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account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 adoption 2 design 3 components 4 licensing model 5 see also 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents docker software 45 languages العربية azərbaycanca basa bali беларуская български bosanski català کوردی čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית हिन्दी magyar italiano 日本語 한국어 lombard latviešu മലയാളം bahasa melayu nederlands polski português runa simi русский simple english slovenčina shqip српски srpski svenska kiswahili ślůnski türkçe українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects abstract wikipedia wikimedia commons mediawiki wikiversity wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia software for deploying containerized applications this article is about the containerization software for the company see docker inc docker screenshot of docker engine commands original author solomon hykes developer docker inc release march 20 2013 13 years ago 2013 03 20 1 stable release 29 8 1 2 15 september 2026 written in go 3 operating system linux windows macos platform x86 64 arm s390x ppc64le type os level virtualization license apache 2 0 license docker engine for linux only end user license agreement docker desktop 4 website www docker com repository github com docker former logo docker is a set of products that uses operating system level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers docker automates the deployment of applications within lightweight containers enabling them to run consistently across different computing environments the core software that runs and manages these containers is called docker engine docker was first released in 2013 and continues to be developed by docker inc the platform includes both free and paid tiers history edit solomon hykes fr started the docker project in france as an internal project within dotcloud a platform as a service company 5 dotcloud inc was founded by kamel founadi hykes and sebastien pahl 6 during the y combinator summer 2010 startup incubator group and launched in 2011 and renamed to docker inc in 2013 7 docker debuted to the public in santa clara at pycon in 2013 8 it was released as open source in march 2013 9 at the time it used lxc as its default execution environment one year later with the release of version 0 9 docker replaced lxc with its own component libcontainer which was written in the go programming language 10 11 in 2017 docker created the moby project wd for open research and development 12 in march 2026 the communications of the acm featured docker as the cover article in a retrospective article of the past decade 13 adoption edit this section is in list format but may read better as prose you can help by converting this section if appropriate editing help is available september 2026 september 19 2013 red hat and docker announced a collaboration around fedora red hat enterprise linux rhel and openshift 14 october 15 2014 microsoft announced the integration of the docker engine into windows server as well as native support for the docker client role in windows 15 16 november 2014 docker container services were announced for the amazon elastic compute cloud ec2 17 november 10 2014 docker announced a partnership with stratoscale 18 december 4 2014 ibm announced a strategic partnership with docker that enables docker to integrate more closely with the ibm cloud 19 june 22 2015 docker and several other companies announced that they were working on a new vendor and operating system independent standard for software containers 20 21 december 2015 oracle cloud added docker container support after acquiring stackengine a docker container startup 22 march 2016 docker for mac and windows betas released 23 24 april 2016 windocks an independent software vendor released a port of docker s open source project to windows supporting windows server 2012 r2 and server 2016 with all editions of sql server 2008 onward 25 may 2016 analysis showed the following organizations as main contributors to docker the docker team cisco google huawei ibm microsoft and red hat 26 june 8 2016 microsoft announced that docker could now be used natively on windows 10 27 january 2017 an analysis of linkedin profile mentions showed docker presence grew by 160 in 2016 28 may 6 2019 microsoft announced the second version of windows subsystem for linux wsl docker inc announced that it had started working on a version of docker for windows to run on wsl 2 29 in particular this meant docker could run on windows 10 home previously it was limited to windows pro and enterprise since it used hyper v august 2020 microsoft announced a backport of wsl2 to windows 10 versions 1903 and 1909 previously wsl2 was available only on version 2004 30 and docker developers announced availability of docker for these platforms 31 august 2021 docker desktop for windows and macos was no longer available free of charge for enterprise users docker ended free docker desktop use for larger business customers and replaced its free plan with a personal plan docker engine on linux distributions remained unaffected 32 december 2023 docker acquired atomicjar to expand its testing capabilities 33 march 2026 visualdock server a server side environment for running and managing docker containers on windows server was released 34 design edit docker can use different interfaces to access virtualization features of the linux kernel 35 containers are isolated from one another and bundle their own software libraries and configuration files they can communicate with each other through well defined channels 36 because all of the containers share the services of a single operating system kernel they use fewer resources than virtual machines 37 docker can package an application and its dependencies in a virtual container that can in principle run on any linux windows or macos computer this enables the application to run in a variety of locations such as on premises in public see decentralized computing distributed computing and cloud computing or private cloud 38 when running on linux docker uses the resource isolation features of the linux kernel such as cgroups and kernel namespaces and a union capable file system such as overlayfs 39 to allow containers to run within a single linux instance avoiding the overhead of starting and maintaining virtual machines docker on macos uses a linux virtual machine to run the containers 40 because docker containers are lightweight a single server or virtual machine can run several containers simultaneously 41 a 2018 analysis found that a typical docker use case involves running eight containers per host and that a quarter of analyzed organizations run 18 or more per host 42 it can also be installed on a single board computer like the raspberry pi 43 the linux kernel s support for namespaces mostly 44 isolates an application s view of the operating environment including process trees network user ids and mounted file systems while the kernel s cgroups provide resource limiting for memory and cpu 45 since version 0 9 docker includes its own component called libcontainer to use virtualization facilities provided directly by the linux kernel in addition to using abstracted virtualization interfaces via libvirt lxc and systemd nspawn 10 35 38 46 docker implements a high level api to provide lightweight containers that run processes in isolation 9 components edit the docker software as a service offering consists of three components software the docker daemon called dockerd is a persistent process that manages docker containers and handles container objects the daemon listens for requests that are sent via the docker engine api 47 48 the docker client program called docker provides a command line interface cli that allows users to interact with docker daemons 47 49 objects docker objects are various entities used to assemble an application in docker the main classes of docker objects are images containers and services 47 a docker container is a standardized encapsulated environment that runs applications 50 a container is managed using the docker api or cli 47 a docker image is a read only template used to build containers images are used to store and ship applications 47 a docker service allows containers to be scaled across multiple docker daemons the result is known as a swarm a set of cooperating daemons that communicate through the docker api 47 registries a docker registry is a repository for docker images docker clients connect to registries to download pull images for use or upload push images that they have built registries can be public or private the main public registry is docker hub docker hub is the default registry where docker looks for images 47 51 docker registries also allow the creation of notifications based on events 52 a dockerfile is a text file that commonly specifies several aspects of a docker image the linux distribution installation commands for the programming language runtime environment and application source code an example of a dockerfile 53 arg code_version latest from ubuntu code_version copy examplefile txt examplefile txt env my_env_variable example_value run apt get update mount a directory from the docker volume note this is usually specified in the docker run command volume myvolume expose a port 22 for ssh expose 22 docker compose is a tool for defining and running multi container docker applications 54 it uses yaml files to configure the application s services and performs the creation and start up process of all the containers with a single command the docker compose cli utility allows users to run commands on multiple containers at once for example building images scaling containers running containers that were stopped and more 55 commands related to image manipulation or user interactive options are not relevant in docker compose because they address one container 56 the docker compose yml file is used to define an application s services and includes various configuration options for example the build option defines configuration options such as the dockerfile path the command option allows one to override default docker commands and more 57 the first public beta version of docker compose version 0 0 1 was released on december 21 2013 58 the first production ready version 1 0 was made available on october 16 2014 59 docker swarm provides native clustering functionality for docker containers which turns a group of docker engines into a single virtual docker engine 60 in docker 1 12 and higher swarm mode is integrated with docker engine 61 the docker swarm cli 62 utility allows users to run swarm containers create discovery tokens list nodes in the cluster and more 63 the docker node cli utility allows users to run various commands to manage nodes in a swarm for example listing the nodes in a swarm updating nodes and removing nodes from the swarm 64 docker manages swarms using the raft consensus algorithm according to raft for an update to be performed the majority of swarm nodes need to agree on the update 65 66 in addition to the docker swarm cli docker stack is a tool designed to manage swarm services with greater flexibility it can use a configuration file very similar to a docker compose yml with a few nuances using docker stack instead of docker compose offers several advantages such as the ability to manage a swarm cluster across multiple machines or the capability to work with docker secret combined with docker context a feature that allows executing docker commands on a remote host enabling remote container management docker volume facilitates the independent persistence of data allowing data to remain even after the container is deleted or re created 67 licensing model edit the docker engine is licensed under the apache license 2 0 docker desktop distributes some components that are licensed under the gnu general public license docker desktop is not free for large enterprises 68 the dockerfile files can be licensed under an open source license the scope of such a license statement is only the dockerfile and not the container image 69 see also edit linux portal devops integration of software development and operations gvisor linux software project developed by google kubernetes open source container software microservices collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications open container initiative open standards software project service component architecture software technology references edit barbier julien june 9 2014 it s here docker 1 0 docker docker inc retrieved september 30 2019 v29 8 1 september 15 2026 retrieved september 16 2026 docker source code docker distribution repo docker inc october 12 2015 retrieved october 24 2015 via github docker desktop license agreement september 11 2024 one home for all your apps dotcloud com archived from the original on may 17 2014 retrieved may 8 2014 hykes solomon march 28 2018 au revoir docker com retrieved january 23 2021 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link about the dotcloud platform dotcloud archived from the original on july 2 2014 retrieved june 23 2019 the future of linux containers dotcloud channel march 21 2013 retrieved july 13 2018 via youtube 1 2 avram abel march 27 2013 docker automated and consistent software deployments infoq retrieved august 9 2013 1 2 vaughan nichols steven j june 11 2014 docker libcontainer unifies linux container powers zdnet retrieved july 30 2014 swan chris march 13 2014 docker drops lxc as default execution environment infoq retrieved january 20 2015 demystifying the relationship between moby docker welcome to collabnix may 6 2017 madhavapeddy anil scott david j cormack justin march 1 2026 a decade of docker containers communications of the acm 69 3 56 65 doi 10 1145 3761803 issn 0001 0782 dotcloud pivots and wins big with docker the cloud service now part of red hat openshift techcrunch september 19 2013 retrieved january 20 2014 foley mary jo october 15 2014 docker container support coming to microsoft s next windows server release zdnet retrieved october 16 2014 guthrie scott october 15 2014 docker and microsoft integrating docker with windows server and microsoft azure scottgu s blog microsoft retrieved january 12 2015 barr jeff november 13 2014 amazon ec2 container service ecs container management for the aws cloud amazon web services blog retrieved april 29 2017 rath john november 10 2014 stratoscale raises 32m to build docker supporting openstack clouds on commodity servers retri...