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married to hussein kamel al majid and has had five children from this marriage rana hussein 1969 who is saddam s second daughter she like her sister fled to jordan and has stood up for her father s rights she was married to saddam kamel and has had four children from this marriage hala hussein 1972 who is saddam s third and youngest daughter very little information is known about her her father arranged for her to marry general jamal mustafa abdallah sultan al tikriti in 1998 she fled with her children and sisters to jordan in june 2021 an iraqi court ordered the release of her husband after 18 years in prison 235 saddam met his second wife samira shahbandar in 1979 and married her in 1986 231 she was originally the wife of an iraqi airways executive but later became the mistress of saddam eventually saddam forced samira s husband to divorce her so he could marry her 231 after the war samira fled to beirut lebanon ali saddam hussein c 1981 who is believed to be saddam s youngest child he is listed on united states treasury sanctions list 236 237 238 239 not very much is known about him other than the fact that his mother is samira shahbandar 231 his existence was repeatedly denied by saddam s family 240 saddam hussein s sons qusay and uday were killed in a gun battle in mosul on 22 july 2003 saddam had allegedly married a third wife nidal al hamdani the general manager of the solar energy research center in the council of scientific research 241 wafa mullah huwaysh is rumored to have married saddam as his fourth wife in 2002 there is no firm evidence for this marriage wafa is the daughter of abd al tawab mullah huwaysh a former minister of military industry in iraq and saddam s last deputy prime minister in august 1995 raghad and her husband hussein kamel al majid and rana and her husband saddam kamel al majid defected to jordan with their children they returned to iraq after receiving assurances that saddam would pardon them within three days of their return in february 1996 the kamel brothers were killed in a gunfight with clan members who considered them traitors in august 2003 saddam s daughters raghad and rana were granted sanctuary in jordan 242 that month they spoke with cnn and the arab satellite station al arabiya in amman 242 when asked about her father raghad told cnn he was a very good father loving has a big heart asked if she wanted to give a message to her father she said i love you and i miss you 242 her sister rana also remarked he had so many feelings and he was very tender with all of us 242 saddam was known for his lavish tastes including wearing a diamond coated rolex wristwatch which he reportedly gifted to political allies and friends on 28 april 2001 saddam marked his 64th birthday with a large state sponsored celebration 243 honors and awards in 1991 the iraqi government awarded saddam the order of the two rivers the country s highest honor as a recognition of his historic role and noble services to iraq 244 this announcement was made following a cabinet meeting and information minister hamid youssef hummadi stated that the decision was unanimous 244 the award was bestowed on saddam during his 54th birthday in appreciation of his exceptional contributions and significant impact on iraq 244 during his presidency he was often referred to by his kunya abu uday father of uday many of his supporters still refer to him as such to this day 245 he was honored by titles such as field marshal and comrade saddam hussein is one of the recipients of the key to the city 246 247 in 1980 saddam received a ceremonial key to the city of detroit after making a donation of nearly half a million dollars to a local chaldean catholic church 248 saddam successfully turned iraq into a leading hub for healthcare and education 249 this improved the quality of life in iraq 250 for this reason saddam was honored by an award from unesco 251 a collection of medals attributed to saddam was once displayed in a museum in johannesburg south africa 252 he received the order of merit wisam al jadara which is rare and was awarded to only a few iraqi rulers 253 order of the mother of battles was awarded to saddam hussein for his role in the 1991 gulf war against kuwait and the united states 254 he received numerous medals from the iraqi state commemorating his involvement or leadership during various events 255 political and cultural image main article saddamism stamped brick at the ancient city of babylon bearing the name of saddam hussein saddam s palace near the ruins of the north palace of nebuchadnezzar ii at babylon the political ideas and policies pursued by saddam became known as saddamism 256 this doctrine was officially endorsed by his government and promoted by the iraqi daily newspaper babel owned by his son uday hussein 256 during his leadership saddam promoted the idea of dual nationalism that combined iraqi nationalism and arab nationalism linking iraq s identity to wider matters that impact arabs as a whole 257 saddam viewed iraq s ancient mesopotamian heritage as compatible with his vision of arab nationalism 257 in the course of his reign the government adopted the historic muslim leader saladin as a national symbol while saddam styled himself as the modern successor of babylonian king nebuchadnezzar and had stamped the bricks of ancient babylon with his name and titles next to him 258 259 during the gulf war saddam claimed the historic roles of nebuchadnezzar saladin and gamal abdel nasser 108 saddam often emphasized his nomadic bedouin roots framing them as a source of honor and traditional values 260 following the death of ayatollah khomeini his long time adversary saddam instructed media outlets not to gloat stating that it was part of arab cultural tradition to show restraint in speaking about the dead and that when he is dead that s it you don t talk ill of the dead 260 he organized two show elections in 1995 and 2002 in the 1995 referendum he reportedly received 99 96 of the votes with 99 47 turnout gaining 3 052 negative votes among an electorate of 8 4 million 261 262 new archival link needed in the 2002 referendum he officially achieved 100 of approval votes and 100 turnout as the electoral commission reported the next day that every one of the 11 445 638 eligible voters cast a yes vote for the president 263 reception and legacy see also de ba athification and leadership analysis saddam hussein part of a series on ba athism organizations arab ba ath arab ba ath movement ba ath party ba ath party pro iraqi ba ath party pro syrian variants neo ba athism assadism saddamism people aflaq al arsuzi assad bashar assad hafez al bakr bitar al douri ghanim hussein jadid al rikabi rimawi literature on the way of resurrection 1943 the battle for one destiny 1958 the genius of arabic in its tongue 1943 history ba athist iraq attempted assassination of abdul karim qasim ramadan revolution november 1963 coup d état 17 july revolution 1979 ba ath party purge iran iraq war gulf war sanctions iraq war de ba athification ba athist syria syrian committee to help iraq 1963 coup d état 1966 coup d état flag of ba athist syria syrian invasion of jordan corrective revolution intervention in lebanon syrian occupation of lebanon syrian civil war fall of the assad regime regional organizations algeria pro iraq pro syria bahrain pro iraq pro syria egypt pro iraq pro syria iraq pro iraq pro syria jordan pro iraq pro syria kuwait pro iraq lebanon pro iraq pro syria libya pro iraq mauritania pro iraq pro syria palestine pro iraq pro syria sudan pro iraq pro syria syria pro iraq pro syria tunisia pro iraq pro syria yemen pro iraq pro syria splinter groups arab socialist revolutionary ba ath party socialist lebanon arab revolutionary workers party democratic socialist arab ba ath party sudanese ba ath party armed groups arab liberation front al awda al abud network jeish muhammad rejectionists snake party supreme command for jihad and liberation naqshbandi army general military council for iraqi revolutionaries free iraqi army related topics arab nationalism arab socialism assadist saddamist conflict nasserism pan arabism waḥda ḥurriyya ishtirākiyya politics portal socialism portal v t e throughout the arab world many arabs praise saddam as a resolute leader who stood up to western imperialism israeli occupation of palestine and foreign intervention in the region while some iraqis especially shias and kurds may view him negatively as a dictator responsible for brutal authoritarianism repression and injustices 264 supporters noted that under saddam the government invested heavily in infrastructure projects such as roads bridges and public buildings 265 86 the government invested in building schools and hospitals and literacy rates in iraq increased significantly during his rule 91 92 93 women were encouraged to participate in education and the workforce and many held high ranking positions in government and public institutions 95 96 266 saddam s regime was secular in character religion did not play a dominant role in the government s policies 266 saddam s regime later placed greater emphasis on islam in all sectors of iraqi life from 1993 through the faith campaign 266 in 1977 saddam stated our party does not take a neutral stance between faith and atheism it is always on the side of faith 267 by contrast critics described saddam as a repressive totalitarian leader 83 268 269 with international media and observers frequently referring to him by the epithet the butcher of baghdad in light of his regime s documented atrocities 270 271 his regime s repressive tactics included widespread surveillance torture and extrajudicial killings 272 273 numerous cases of human rights abuses committed by his government were documented by human rights organizations 274 saddam s regime suppressed political opposition through a combination of violence intimidation and censorship 273 freedom of speech and freedom of the press were severely curtailed and political opponents were often executed or imprisoned 275 he initiated three military conflicts including the iran iraq war the iraqi invasion of kuwait and the gulf war 276 these actions led to heavy casualties and widespread regional instability 277 while there were economic development initiatives saddam s regime was also marked by mismanagement and widespread corruption particularly during the final years of his regime 278 the economic sanctions imposed on iraq during his rule further exacerbated hardships for the country s population 279 saddamism has been described by critics as a mix of sunni arab nationalism confused stalinism and fascist zeal for the fatherland and its leader 280 in july 2016 then us presidential candidate donald trump praised saddam for militant suppression and stability during his presidency in iraq 281 libyan politician and commander of the libyan national arab army khalifa haftar named his son saddam haftar after saddam hussein 282 283 284 cultural depictions of saddam can be found in various movies including three documentary movies made about saddam saddam s tribe released in 2007 explores the complex relationship between saddam hussein and the al bu nasir a powerful arab tribe in iraq to which saddam belongs in 2008 a tv series based on his life house of saddam was released in 2024 it was announced that irish actor barry keoghan would appear in a new movie about saddam s final days 285 see also biography portal iraq portal middle east portal politics portal list of heads of state and government deposed by foreign powers in the 20th and 21st century list of heads of state and government who were later imprisoned list of heads of state and government who were sentenced to death modern history of iraq history of iraq since world war i most wanted iraqi playing cards us wartime propaganda campaign saddam hussein s novels list of novels authored by saddam hussein us list of most wanted iraqis notes 1 2 under his government this date was his official date of birth his real date of birth was never recorded but it is believed to be between 1935 and 1939 1 saddam pronounced sˤɑdˈdæːm is his personal name and means the stubborn one or he who confronts in arabic hussein sometimes also transliterated as hussayn or hussain is not a surname in the western sense but a patronymic his father s given personal name abid al majid his grandfather s al tikriti means he was born and raised in or near tikrit he was commonly referred to as saddam hussein or saddam for short the observation that referring to the deposed iraqi president as only saddam is derogatory or inappropriate may be based on the assumption that hussein is a family name thus the new york times refers to him as mr hussein 5 while encyclopædia britannica uses just saddam 6 a full discussion can be found here 7 s ə ˈ d ɑː m h uː ˈ s eɪ n ⓘ arabic صدام حسين mesopotamian arabic pronunciation sˤɐdˈdɑːm ɜħsɪe̯n 3 also known mononymously as saddam 4 b references con coughlin saddam the secret life pan books 2003 isbn 978 0 330 39310 2 do rewards help capture the world s most wanted men bbc news 25 august 2011 archived from the original on 20 december 2024 retrieved 10 december 2024 من الأرشيف إذاعة أم المعارك 1991م in arabic retrieved 11 january 2023 shewchuk blair february 2003 saddam or mr hussein cbc news this brings us to the first and primary reason many newsrooms use saddam it s how he s known throughout iraq and the rest of the middle east burns john f 2 july 2004 defiant hussein rebukes iraqi court for trying him the new york times retrieved 2 july 2004 saddam hussein encyclopædia britannica 29 may 2023 shewchuk blair february 2003 saddam or mr hussein cbc news saddam hussein oxford reference retrieved 17 december 2023 1 2 جريدة الرياض أحمد حسن البكر رجل المقاومة الأول ضد بريطانيا جريدة الرياض 23 september 2020 archived from the original on 23 september 2020 retrieved 23 may 2023 1 2 jordan david 10 november 2021 so let today be all the arabs muḥammad the prophet in the discourse of the iraqi baʿth party the presence of the prophet in early modern and contemporary islam vol 2 brill pp 323 345 doi 10 1163 9789004466753_014 isbn 978 90 04 46675 3 in search of saddam al jazeera archived from the original on 21 december 2024 retrieved 15 december 2024 saddam s name struck off prophet s lineage al jazeera afp retrieved 3 november 2025 1 2 3 post jerrold june 1991 saddam hussein of iraq a political psychology profile political psychology 12 2 279 289 doi 10 2307 3791465 issn 0162 895x jstor 3791465 bumiller elisabeth 15 may 2004 was a tyrant prefigured by baby saddam the new york times issn 1553 8095 oclc 1645522 archived from the original on 11 september 2016 retrieved 21 november 2018 jack anderson saddam s roots an abusive childhood the washington post archived from the original on 28 june 2023 retrieved 8 november 2021 1 2 post jerrold saddam is iraq iraq is saddam pdf maxwell airforce base archived pdf from the original on ...