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of drivers carbon fiber composites bacterial degradation little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose symbiotic bacteria in xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood alphaproteobacteria flavobacteria actinomycetota clostridia and bacteroidota have been detected in wood submerged for over a year 58 see also trees portal acetylated wood ancient chinese wooden architecture ash burner burl carpentry certified wood conservation and restoration of waterlogged wood conservation and restoration of wooden artifacts driftwood dunnage forestry fossil wood furfurylated wood green building and wood helsinki central library oodi international wood products journal list of tallest wooden buildings list of woods log building log cabin log house mineral bonded wood wool board mjøstårnet natural building parquetry pallet crafts pellet fuel petrified wood pine tar plyscraper pulpwood reclaimed lumber sawdust brandy sawdust thermally modified wood timber framing timber pilings timber recycling tinder wood ash wood degradation wood drying wood economy wood lagging wood preservation wood stabilization wood warping wood wool wood decay fungus wooden box wood plastic composite woodturning woodworm xylology xylophagy xylotheque xylotomy yakisugi sources this article incorporates text from a free content work licensed under cc by sa igo 3 0 license statement permission text taken from world food and agriculture statistical yearbook 2023 fao this article incorporates text from a free content work licensed under cc by 4 0 license statement permission text taken from world food and agriculture statistical yearbook 2025 food and agriculture organization of the united nations references brinkman eddy august 27 2021 wood a sustainable natural composite material betase bv retrieved november 3 2025 wood is a natural composite material with cellulose fibres embedded in a matrix of lignin and hemicelluloses all three components composed of natural polymers lignin is 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original on september 8 2023 retrieved march 20 2023 jean pierre barette claude hazard et jérôme mayer 1996 mémotech bois et matériaux associés paris éditions casteilla p 22 isbn 978 2 7135 1645 0 w boerjan j ralph m baucher june 2003 lignin biosynthesis annu rev plant biol 54 1 519 549 bibcode 2003anrpb 54 519b doi 10 1146 annurev arplant 54 031902 134938 pmid 14503002 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ek monica gellerstedt göran henriksson gunnar 2009 chapter 7 wood extractives pulp and paper chemistry and technology volume 1 wood chemistry and wood biotechnology berlin walter de gruyter isbn 978 3 11 021339 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 sjöström eero october 22 2013 chapter 5 extractives wood chemistry fundamentals and applications second ed san diego elsevier science isbn 978 0 08 092589 9 ansell martin p 2015 chapter 11 preservation protection and modification of wood composites woodhead publishing series in composites science and engineering number 54 wood composites cambridge uk woodhead publishing isbn 978 1 78242 454 3 1 2 3 hon david n s shiraishi nubuo 2001 chapter 6 chemistry of extractives wood and cellulosic chemistry 2nd rev and expanded ed new york marcel dekker isbn 0 8247 0024 4 tailor wood haven tailorwoodhaven com may 26 2026 retrieved may 27 2026 rowell roger m 2013 chater 3 cell wall chemistry handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites 2nd ed boca raton taylor francis isbn 978 1 4398 5380 1 mimms agneta michael j kuckurek jef a pyiatte elizabeth e wright 1993 kraft pulping a compilation of notes tappi press pp 6 7 isbn 978 0 89852 322 5 fiebach klemens grimm dieter 2000 resins natural ullmann s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry doi 10 1002 14356007 a23_073 isbn 978 3 527 30673 2 sperelakis nicholas sperelakis nick january 11 2012 chapter 4 ionophores in planar lipid bilayers cell physiology sourcebook essentials of membrane biophysics fourth ed london uk academic press isbn 978 0 12 387738 3 archived from the original on june 28 2020 retrieved september 27 2020 saniewski marian horbowicz marcin kanlayanarat sirichai september 10 2014 the biological activities of troponoids and their use in agriculture a review journal of horticultural research 22 1 5 19 doi 10 2478 johr 2014 0001 s2cid 33834249 bentley ronald 2008 a fresh look at natural tropolonoids nat prod rep 25 1 118 138 doi 10 1039 b711474e pmid 18250899 world food and agriculture statistical yearbook 2023 fao november 29 2023 doi 10 4060 cc8166en isbn 978 92 5 138262 2 sterrett frances s october 12 1994 alternative fuels and the environment crc press isbn 978 0 87371 978 0 archived from the original on december 30 2023 retrieved october 6 2020 saitta house report part 1 archived december 16 2008 at the wayback machine dykerheightscivicassociation com binggeli corky 2013 materials for interior environments john wiley sons isbn 978 1 118 42160 4 archived from the original on december 30 2023 retrieved october 6 2020 1 2 apa the engineered wood association pdf apawood org archived pdf from the original on june 27 2006 retrieved may 27 2026 horst h nimz uwe schmitt eckart schwab otto wittmann franz wolf wood in ullmann s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry 2005 wiley vch weinheim doi 10 1002 14356007 a28_305 fpinnovations pdf forintek ca archived from the original pdf on march 19 2009 retrieved may 27 2026 system for remotely monitoring moisture content on wooden elements i arakistain o munne ep patent epo1382108 0 christina bienhold petra pop ristova frank wenzhöfer thorsten dittmar antje boetius january 2 2013 how deep sea wood falls sustain chemosynthetic life plos one 8 1 e53590 bibcode 2013ploso 853590b doi 10 1371 journal pone 0053590 pmc 3534711 pmid 23301092 hoadley r bruce 2000 understanding wood a craftsman s guide to wood technology taunton press isbn 978 1 56158 358 4 external links wikimedia commons has media related to wood the wood in culture association archived 27 may 2016 the wood explorer a comprehensive database of commercial wood species archived april 7 2015 at the wayback machine apa the engineered wood association archived 14 april 2011 2023 discover magazine article what evidence is there for a wood age to rival those of stone bronze and iron v t e botany history outline subdisciplines archaeobotany astrobotany bryology dendrology ethnobotany paleobotany phycology phytochemistry phytogeography geobotany plant anatomy plant ecology plant intelligence plant pathology plant physiology plant groups algae archaeplastida bryophyte non vascular plants vascular plants fern lycophyte spermatophytes gymnosperm angiosperm plant anatomy plant morphology glossary plant cells cell wall phragmoplast plastid plasmodesma vacuole tissues cork ground tissue mesophyll meristem storage organs vascular tissue vascular bundle wood vegetative bulb root rhizoid rhizome shoot bud leaf cataphyll petiole sessility stem reproductive incl flower archegonium antheridium androecium pollen stamen anther filament staminode tapetum flower aestivation flower development floral diagram floral formula floral symmetry whorl fruit anatomy berry capsule nut pyrena seed dispersal endosperm gametophyte gynandrium gynoecium carpel ovary locule ovule stigma style hypanthium floral cup inflorescence bract pedicellate raceme umbel perianth tepal petal sepal plant embryo receptacle sporophyll sporophyte surface structures cuticle epicuticular wax epidermis nectar stoma thorns spines and prickles trichome plant physiology materials aleurone apical dominance bulk flow cellulose nutrition photosynthesis chlorophyll phytomelanin plant hormones respiration gas exchange cellular respiration sap starch sugar transpiration turgor pressure plant growth and habit habit cushion plants rosettes shrubs prostrate shrubs subshrubs succulent plants trees vines lianas herbaceous plants secondary growth woody plants reproduction evolution ecology alternation of generations double fertilization evolutionary development evolutionary history timeline flora germination pollination artificial pollinators pollen tube self sporangium microsporangia microspore megasporangium megaspore spore plant taxonomy biological classification botanical nomenclature botanical name correct name author citation international code of nomenclature icn icn for cultivated plants icncp cultivated plant taxonomy citrus taxonomy cultigen cultivar group grex history of plant systematics herbarium international association for plant taxonomy iapt plant taxonomy systems taxonomic rank practice agronomy floriculture forestry horticulture phytochemical lists related botanical terms botanists by author abbreviation botanical expeditions individual trees oldest trees superlative trees tallest trees plants category v t e forestry index forest areas ministries research institutes colleges journals arbor day types agroforestry dehesa analog forestry bamboo forestry close to nature forestry community forestry ecoforestry energy forestry mycoforestry permaforestry plantation forestry social forestry sust...