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90 s it is the ghosts of these constellations which might have been that will most haunt us in the coming decades we should think so as the engineers mission specialists and managers of the geoeye program continue their celebrations in the coming days we hope they will also lift a glass to the the birds who didn t make it and those that never were we certainly shall labels commercial imagery geoint imint intelligence collection overhead systems privatization of intelligence public private partnerships posted by kent s imperative at 02 24 09 october 2008 intelligence and financial crisis historical edition it is our contention that troubled times demand increased investment in intelligence activities by private firms who cannot rely upon the agencies of government or the media to adequately address their interests this is by no means a new phenomenon rather it is a rediscovery of much older principles that were in common practice prior to the 20th century the debate over intelligence failures in the current financial crisis thus continues to attract our attention there are those serving or having served in a variety of institutions which claim that intelligence may have indeed staved off the worst of the impact to a specific firm or another we shall see what to make of these claims once the business schools begin to compile their histories it is clear however that good intelligence served financial institutions well in earlier times we find quite early reference to this in a text on the theory and practice of joint stock banking dated from 1836 the system of mutual espionage and rivalry which exists amongst joint stock banks is another source of security to the public that a system of espionage exists upon every joint stock bank at least in scotland by their sister banks who exchange notes and checks with them must be admitted after what took place with regard to a joint stock bank establishment in the west of scotland the agents of the joint stock banks both in london and edinburgh being in constant communication with each other have early intimation of any departure by any joint stock bank from the true and safe principles of banking in fact so long as a joint stock bank can maintain its credit and good opinion with its sister banks the public are tolerably safe and so satisfied are the public in scotland of this circumstance that no run took place during the severest period of the panic in 1825 on a single scotch bank the public being well assured that the other banks would give by a refusal to accept the notes and obligations at the exchange a clear and distinct notice that danger was to be apprehended this forthright discussion of commercial espionage would not doubt send many of the current practitioners of competitive intelligence into hysterics one must note that no distinction was made at the time between the collection of information by overt means versus that of illicit provenance the legal status of such information and its use was also far less clear than in today s environment we must remind our more genteel readership that the first case in law on such a matter at least that we are aware of for the first time conclusively draws the line between legitimately obtained information from public or private sources versus unspecified illegitimate methods only in 1916 regardless of the means by which it might have been obtained in accordance with the standards of the day the precedent of relying upon intelligence to avert financial crisis has long been a maxim within the financial industry given the perspective of time one may look back on the recent troubles as much as a failure of institutional memory as a failure of the profession itself labels competitive intelligence intelligence history intelligence surprise privatization of intelligence warning intelligence posted by kent s imperative at 20 26 08 october 2008 plus ca change edition naval recent coverage of the after effects of the russian military occupation and what one mightt call the de militarization with extreme prejudice of the georgia naval facility at poti has been exceptionally thorough not least of which due to the effects of the new media and the emerging class of citizen journalists who work within this media via wired s danger room we note the exceptional detail offered by gavin sheridan following onto earlier reporting and video via georgian media channels and the incomparable armchair admiral the reporting brought to mind one of the early publicly disseminated products from the office of naval intelligence the piece was itself an early osint product a translation of a german commander s comments on a naval engagement which occurred at santiago cuba during the spanish american war in 1898 the contemporaneous open source information environment had already seen american narratives of the action published alongside detailed order of battle and combat effects the german account circulated shortly thereafter during the early months of 1899 with the concurrence of oni s chief intelligence officer a translation of the work was reprinted in the 25th volume of the naval institute s proceedings that march providing extensive observations that were no doubt of significant intelligence value regarding the disposition of forces and ttp which featured in the engagement the following excerpt captures well the flavour of the account the three ships inspected had all their guns on board the only ones that could not be found were the two 7 centimeter rapid fire boat guns but pivots had been provided on both sides of the stern where these two guns were apparently intended to be installed for use against torpedo boat attacks at night from the slight losses which the american ships claim to have sustained it may be judged that the training of the spanish gun crews must have been very inadequate this is not surprising in view of the statement of one of the spanish naval officers to the effect that no target practice is held in spain in time of peace other circumstances also give evidence of very inefficient handling of the guns the turrets and their guns with the exception of the forward turret of the almirante oquendo were found entirely intact the loading apparatus for the 28 centimeter guns whitworth manchester 1895 was of the hydraulic order and the loading time was about two minutes the 14 centimeter rapid fire guns also were probably not used to their best advantage owing to want of experience there was evidently no lack of ammunition for near some of the guns a number of cartridges were found and some of the guns were still loaded but had not been fired to what circumstance it is due that the breech blocks of two of the guns were found lying in the ear of the guns with their pivot bolts torn off could not be explained perhaps this may also be attributed to inefficient handling of the projectiles only the port side of the ships was fired upon the star board side shows but a few holes where shots have passed out where the course of projectiles could be traced it was usually ranging from port aft to starboard forward the destructive effect of the american projectiles is mainly due to the conflagrations caused by them aside from a shot through one of the turret roofs no hits were observed in any of the armored turrets neither have any projectiles pierced the side armor which shows no injuries only indentations are noticeable in places where projectiles have struck the armor projectiles of 15 centimeters and larger calibers that had hit the ship had in many instances gone out through the other side making holes about 1 meter square but without bursting as the same observation has been made in the bombardments of santiago and san juan it may be assumed that it is due to the uncertain functioning of the base fuse it is not probable that the americans used armor piercing shell as fragments of projectiles of different sizes found in the vicinity show that explosive shell and not nonexplosive shell were used projectiles which had hit smokestacks and masts had gone clear through making only small round or oblong shot holes hits of small caliber projectiles 5 7 centimeter could be noticed in large numbers and this was corroborated by the statement of an american officer to the effect that they were used in great quantities the question whether the spanish had any intention of making use of the torpedo weapon may probably be answered in the negative the torpedo armaments of the ships although including a large number of tubes were so defective that there could hardly be any chance of success as against the powerful american ships the armaments consisted of two bow four broadside and two stern tubes all above water and of antiquated design with large cartridges band brakes etc all located above the armored deck and entirely unprotected in a very primitive manner the tubes had been partly protected by grate bars lashed with chains the projectiles were 35 centimeter schwartzkopff torpedoes with large depth regulating apparatus no war heads were to be found with a single exception according to the statement of an american petty officer the warheads had been left at santiago where they were to be used in connection with the mine obstructions it is true that this does not agree with the fact that a torpedo head exploded on board the almirante oquendo it is possible however that the ships retained one or two war heads to be used in case of necessity as against rams since the broadside tubes were adapted to be turned in any direction or perhaps it was the commander s wish to take a war head along the following points support the assumption that it was not the intention to make use of the torpedo weapon a not one of the tubes still in existence was loaded and all the tubes were closed in the tubes destroyed by shots or otherwise no remnants of torpedoes were found b the remaining torpedoes almost without exception were lying in their places along the ship s side no torpedoes were found lying back of the tubes with the exception of the bow tubes of the almirante oquendo c there was no pressure in any of the flasks this is shown by the fact that the flasks were entirely uninjured although the heat had partly melted the tailpieces of the torpedoes d in several of the torpedoes lying on top the protecting cap for the depth regulating apparatus had not been taken off while it is necessary to remove it in order to put on the war heads e in a few of the torpedoes the sinking valves had been put in place but in most of them they were still found soldered with connecting links raised the tubes for filling the launching cartridges were not connected and only on the almirante oquendo was the powder charge in readiness of course there is little chance that an open source intelligence product of a similar nature would freely circulate today from oni or even osc oni was somewhat unusual in this regard and it is certain that a substantial percentage of the readership of its early products available through the government printing office served the private sector as well given the importance of maritime commerce and its shipping to the republic consider it among the earliest public private sector critical infrastructure protection partnerships we have already documented the interest from a variety of business entities in this kind of intelligence coverage for which industry sectors had already established their own independent private intelligence functions these shops were no doubt grateful for dissemination of related government production on matters on mutual interest however high quality direct access reporting from bloggers and privatized intelligence shops is far more readily accessible in this digital age than the laboriously copied and translated pages of one hundred and ten years ago while there is a certain quality missing that marked the earlier accounts of professional naval officers one must admit that raw data conveyed well carries its own sort of quality particularly when handheld and motion imagery are available no doubt translations of such reporting will circulate for some time to come among the various european naval forces concerned with potential future action on the black sea it is examples such as this which increasingly convince us that we are not undergoing a revolution in intelligence affairs as some commentators might suggest but rather the re emergence of older intelligence forms in new contexts enabled by technological innovation labels intelligence history military analysis naval intelligence osint privatization of intelligence posted by kent s imperative at 19 45 06 october 2008 glimpses into agent psychology we have long held the opinion that the british writers of the intelligence novel have offered the best examplars to be found of the psychological experiences of agents recruited for espionage that is the classic intelligence definition of the term and not the disastrous usurpation of the designation for the law enforcement community among the unique insights have been the often striking similarities between the subjects and those officers responsible for handling them something particularly more visible in certain accounts and historical case studies than others we speak of course of len deighton whose works remain classics and of john le carre whose early pieces well captured the tenor of his time despite the increasing gap between his later fiction and the realities they allegedly represent a more recent entrant is charles cumming whose depiction of the post cold war british intelligence establishment from the perspective of a partially witting asset is striking in its tone not least of which is the result of the author s semi biographical approach this has been true of most of the better intelligence fiction writers it takes a certain personality to write fiction of this sort some insights are only the result of lived experiences we are unsurprised then to hear recently of le carre s early intent to defect to the soviet union one can easily see the life long hints of such intentions throughout much of his work and most notably in the characters which in fiction carried out that which the man himself never did it also provides an underlying cause to explain the often excessive intricacies found in the novels plot lines which a number of years ago caused a former russian intelligence officer to remark in despair regarding the negative impact that such fictionalization had upon younger professionals in his service attempting their own approaches along such models without regard for the inevitable imposition of mr murphy s russian equivalent in the real world after all after spending so long considering what one does not act upon it is only expected that the resulting planning takes a tangled and impractical shape for students of intelligence as an activity and a profession it is a subject perhaps best handled through fictional characterization in thi...