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the transgressor and may lead to better understanding of the transgressor this improves the forgiver s health and outlook 115 a meta analysis of several controlled studies of forgiveness oriented psychological interventions tried to determine whether certain classes of intervention helped people to forgive and also whether this helped their emotional health in general 116 it found strong support for forgiveness interventions that helped people go through a multi step process of forgiveness but no support for forgiveness interventions that were designed merely to help people decide to forgive another meta analysis examined how forgiveness interventions affected depression anxiety and hopelessness and concluded that interventions designed to promote forgiveness are more effective at helping participants achieve forgiveness and hope and reduce depression and anxiety than either no treatment or alternative treatments 117 physical health edit see also broaden and build there have been a number of studies attempting to find a correlation between forgiveness and physical health some studies show no correlation while others show a positive correlation 118 evidence supporting a correlation edit people with forgiving personalities tend to experience better physical health a study focusing on relationships revealed that the level of forgiveness exhibited by individuals had a discernible impact on their physical well being regardless of whether they were in positive or negative relationships 119 people who decide to genuinely forgive someone also have better physical health this is due to the relationship between forgiveness and stress reduction 120 people who choose to forgive another have lower blood pressure and lower cortisol levels than those who do not this is theorized to be due to forgiveness and suggests forgiveness is an evolutionarily selected trait 120 forgiveness may reduce hostility which is inversely correlated with physical health and lack of forgiveness may degrade the immune system because it puts stress on the individual forgiving people may have more social support and less stressful marriages and forgiveness may be related to other personality traits that correlate with physical health 120 forgiveness may also correlate with physical health because hostility is associated with poor coronary performance unforgiveness is a kind of hostility and forgiveness is letting go of hostility heart patients who are treated with a combination of medicine and therapy that includes forgiveness have improved cardiac health compared to those treated with medicine alone 118 forgiveness may also lead to an improvement in an individual s perception of their own physical health this correlation applies to both self forgiveness and other forgiveness but is especially true of self forgiveness individuals who are more capable of forgiving themselves have better perceived physical health 121 people who forgive can have healthier hearts fewer depression symptoms and less anxiety forgiveness can help mental health especially with people who have mental disorders forgiveness can also improve the immune system 122 criticisms edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information january 2016 forgiveness studies have been refuted by critics who claim that there is no direct correlation between forgiveness and physical health forgiveness due to the reduction of directed anger contributes to mental health and mental health contributes to physical health but there is no evidence that forgiveness itself directly improves physical health most of the studies on forgiveness cannot isolate it as an independent variable in an individual s well being so it is difficult to prove causation 123 research into the correlation between physical health and forgiveness has been criticized for being too focused on unforgiveness research shows more what hostility and unforgiveness contribute to poor health than it shows what forgiveness contributes to good health 123 unforgiving or holding grudges can contribute to adverse health outcomes by perpetuating anger and heightening sympathetic nervous system arousal and cardiovascular reactivity expression of anger has been strongly associated with chronically elevated blood pressure and with the aggregation of platelets which may increase vulnerability to heart disease 124 self forgiveness edit self forgiveness is commonly associated with reflection self forgiveness happens in response to situations in which someone has done something they perceive to be morally wrong and that they consider themselves to be responsible for self forgiveness is the overcoming of negative emotions that the wrongdoer associates with the wrongful action which can include guilt regret remorse blame shame self hatred and or self contempt 125 major and traumatic life events can cause individuals to experience guilt or self hatred people can reflect on their behavior to determine if their actions are moral in traumatic situations people may self forgive by allowing themselves to change and live a moral life self forgiveness may be required in situations where the individual hurt themselves or others 126 self forgiveness has a moderating effect between depression and suicidality this suggests that self forgiveness up to a point is protective against suicide hinting at possible prevention strategies 127 therapeutic model edit people can unintentionally cause harm or offense to one another it is important that individuals recognize when this happens and self forgive in the process of making amends 128 self forgiveness can benefit emotional and mental well being the ability to forgive oneself for past offenses can lessen negative emotions such as shame and guilt while increasing positive practices such as self kindness and self compassion 129 however the process of self forgiveness may be misinterpreted and therefore not accurately completed 128 this could lead to increased feelings of regret or self blame to avoid this and to increase the positive benefits associated with genuine self forgiveness a specific therapeutic model can be used to encourage genuine self forgiveness the proposed model has four key elements responsibility remorse restoration and renewal 129 responsibility is the first necessary step towards genuine self forgiveness 129 to avoid the negative effect associated with emotions such as overwhelming guilt or regret offenders must first recognize that they have hurt another person and accept responsibility for their actions 128 129 once the person accepts responsibility it is natural for them to experience remorse or guilt however these feelings can be processed and expressed 129 restoration allows the offending person to make the necessary amends to the person s they have hurt during renewal the offending person genuinely forgives themself for their past transgressions and can engage in more positive and meaningful behaviors such as self compassion and self kindness 129 unapologetic forgiveness edit in some contexts forgiveness can help someone deal with an offender who refuses to apologize for or even recognize wrongdoings according to glen pettigrove the relationship between apologies and the adjectives apologetic and unapologetic is not quite so straightforward 130 choosing to forgive someone correlates with whether that person is truly sorry for their actions 131 forgiving a person who does not seem remorseful for their actions can be difficult but it may loosen the grip the person has over the victim intrusive thoughts can cause the forgiver to have feelings of low self worth and to endure a traumatic phase due to the offender s actions 132 a person may benefit from letting go and accepting what has happened letting go does not erase the recognition of what the offender did but forgiveness can lead to inner peace despite the lack of apology from the offender forgiving them may solve problems and increase self love for the victim 131 jean hampton sees the decision to forgive the unrepentant wrongdoer as expressing a commitment to see a wrongdoer in a new more favorable light as one who is not completely rotten or morally dead 130 see also edit a course in miracles 1976 book by helen schucman anantarika karma five heinous offenses in buddhism clementia roman goddess of clemency compassion movement or motivation to help others contrition christian concept of repentance for sins eleos greek deity of mercy and compassion ho oponopono traditional hawaiian practice of reconciliation and forgiveness pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets letter of reconciliation of the polish bishops to the german bishops 1965 pastoral letter pardon forgiveness of a crime by the government regret negative emotional reaction to personal past acts relational transgressions violation of an implicit or explicit relational rules pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets remorse distressing emotion of regret repentance reviewing one s actions and feeling contrition or regret resentment emotion consisting of a mixture of disappointment disgust and anger truth and reconciliation commission commission tasked with discovering and revealing past wrongdoing pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets apokatastasis restoration to the original or primordial condition references edit citations edit doka kenneth 2017 grief is a journey atria books pp 14 16 isbn 978 1 4767 7151 9 hieronymi pamela may 2001 articulating an uncompromising forgiveness pdf pp 1 2 retrieved 2020 01 18 north joanna 1998 exploring forgiveness university of wisconsin pp 20 21 isbn 0 299 15774 1 1 2 3 4 5 american psychological association forgiveness a sampling of research results pdf 2006 pp 5 8 archived from the original pdf on 2011 06 26 retrieved 2009 02 07 what is forgiveness university of california berkeley the greater good science center archived from the original on 2013 11 14 1 2 field 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