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ry among the african meningitis belt countries benin burkina faso cameroon central african republic ghana mali niger nigeria senegal south sudan chad and togo contributed serogroup data africa edit see also african meningitis belt 2009 10 west african meningitis outbreak and meningitis vaccine project the distribution of meningococcal meningitis in the african meningitis belt the importance of meningitis disease is as significant in africa as hiv tb and malaria cases of meningococcemia leading to severe meningoencephalitis are common among young children and the elderly deaths occurring in less than 24 hours are more likely during the disease epidemic seasons in africa and sub saharan africa is hit by meningitis outbreaks throughout the epidemic season it may be that climate change 67 contributes significantly the spread of the disease in benin burkina faso cameroon the central african republic chad côte d ivoire the democratic republic of the congo ethiopia ghana mali niger nigeria and togo this is an area of africa where the disease is endemic meningitis is silently present and there are always a few cases when the number of cases passes five per population of 100 000 in one week teams are on alert epidemic levels are reached when there have been 100 cases per 100 000 population over several weeks 68 further complicating efforts to halt the spread of meningitis in africa is the fact that extremely dry dusty weather conditions which characterize niger and burkina faso from december to june favor the development of epidemics overcrowded villages are breeding grounds for bacterial transmission and lead to a high prevalence of respiratory tract infections leaving the body more susceptible to infection encouraging the spread of meningitis irin africa news has been providing the number of deaths for each country since 1995 69 70 71 72 and a mass vaccination campaign following a community outbreak of meningococcal disease in florida was done by the cdc 73 europe edit this section is empty you can help by adding to it march 2026 asia edit this section is empty you can help by adding to it march 2026 americas edit from 2021 to 2023 there was an outbreak of the disease in florida primarily in msm caused by serogroup c 74 75 history and etymology edit from the greek meninx membrane kokkos berry meningococcal disease was first described by gaspard vieusseux during an outbreak in geneva in 1805 in 1884 italian pathologists ettore marchiafava and angelo celli described intracellular micrococci in cerebrospinal fluid and in 1887 anton weichselbaum identified the meningococcus designated as diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis in cerebrospinal fluid and established the connection between the organism and epidemic meningitis 76 meningococcal disease is often colloquially referred to as meningitis even though meningitis can be caused by several other infections and meningococcal disease does not exclusively lead to meningitis 77 see also edit endocarditis 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