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cal science 35 1438 1444 leave a comment posted in anthropology archaeology archaeozoology buried dogs were divine escorts for ancient americans posted on april 29 2008 leave a comment hundreds of prehistoric dogs found buried throughout the south western united states show that canines played a key role in the spiritual beliefs of ancient americans new research suggests throughout the region dogs have been found buried with jewellery alongside adults and children carefully stacked in groups or in positions that relate to important structures said dody fugate an assistant curator at the museum of indian arts and culture in santa fe new mexico fugate has conducted an ongoing survey of known dog burials in the area and the findings suggest that the animals figured more prominently in their owners lives than simply as pets she said i m suggesting that the dogs in the new world in the southwest were used to escort people into the next world and sometimes they were used in certain rituals in place of people fugate said to conduct her research fugate collected data on known dog burials and urged her archaeologist colleagues to note when canine remains were found during excavations i have a database now of almost 700 dog burials and a large number of them are either buried in groups in places of ritual or they re buried with individual human beings she said many of the burials are concentrated in northwestern new mexico and along the arizona new mexico border she said fugate s database indicates that dog burials were most common between 400 bce and 1100 ce the earlier the human burial the more likely you are to have dog in it fugate said by the 1400s and 1500s the practice of burying people with dogs had stopped indeed she noted today s pueblo and navajo indians believe it is improper to bury dogs what the ancient dogs looked like is an open question she said but their remains suggest that they were far more diverse than was previously believed susan crockford is a zooarchaeologist at canada s university of victoria who has studied dog breeds in the pacific northwest she agreed that dog remains have often been overlooked during archaeological excavations archaeologists tend to examine animal bones at excavation sites with an eye to what humans were eating rather than what their relationships with dogs were like she said crockford suggested that dogs spiritual role was among their most important functions in the region second perhaps to their value as hunting or herding companions source national geographic news leave a comment posted in anthropology archaeology archaeozoology refutation of hobbit filling claim posted on april 25 2008 leave a comment and as a follow up to the last piece of news about the hobbit peter brown refutes flores filling claim leave a comment posted in anthropology archaeology blog carnival four stone hearth 39 posted on april 24 2008 leave a comment the 39th edition of the four stone hearth blog carnival can now be found over at hominin dental anthropology it s full of the usual anthropological and archaeological goodness so go and check it out leave a comment posted in anthropology archaeology faunal exploitation in the stone age posted on april 23 2008 leave a comment an interesting review of an in press paper on faunal exploitation in the middle and late stone age can be found at anthrosite s blog leave a comment posted in archaeozoology the archaeology of wool posted on april 22 2008 1 comment the first domestic sheep were introduced to britain during the neolithic c 4000 bc the only evidence of these sheep comes from their skeletal remains and they are presumed to have a coat not dissimilar to their wild forebears with bristly fibres known as kemps obscuring an undercoat of fine wool it is thought that the small brown soay sheep that survives in a feral state on st kilda off north west scotland best represents bronze age breeds in europe evidence for this coming from the similarity of skeletal remains with those of the soay and the similarity of wool in bronze age cloth with the fleece of the soay this wool was already much less hairy than the coat of wild sheep further changes to the coat appeared in the iron age when white sheep seem to make their first appearance white wool has been found in a scythian burial mound in central asia dated to c 400 bc but there was in fact a range of colour black white and grey in addition to the brown of the soay evidence for this comes from textile remains and surviving breeds roman textiles from britain and the continent show that more changes in fleece type took place at that time the predominant wool type at that time in addition to being white was fine to the naked eye it is presumed that selective breeding was taking place at this time sheep were found everywhere in england during saxon times as judged by place name evidence saxon wools are comparable to those of the roman period ranging from hairy medium wools through the generalised medium type to the true medium fleece and even the fine fleece evidence for the latter including some yielded from the sutton hoo burial at around this time many northern areas were occupied by those of viking descent and it is possible that some northern breeds contain norse and danish influence in the early middle ages the main function of sheep was to provide milk to make cheese for winter food wool manure and meat were by products in that order of importance breeds in the modern sense did not exist although a classification of sheep by fleece type was already in use by wool buyers records and the wool in cloth remains confim the persistence of coloured sheep the predominant fleece type appears to be the hairy medium generalised medium fleece comparable to the surviving short tailed and vari coloured breeds in orkney and shetland skeletal remains support this conclusion reference ryder ml 1984 medieval sheep and wool types the agricultural history review 32 1 14 28 1 comment posted in archaeozoology the boneyard edition 18 posted on april 19 2008 1 comment welcome to the 18th edition of the boneyard the blog carnival devoted to all things palaeo from dinosaurs to pollen to hominids and everywhere in between we begin this latest edition in the middle palaeolithic with julien riel salvatore of a very remote period indeed who discusses the interpretation of a new isotopic study of neanderthal diet based on material from a neanderthal tooth from the french middle paleolitihic site of jonzac a little further back time we find tim jones at remote central discussing pre clovis humans in the oregon high desert whilst at the same blog terry toohill puts human evolution on trial north to alaska meanwhile here at archaeozoology we examine the later evolution of pleistocene horses in the new world we move into the tertiary period with emile of the world we don t live in who discusses the oreodonts the tylopods successful venture meanwhile brian switek at laelaps describes the truly terrifying entelodonts of the early miocene and oligocene in the same blog we also find a tale of another fearsome predator this time of the middle eocene the bad cat from wyoming the largest meat eating mammal from what would become the wind river formation travelling back into the mesozoic we have two blogs about the ever popular topic of dinosaurs darren naish of tetrapod zoology talks about the land where the scelidosaurs and iguanodontians roam whilst grrlscientist at living the scientific life scientist interrupted reviews what bugged the dinosaurs insects disease and death in the cretaceous by george poinar jr and roberta poinar david hone of archosaur musings brings us a series of three posts on the early triassic pterosaur raeticodactylus filisurensis part one describes the pterosaur part two introduces rico stecher the man behind raeticodactylus and part three is an interview with rico about his work also from the triassic comes the story of enigmatic hellasaurs some of the most important insect fossils in the world from the madygen formation of kyrgyzstan courtesy of microecos reaching the permo triassic boundary we find peter ward discussing suspending life in seed magazine if almost every species on earth was killed some 250 million years ago how did our ancient ancestors survive and evolve into us we take a look at ancient plant life with christopher taylor of catalogue of organisms as he tells us about prototaxites one of the giants of the silurian dinochick meanwhile brings us more proof that only money speaks in a discussion of the recent news about fossils for sale we finish on a lighter note with zach of when pigs fly returns and spinodracus dysonii the porcupine dragon thanks go to everyone who contributed to this edition of the boneyard the next edition will be hosted by familiarity breeds content on may 3rd 1 comment posted in anthropology archaeology archaeozoology geology science pleistocene horses in the new world posted on april 17 2008 2 comments the later evolution of horses can be problematic and this is perhaps best illustrated in the americas where more than 50 species of pleistocene equids have been named most of them during the 19th and early 20th centuries weinstock et al 2005 0001 whilst it has been argued that this number should be drastically revised no consensus has as yet been reached about the number of valid species or their phylogenetic relationships weinstock et al 2005 0001 it was to address this problem that a recent study by weinstock et al looked at a segment of between 349 and 716 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region of fossil equid remains from a number of different localities in north and south america and eurasia ranging in date from c 53 000 years ago to historical times weinstock et al 2005 0002 using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis resolved hippidion new world stilt legged horses nwsl and caballines including the domestic horse equus caballus and the extant wild przewalskii horse as three genetically divergent species within a monophyletic group weinstock et al 2005 0002 african zebras and asses and asian asses onager and kiang form a basal polytomy weinstock et al 2005 0002 however the close phylogenetic relationship between hippidion and caballine horses is in direct contrast to palaeontological models of hippidiform origins weinstock et al 2005 0002 benton 1997 342 it is suggested that the origin of hippidion should not be seen as a descendent of miocene pliohippines instead its origins appear to be more recent probably during the last stages of the pliocene c 3 ma which is close to the time of the first fossil occurrence of this genus weinstock et al 2005 0003 this is in opposition to views expressed by authors such as mcfadden 1997 who claim that hippidiforms genera hippidion and onohippidium were present in north america as early as the late miocene c 7 8 ma the situation with the phylogenetic position of the nwsl is also apparently resolved with the molecular evidence which places them as north american endemics tather than eurasian migrants weinstock et al 2005 0003 specimens from both north alaska yukon and south wyoming nevada of the pleistocene ice sheets clearly belong to the same taxon this apparent large geographic distribution raises the possibility that other late pleistocene nwsl currently described as different species e francisci e tau e quinni e cf hemionus e asinus cf kiang may in fact represent the same taxon weinstock et al 2005 0003 their origins probably lie south of the pleistocene ice sheets where mid pleistocene remains c 0 5 ma with similar limb characteristics have been found weinstock et al 2005 0003 frequencies of nwsl are much lower in the north and they appear to have a restricted temporal distribution it would appear that despite their presence in eastern beringia unglaciated alaska yukon they failed to disperse through the bering land bridge into western beringia north east siberia weinstock et al 2005 0003 all caballine horses from western europe to eastern beringia including the domestic horse would appear to be a single holarctic species weinstock et al 2005 0003 this group can be split into two major clades the first is broadly distributed from central europe to north america north and south of the ice the second clade appears to have been restricted to north america if present in the old world at all it would appear to have disappeared before domestication of the horse took place around 5 000 years bp as all domestic horses cluster in the first clade weinstock et al 2005 0004 reference benton mj 1997 vertebrate palaeontology second edition london chapman and hall mcfadden bj 1997 pleistocene horses from tarija bolivia and the validity of the genus onohippidium mammalia equidae journal of vertebrate palaeontology 17 199 218 weinstock j willerslev e sher a tong w ho syw rubenstein d storer j burns j martin l bravi c prieto a froese d scott e xulong l and cooper a 2005 evolution systematics and phylogeography of pleistocene horses in the new world a molecular perspective plos biology 3 8 0001 0007 2 comments posted in archaeozoology geology science the hobbit saga continues posted on april 16 2008 leave a comment john hawks discusses the latest development in the on going saga of the hobbit in was homo floresiensis the tooth fairy leave a comment posted in anthropology archaeology older posts newer posts search it search for recent entries integrating phytoliths within use wear residue studies of stone tools heritage of a deadly disease pinpointed with help from iceland s genealogical database the mystery of mass extinctions is no longer murky blog carnival four stone hearth 43 new research refutes myth of pure scandinavian race greek horse burials bandurria may be the oldest peruvian site blog carnival four stone hearth 41 bird worshipping cult in cornwall chickens in oceania links a corner of tenth century europe a very remote period 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