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g horses it is high in fiber and protein its flour is often used to make injera it can be eaten as a warm breakfast cereal like farina with a chocolate or nutty flavor 94 cereal production cereal yield the table shows the annual production of cereals in 1961 1980 2000 2010 and 2024 a 95 93 96 grain worldwide production millions of metric tons notes 1961 1980 2000 2010 2024 maize corn 205 397 592 852 1218 a staple food of people in the americas africa and of livestock worldwide often called corn in north america australia and new zealand a large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption 94 rice b production is in milled terms 285 397 599 697 820 the primary cereal of tropical and some temperate regions staple food in most of brazil other parts of latin america and some other portuguese descended cultures parts of africa even more before the columbian exchange most of south asia and the far east largely overridden by breadfruit a dicot tree in the austronesian expansion in the south pacific 94 wheat 222 440 585 641 798 the primary cereal of temperate regions it has a worldwide consumption but it is a staple food of north america europe australia new zealand argentina brazil and much of the greater middle east wheat gluten based meat substitutes are important in the far east albeit less than tofu and are said to resemble meat texture more than others 94 barley 72 157 133 123 142 grown for malting and livestock on land too poor or too cold for wheat 94 sorghum 41 57 56 60 64 important staple food in asia and africa and popular worldwide for livestock 94 millet 26 25 28 33 31 a group of similar cereals that form an important staple food in asia and africa 94 oats 50 41 26 20 22 popular worldwide as a breakfast food such as in porridge and livestock feed 97 triticale 0 0 17 9 14 12 hybrid of wheat and rye grown similarly to rye 94 rye 35 25 20 12 12 important in cold climates rye grain is used for flour bread beer crispbread some whiskeys some vodkas and animal fodder 94 fonio 0 18 0 15 0 31 0 56 0 69 several varieties are grown as food crops in africa 94 trade edit further information grain trade a bulk grain ship 2006 cereals are the most traded commodities by quantity in 2023 with wheat maize and rice the main cereals involved the americas and europe are the largest exporters and asia is the largest importer 85 in 2023 brazil was the largest exporter of maize while india was the largest exporter of rice and china the largest importer of maize and of rice many other countries trade cereals both as exporters and as importers 98 cereals are traded as futures on world commodity markets helping to mitigate the risks of changes in price for example if harvests fail 99 see also edit food price crisis food quality food safety lists of foods post harvest losses pulse notes edit 1961 is the earliest year for which fao statistics are available the weight given is for paddy rice references edit a b winchell frank stevens chris j murphy charlene champion louis fuller dorian q october 2017 evidence for sorghum domestication in fourth millennium bc eastern sudan spikelet morphology from ceramic impressions of the butana group current anthropology 58 5 673 683 bibcode 2017curra 58 673w doi 10 1086 693898 renfrew colin bahn paul 2012 archaeology theories methods and practice 6th ed thames hudson p 277 isbn 978 0 500 28976 1 the development of agriculture national geographic archived from the original on 14 april 2016 retrieved 22 april 2013 hancock james f 2012 plant evolution and the origin of crop species 3rd ed cabi p 119 isbn 978 1 84593 801 7 archived from the original on 4 may 2021 retrieved 10 february 2021 un industrial development organization international fertilizer development center 1998 the fertilizer manual 3rd ed springer science and business media llc p 46 isbn 978 0 7923 5032 3 archived from the original on 4 may 2021 retrieved 10 february 2021 purugganan michael d fuller dorian q 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