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h klemens grimm dieter 2000 resins natural ullmann s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry doi 10 1002 14356007 a23_073 isbn 978 3 527 30673 2 sperelakis nicholas sperelakis nick january 11 2012 chapter 4 ionophores in planar lipid bilayers cell physiology sourcebook essentials of membrane biophysics fourth ed london uk academic press isbn 978 0 12 387738 3 archived from the original on june 28 2020 retrieved september 27 2020 saniewski marian horbowicz marcin kanlayanarat sirichai september 10 2014 the biological activities of troponoids and their use in agriculture a review journal of horticultural research 22 1 5 19 doi 10 2478 johr 2014 0001 s2cid 33834249 bentley ronald 2008 a fresh look at natural tropolonoids nat prod rep 25 1 118 138 doi 10 1039 b711474e pmid 18250899 world food and agriculture statistical yearbook 2023 fao november 29 2023 doi 10 4060 cc8166en isbn 978 92 5 138262 2 sterrett frances s october 12 1994 alternative fuels and the environment crc press isbn 978 0 87371 978 0 archived from the original on december 30 2023 retrieved october 6 2020 saitta house report part 1 archived december 16 2008 at the wayback machine dykerheightscivicassociation com binggeli corky 2013 materials for interior environments john wiley sons isbn 978 1 118 42160 4 archived from the original on december 30 2023 retrieved october 6 2020 1 2 apa the engineered wood association pdf apawood org archived pdf from the original on june 27 2006 retrieved may 27 2026 horst h nimz uwe schmitt eckart schwab otto wittmann franz wolf wood in ullmann s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry 2005 wiley vch weinheim doi 10 1002 14356007 a28_305 fpinnovations pdf forintek ca archived from the original pdf on march 19 2009 retrieved may 27 2026 system for remotely monitoring moisture content on wooden elements i arakistain o munne ep patent epo1382108 0 christina bienhold petra pop ristova frank wenzhöfer thorsten dittmar antje boetius january 2 2013 how deep sea wood falls sustain chemosynthetic life plos one 8 1 e53590 bibcode 2013ploso 853590b doi 10 1371 journal pone 0053590 pmc 3534711 pmid 23301092 hoadley r bruce 2000 understanding wood a craftsman s guide to wood technology taunton press isbn 978 1 56158 358 4 external links wikimedia commons has media related to wood the wood in culture association archived 27 may 2016 the wood explorer a comprehensive database of commercial wood species archived april 7 2015 at the wayback machine apa the engineered wood association archived 14 april 2011 2023 discover magazine article what evidence is there for a wood age to rival those of stone bronze and iron v t e botany history outline subdisciplines archaeobotany astrobotany bryology dendrology ethnobotany paleobotany phycology phytochemistry phytogeography geobotany plant anatomy plant ecology plant intelligence plant pathology plant physiology plant groups algae archaeplastida bryophyte non vascular plants vascular plants fern lycophyte spermatophytes gymnosperm angiosperm plant anatomy plant morphology glossary plant cells cell wall phragmoplast plastid plasmodesma vacuole tissues cork ground tissue mesophyll meristem storage organs vascular tissue vascular bundle wood vegetative bulb root rhizoid rhizome shoot bud leaf cataphyll petiole sessility stem reproductive incl flower archegonium antheridium androecium pollen stamen anther filament staminode tapetum flower aestivation flower development floral diagram floral formula floral symmetry whorl fruit anatomy berry capsule nut pyrena seed dispersal endosperm gametophyte gynandrium gynoecium carpel ovary locule ovule stigma style hypanthium floral cup inflorescence bract pedicellate raceme umbel perianth tepal petal sepal plant embryo receptacle sporophyll sporophyte surface structures cuticle epicuticular wax epidermis nectar stoma thorns spines and prickles trichome plant physiology materials aleurone apical dominance bulk flow cellulose nutrition photosynthesis chlorophyll phytomelanin plant hormones respiration gas exchange cellular respiration sap starch sugar transpiration turgor pressure plant growth and habit habit cushion plants rosettes shrubs prostrate shrubs subshrubs succulent plants trees vines lianas herbaceous plants secondary growth woody plants reproduction evolution ecology alternation of generations double fertilization evolutionary development evolutionary history timeline flora germination pollination artificial pollinators pollen tube self sporangium microsporangia microspore megasporangium megaspore spore plant taxonomy biological classification botanical nomenclature botanical name correct name author citation international code of nomenclature icn icn for cultivated plants icncp cultivated plant taxonomy citrus taxonomy cultigen cultivar group grex history of plant systematics herbarium international association for plant taxonomy iapt plant taxonomy systems taxonomic rank practice agronomy floriculture forestry horticulture phytochemical lists related botanical terms botanists by author abbreviation botanical expeditions individual trees oldest trees superlative trees tallest trees plants category v t e forestry index forest areas ministries research institutes colleges journals arbor day types agroforestry dehesa analog forestry bamboo forestry close to nature forestry community forestry ecoforestry energy forestry mycoforestry permaforestry plantation forestry social forestry sustainable forestry urban forest urban forestry ecology and management arboriculture controlled burn debris coarse driftwood large log jam slash dendrology ecological thinning even aged management fire ecology forest dynamics informatics ipm inventory governance law global forest information service old growth pathology protection restoration secondary stand transition trillion tree campaign forest certification atfs cfs fsc pefc sfi smartwood woodland carbon code forestation afforestation reforestation formally designated glade growth and yield modelling horticulture gm trees i tree urban multipurpose tree silviculture sustainable management tree allometry breeding tree measurement crown girth height volume environmental topics acid rain carbon sequestration clearcutting deforestation ecosystem services forest degradation forest dieback forest fragmentation forest reference emission level ghost forest great green wall africa great green wall china high grading illegal logging timber mafia invasive species wilding million tree initiative national forest monitoring system redd shifting cultivation chitemene slash and burn slash and char svedjebruk timber recycling tree hugging urban forest inequity wildfire industries coppicing forest farming forest gardening logging manufacturing lumber plywood pulp and paper sawmilling products biochar biomass charcoal non timber palm oil rayon rubber tanbark rail transport tree farm christmas trees wood engineered fuel mahogany spruce pine fir teak woodworking green woodworking occupations forester arborist bucker choker setter ecologist feller firefighter handcrew hotshot lookout smokejumper river driver truck driver log scaler lumberjack ranger resin tapper rubber tapper shingle weaver timber cruiser tree planter wood process engineer wikiproject trees portal category outline v t e wood products lumber timber batten beam bressummer cls cruck flitch beam flooring joist lath log building log cabin log house molding panelling plank plate post purlin rafter railroad ties reclaimed shingle siding sill stud timber truss treenail truss utility pole engineered wood cross laminated timber glued laminated timber veneer lvl parallel strand i joist fiberboard hardboard masonite mdf oriented strand board oriented structural straw board particle board plywood structural insulated panel wood plastic composite lumber fuelwood charcoal biochar firelog firewood pellet fuel wood fuel fibers cardboard corrugated fiberboard paper paperboard pulp pulpwood rayon derivatives birch tar cellulose nano hemicellulose cellulosic ethanol dyes lignin liquid smoke lye methanol pyroligneous acid pine tar pitch sandalwood oil tannin wood gas by products barkdust black liquor ramial chipped wood sawdust tall oil wood flour wood wool woodchips historical axe ties bavin wood billet wood clapboard dugout canoe potash sawdust brandy split rail fence tanbark timber framing wooden masts see also biomass certified wood destructive distillation dry distillation engineered bamboo forestry green building and wood list of woods mulch non timber forest products natural building papermaking reclaimed lumber timber recycling wood drying wood preservation wood processing woodworking yakisugi category commons wikiproject forestry v t e woodworking overviews history glossary wood lumber styles boat building bow and arrow bush carpentry cabinetry caning carpentry certosina chainsaw carving chip carving ébéniste fretwork intarsia japanese carpentry khatam kohlrosing log building luthier marquetry millwork pallet crafting parquetry pyrography relief carving root carving segmented turning shingle weaving shipbuilding spindle turning timber framing treen whittling wood carving woodturning woods soft cedar calocedrus cedrus cypress douglas fir fir juniper larch kauri pine rimu spruce yew hard afromosia alder andiroba anigre ash apple aspen avodire balsa beech bilinga birch african blackwood australian blackwood boxwood bubinga camphor cedrela cherry chestnut cocobolo cumaru ebony elm eucalyptus hazel hickory hornbeam idigbo imbuia ipê iroko jarrah jelutong lignum vitae linden lime basswood lovoa merbau mahogany american african maple meranti oak padauk pear plum poplar purpleheart ovankol ramin red quebracho rosewood rubberwood sapele teak totara utile walnut wenge willow zebrano engineered cross laminated glue laminated hardboard mdf osb particle board plywood wood plastic composite tools abrasives axe adze burnisher chisel drawknife drill fence float gimlet gauge hinge bender impact driver janka hardness test jointer mallet milling machine miter box rasp router sandpaper shaper shaving horse square carpenters combination miter speed try thickness planer timber framing veneer hammer vise warrington hammer winding sticks wood scribe workbench clamps band clamp c clamp f clamp flooring clamp gripe holdfast miter clamp pipe clamp sawbuck saws backsaw bandsaw bow bucksaw chainsaw circular compass coping crosscut frame fretsaw hand saw jigsaw keyhole miter ripsaw scroll table veneer whipsaw planes bedrock plane block plane chamfer plane compass plane finger plane fore plane grooving plane jack plane japanese plane jointer plane moulding plane razee plane rebate plane router plane scrub plane shoulder plane smoothing plane spokeshave surform geometry joints birdsmouth biscuit box bridle butt butterfly coping crown of thorns dado dovetail finger groove halved hammer headed tenon knee lap mason s miter miter mortise and tenon rabbet rebate scarf splice tongue and groove profiles bead bevel chamfer ogee ogive ovolo surface piecing binding edge banding intarsia marquetry oystering parquetry purfling treatments adhesive french polish heat bending lacquer oil paint paint stripper steam bending thermal varnish wax wood drying wood preservation wood stain wood finishing organizations american association of woodturners architectural woodwork institute british woodworking federation building and wood workers international caricature carving international federation of building and wood workers national wood carvers association society of wood engravers timber framers guild conversion chainsaw mill hewing sawmill whipsaw wood splitting flat sawing quarter sawing rift sawing techniques frame and panel frameless construction green woodworking category wikiproject commons v t e natural resources air pollution quality ambient standards us index indoor law clean air act us ozone depletion emissions airshed trading deforestation redd energy bio law resources fossil fuels gas peak coal peak gas peak oil geothermal hydro nuclear solar sunlight shade wind land agricultural arable peak farmland degradation field landscape cityscape seascape soundscape viewshed law property management habitat conservation minerals gemstone industrial ore metal mining law sand peak copper phosphorus rights soil conservation fertility health resilience use planning reserve life biodiversity bioprospecting biopiracy biosphere bushfood bushmeat fisheries climate change law management forests genetic resources law management non timber products game law marine conservation meadow pasture plants fao plant treaty food genetic resources gene banks herbal medicines upov convention wood rangeland seed bank wildlife conservation management water types location aquifer storage and recovery drinking daily consumption fresh groundwater pollution recharge remediation hydrosphere ice bergs glacial polar irrigation huerta marine rain harvesting stormwater surface water sewage reclaimed water watershed aspects desalination floods law leaching sanitation improved scarcity security supply efficiency conflict conservation peak water pollution privatization quality right resources improved policy related commons enclosure global land tragedy of economics ecological land ecosystem services exploitation overexploitation earth overshoot day management adaptive natural capital accounting good natural heritage nature reserve remnant natural area systems ecology urban ecology wilderness resource common pool conflict perpetuation curse depletion extraction nationalism renewable non renewable politics electrostate oil war petroleum politics petrostate petro islam resource war category v t e sources of tannins sources of condensed tannins areca catechu seed arecatannins broad bean vicia faba grape vitis vinifera mimosa bark acacia mollissima myrtan or black marlock eucalyptus redunca quebracho wood sources of hydrolysable tannins chestnut wood dhawa anogeissus latifolia myrobalan fruit terminalia chebula oak bark oak wood valonia oak quercus macrolepis sumac tanner s sumach leaves rhus coriaria or chinese gall on rhus chinensis tara pod tara spinosa other sources by organ barks general tanbark acacias most notably acacia pycnantha and acacia decurrens alder alnus sp avaram senna auriculata babul acacia nilotica birch betula sp button mangrove conocarpus erectus hemlock tsuga sp larch larix sp mangrove pine pinus sp spruce picea sp urunday myracrodruon urundeuva willow salix caprea leaves badan bergenia crassifolia gambier uncaria gambir redoul coriaria myrtifolia roots canaigre rumex hymenosepalus garouille quercus coccifera sea lavender limonium sp woods cutch senegalia catechu fruit divi divi pod libidibia coriaria sant pod acacia nilotica teri pod moullava digyna galls gall oak quercus lusitanica quercus infectoria whole plant prosopis sp bark and wood prosopis humilis prosopis nigra tanoak notholithocarpus tizra heartwood and root searsia pentaphylla undetermined or...