseminated kaposi s sarcoma syndrome in young homosexual men journal of the american academy of dermatology 5 4 468 471 doi 10 1016 s0190 9622 81 80010 2 pmid 7287964 hymes kb cheung t greene jb prose ns marcus a ballard h william dc laubenstein lj september 1981 kaposi s sarcoma in homosexual men a report of eight cases the lancet 2 8247 598 600 doi 10 1016 s0140 6736 81 92740 9 pmid 6116083 s2cid 43529542 1 2 basavapathruni a anderson ks december 2007 reverse transcription of the hiv 1 pandemic the faseb journal 21 14 3795 3808 doi 10 1096 fj 07 8697rev pmid 17639073 s2cid 24960391 lederberg j ed 2000 encyclopedia of microbiology 2nd ed burlington elsevier p 106 isbn 978 0 08 054848 7 retrieved june 9 2016 centers for disease control 1982 persistent generalized lymphadenopathy among homosexual males morbidity and mortality weekly report 31 19 249 251 pmid 6808340 1 2 barré sinoussi f chermann jc rey f nugeyre mt chamaret s gruest j dauguet c axler blin c vézinet brun f rouzioux c rozenbaum w montagnier l 1983 isolation of a t lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome aids science 220 4599 868 871 bibcode 1983sci 220 868b doi 10 1126 science 6189183 pmid 6189183 s2cid 390173 1 2 centers for disease control 1982 opportunistic infections and kaposi s sarcoma among haitians in the united states morbidity and mortality weekly report 31 26 353 354 360 361 pmid 6811853 altman lk may 11 1982 new homosexual disorder worries health officials the new york times retrieved august 31 2011 gilman sl 1987 gilmansl ed aids and syphilis the iconography of disease october 43 87 107 doi 10 2307 3397566 jstor 3397566 making headway under hellacious circumstances pdf american association for the advancement of science july 28 2006 archived from the original pdf on june 24 2008 retrieved june 23 2008 kher u july 27 1982 a name for the plague time archived from the original on march 7 2008 retrieved march 10 2008 centers for disease control 1982 update on acquired immune deficiency syndrome aids united states morbidity and mortality weekly report 31 37 507 508 513 514 pmid 6815471 gallo rc sarin ps gelmann ep robert guroff m richardson e kalyanaraman vs mann d sidhu gd stahl re zolla pazner s leibowitch j popovic m 1983 isolation of human t cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome aids science 220 4599 865 867 bibcode 1983sci 220 865g doi 10 1126 science 6601823 pmid 6601823 the 2008 nobel prize in physiology or medicine press release www nobelprize org retrieved january 28 2018 crewdson j may 30 1991 gallo admits french discovered aids virus chicago tribune retrieved april 25 2020 aldrich r wotherspoon g eds 2001 who s who in gay and lesbian history london routledge p 154 isbn 978 0 415 22974 6 levy ja et al 1984 isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from san francisco patients with aids science 225 4664 840 842 bibcode 1984sci 225 840l doi 10 1126 science 6206563 pmid 6206563 levy ja kaminsky ls morrow wj steimer k luciw p dina d hoxie j oshiro l 1985 infection by the retrovirus associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome annals of internal medicine 103 5 694 699 doi 10 7326 0003 4819 103 5 694 pmid 2996401 further reading berlier w bourlet t lawrence p hamzeh h lambert c genin c verrier b dieu nosjean mc pozzetto b delézay o 2005 selective sequestration of x4 isolates by human genital epithelial cells implication for virus tropism selection process during sexual transmission of hiv journal of medical virology 77 4 465 74 doi 10 1002 jmv 20478 pmid 16254974 s2cid 25762969 joint united nations programme on hiv aids unaids 2011 global hiv aids response epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access pdf joint united nations programme on hiv aids muciaccia b padula f vicini e gandini l lenzi a stefanini m 2005 beta chemokine receptors 5 and 3 are expressed on the head region of human spermatozoon the faseb journal 19 14 2048 50 doi 10 1096 fj 05 3962fje hdl 11573 361629 pmid 16174786 s2cid 7928126 external links hiv at wikipedia s sister projects definitions from wiktionary media from commons textbooks from wikibooks v t e hiv aids topics hiv hiv lentivirus structure and genome subtypes cdc classification disease progression rates hiv drug resistance database national addiction and hiv data archive program remission hiv aids diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research signs and symptoms vaccination prep who disease staging system for hiv infection and disease children teens adults countries by hiv prevalence rate conditions aids defining clinical condition cardiomyopathy diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome innate resistance lipodystrophy nephropathy neurocognitive disorders nutrition opportunistic infection kaposi s sarcoma pneumocystis pneumonia toxoplasmosis tuberculosis pregnancy pruritus serostatus superinfection history discredited origins theories epidemiology multiple sex partners notable patients berlin patient timothy ray brown city of hope patient gaëtan dugas london patient grethe rask robert rayford ryan white timeline world aids museum social activism act up gay men s health crisis aids orphan circumcision criminal transmission denialism discrimination against people economic impact cost of treatment hiv affected community hiv positive people men who have sex with men women hiv gov people with aids in the porn industry product red red ribbon religion catholic church safe sex sex education undetectable untransmittable culture aids memorial quilt ayds day without art european and developing countries clinical trials partnership elton john aids foundation the freddie mercury tribute concert free me the global fund international aids conference international aids society larry kramer reports from the holocaust aids holocaust metaphor media portrayal misconceptions president s emergency plan for aids relief silence death project film the sing campaign solidays treatment action campaign unaids world aids day yaa youthforce locations africa angola benin botswana democratic republic of the congo egypt eswatini ethiopia ghana guinea côte d ivoire ivory coast kenya lesotho madagascar malawi mali mozambique namibia niger nigeria rwanda senegal tanzania south africa uganda zambia zimbabwe asia afghanistan armenia azerbaijan bahrain bangladesh bhutan cambodia china prc yunnan india indonesia iran iraq japan jordan north korea laos malaysia myanmar burma nepal pakistan philippines saudi arabia sri lanka taiwan thailand timor leste united arab emirates turkey vietnam europe russia ukraine united kingdom north america canada el salvador guatemala honduras mexico nicaragua united states new york city caribbean dominican republic haiti jamaica south america argentina bolivia brazil colombia guyana peru uruguay oceania australia new zealand papua new guinea list of hiv aids cases and deaths registered by region list of hiv positive people v t e sexually transmitted infections sti bacterial chancroid haemophilus ducreyi chlamydia lymphogranuloma venereum chlamydia trachomatis donovanosis klebsiella granulomatis gonorrhea neisseria gonorrhoeae mycoplasma hominis infection mycoplasma hominis syphilis treponema pallidum ureaplasma infection ureaplasma urealyticum parasitic protozoal trichomoniasis trichomonas vaginalis intestinal protozoan parasites sexually transmitted entamoeba histolytica giardia duodenalis blastocystis sp other non pathogenic intestinal amoebas other parasites crab louse pthirus pubis scabies sarcoptes scabiei var hominis others enterobius vermicularis strongyloides stercoralis viral aids hiv 1 hiv 2 cancer cervical vulvar penile anal human papillomavirus hpv genital warts condyloma hepatitis b hepatitis b virus herpes simplex hsv 1 hsv 2 hsv epigenetics molluscum contagiosum mcv zika fever zika virus general inflammation female cervicitis pelvic inflammatory disease pid male epididymitis prostatitis either proctitis urethritis non gonococcal urethritis ngu v t e virus reverse transcribing viruses revtraviricetes blubervirales hepadnaviridae avihepadnavirus duck hepatitis b virus heron hepatitis b virus herpetohepadnavirus metahepadnavirus orthohepadnavirus ground squirrel hepatitis virus hepatitis b virus woodchuck hepatitis virus woolly monkey hepatitis b virus parahepadnavirus ortervirales ssrna rt viruses belpaoviridae semotivirus caenorhabditis elegans cer13 virus metaviridae errantivirus metavirus caenorhabditis elegans cer1 virus pseudoviridae hemivirus pseudovirus sirevirus retroviridae orthoretrovirinae alpharetrovirus avian sarcoma leukosis virus rous sarcoma virus betaretrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus deltaretrovirus human t lymphotropic virus htlv 1 htlv 2 3 4 simian t lymphotropic virus types 1 4 bovine leukemia virus epsilonretrovirus walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus gammaretrovirus murine leukemia virus abelson murine leukemia virus friend virus feline leukemia virus koala retrovirus korv xenotropic murine leukemia virus related virus lentivirus hiv human immunodeficiency viruses simian immunodeficiency viruses siv feline immunodeficiency virus fiv puma lentivirus plv equine infectious anemia virus eiav bovine immunodeficiency virus biv caprine arthritis encephalitis virus visna maedi virus spumaretrovirinae bovispumavirus equispumavirus felispumavirus feline foamy virus prosimiispumavirus simiispumavirus simian foamy virus human foamy virus dsdna rt viruses caulimoviridae badnavirus banana streak my virus cacao swollen shoot virus kalanchoe top spotting virus rubus yellow net virus caulimovirus carnation etched ring virus cauliflower mosaic virus strawberry vein banding virus cavemovirus cassava vein mosaic virus dioscovirus petuvirus rosadnavirus ruflodivirus solendovirus soymovirus soybean chlorotic mottle virus tungrovirus vaccinivirus endogenous erv fc ervwe1 hcp5 human teratocarcinoma derived virus human endogenous retrovirus w v t e science breakthroughs of the year science journal 1996 hiv understanding 1997 dolly the sheep 1998 accelerating universe 1999 stem cell 2000 whole genome sequencing 2001 nanocircuits or molecular circuit 2002 rna interference 2003 dark energy 2004 spirit rover 2005 evolution in action 2006 poincaré conjecture proof 2007 human genetic variation 2008 cellular reprogramming 2009 ardipithecus ramidus 2010 first quantum machine 2011 hptn 052 clinical trial 2012 higgs boson discovery 2013 cancer immunotherapy 2014 rosetta comet mission 2015 crispr genome editing method 2016 first observation of gravitational waves 2017 gw170817 neutron star merger 2018 single cell sequencing 2019 a black hole made visible 2020 covid 19 vaccines developed at record speed 2021 ai brings protein structures to all 2022 james webb space telescope debut 2023 glp 1 drugs 2024 lenacapavir 2025 renewable energy taxon identifiers hiv wikidata q15787 wikispecies human immunodeficiency virus ncbi 12721 taicol t0104138 human immunodeficiency virus 1 wikidata q18907320 wikispecies human immunodeficiency virus 1 col 3mt84 eol 540004 irmng 11460007 ncbi 11676 human immunodeficiency virus 2 wikidata q3552942 wikispecies human immunodeficiency virus 2 col 3mt85 eol 540005 irmng 11460008 ncbi 11709 authority control databases international gnd fast national united states france bnf data czech republic spain israel other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title hiv oldid 1373415749 categories hiv aids causes of death discovery and invention controversies iarc group 2b carcinogens lentiviruses sexually transmitted infections 1983 in biology zoonotic viral diseases hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata good articles wikipedia indefinitely semi protected pages wikipedia indefinitely move protected pages use mdy dates from december 2024 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