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part in the portuguese expedition to marocco and was severely wounded leaving him lame for life feeling he was not sufficiently rewarded for his services magellan left the army without permission leading to his disgrace with the king he gave up his nationality and offered his services to king charles i later holy roman emperor charles v ruler of spain in 1517 portugal had claimed as theirs the islands of the far east as a result of the treaty of tordesillas of 1494 magellan claimed that many of them including the rich spice islands actually lay in spain s territory that portuguese maps had been falsified to conceal this fact in 1513 vasco de balboa had found an ocean on the far side of the new world discovered by christopher columbus magellan proposed to the spanish king an expedition to find a passage through the new world to this ocean and to sail west to the moluccas thus proving that the spice islands lay on the spanish side of the line of demarcation king charles approved the plan magellan took the oath of allegiance in the church of santa maria de la victoria de triana in seville and received the imperial standard he also gave a large sum of money to the monks of the monastery in order that they might pray for the success of the expedition after a year of preparations the expedition left seville in september of 1519 in five small vessels sailing across the atlantic ocean he reached south america at the bay of rio de janeiro by december 13th they arrived at the estuary of the rio de la plata by january 10 1520 and probed for the passage to the vast western ocean by march 31st magellan decided to spend the next six months there during winter storms during this time one ship the santiago was wrecked a mutiny occurred and was quelled and another ship was lost to desertion headed back to spain the voyage was resumed on august 24 1520 by october he had sighted what he assumed to be the sought after strait ships went ahead and reported what they thought to be an ocean beyond however this only proved to be another large bay after deliberating with his navigators magellan decided to proceed magellan had just sailed through the strait that would later bear his name the strait of magellan those straits were originally called the canal de todos los santos all saints channel by magellan himself by late november november 28 magellan and the three remaining ships finally reached the ocean which seven years earlier balboa had discovered because of its apparent calmness he named it mar pacifico the pacific ocean the voyage proceeded along the coast of south america and on december 18th headed west into the pacific one month into the voyage hardships were encountered supplies were depleting food and drinking water were scarce many of the crew died of scurvy land was sighted but no landfall was made until magellan reached the marianas or ladrone islands by march of 1521 there he took on more provisions landing on the island of cebu on april 7th he was received in a friendly manner by the chief and ruler of the island after eight days magellan was able to covert the ruler to christianity along with hundreds of natives the ruler agreed to aid him in an attack on the natives of neighboring island mactan there involved in fighting with natives magellan was killed on april 27 1521 the two remaining ships were refitted and spices purchased under juan sebastian del cano they set sail for the return voyage to spain only one ship the victoria with a crew of only eighteen men and 4 east indians reached seville spain on september 8 1522 after a voyage across the indian ocean around the cape of good hope and north through the atlantic completing a voyage of more than three years they had succeeded in circumnavigating the globe the spices they brought them amply repaid the expenses of the voyage magellan himself had not succeeded in his principal purpose to circumnavigate the globe in one voyage he had however provided the skill and determination that made this achievement possible there is no greater name than ferdinand magellan in the history of discovery he succeeded in crossing the pacific from east to west his voyage laid the foundation for trade in the pacific between the new world and the east edited appleton s encyclopedia copyright 2001 virtualology tm the catholic encyclopedia an international work of reference on the constitution doctrine discipline and history of the catholic church by charles george herbermann edited by stanley l klos 2000 published by universal knowledge foundation 1913 magellan ferdinand the first circum n avigator of the world b about 1480 at saborosa in villa real province of traz os montes portugal d during his voyage of discovery on the island of mactan in the philippines 27 april 1521 he was the son of pedro ruy de magalhäes mayor of the town and of alda de mezquita he was brought up at the court of portugal and learned astronomy and the nautical sciences under good teachers among whom may have been martin behaim these studies filled him at an early age with enthusiasm for the great voyages of discovery which were being made at that period in 1505 he took part in the expedition of francisco d almeida which was equipped to establish the portuguese vice royalty in india and in 1511 he performed important services in the portuguese conquest of malacca he returned home in 1512 and took part in the portuguese expedition to marocco where he was severely wounded on account of a personal disagreement with the commander in chief he left the army without permission this and an unfavourable report that had been made upon him by almeida led to his disgrace with the king condemned to inactivity and checked in his desire for personal distinction he once more devoted himself to studies and projects to which he was mainly stimulated by the reports of the recently discovered moluccas sent by his friend serrao serräo so greatly exaggerated the distance of the moluccas to the east of malacca hat the islands appeared to lie within the half of the world granted by the pope to spain magellan therefore resolved to seek the moluccas by sailing to the west around south america as he could not hope to arouse interest for the carrying out of his plans in portugal and was himself moreover misjudged and ignored he renounced his nationality and offered his services to spain he received much aid from diego barbosa warden of the castle of seville whose daughter he married and from the influential juan de aranda agent of the indian office who at once desired to claim the moluccas for spain king charles i of spain afterwards the emperor charles v gave his consent as early as 22 march 1518 being largely influenced to do this by the advice of cardinal juan rodriguez de fonseca the king made an agreement with magellan which settled the different shares of ownership in the new discoveries and the rewards to be granted the discoverer and appointed him commander of the fleet this fleet consisted of five vessels granted by the government two of 130 tons each two of 90 tons each and one of 60 tons they were provisioned for 234 persons for two years magellan commanded the chief ship the trinidad juan de cartagena the san antonio gaspar de qucsada the concepción luis de mendoza the victoria juan serrano the santiago the expedition also included duarte barbosa barbosa s nephew the cosmographer andres de san martin and the italian antonio pigafetta of vicenza to whom the account of the voyage is due magellan took the oath of allegiance in the church of santa maria de la victoria de triana in seville and received the imperial standard he also gave a large sum of money to the monks of the monastery in order that they might pray for the success of the expedition the fleet sailed 20 september 1519 from san lucar de barameda they steered by way of the cape verde islands to cape st augustine in brazil then along the coast to the bay of rio janeiro 13 december thence to the mouth of the plata 10 january 1520 in both these bodies of water a vain search was made for a passage to the western ocean on 31 march magellan decided to spend the winter below 49 15 south latitude and remained nearly five months in the harbour of san julian while in winter quarters here a mutiny broke out so that magellan was forced to execute qucsada and mendoza and to put cartagena ashore the voyage was resumed on 24 august and on 21 october the fleet reached cape vírgenes and with it the entrance to the long sought straits those straits which are 373 miles long now bear the name of the daring discoverer though he himself called them canal de todos los santos all saints channel the san antonio with the pilot gomez on board secretly deserted and returned to spain while magellan went on with the other ships he entered the straits on 21 november and at the end of three weeks reached the open sea on the other side as he found a very favorable wind he gave the name of mar pacifico to the vast ocean upon which he now sailed for more than three months suffering great privation during that time from lack of provisions keeping steadily to a northwesterly course he reached the equator 13 february 1521 and the ladrones 6 march on 16 march magellan discovered the archipelago of san lázaro afterwards called the philippines he thought to stay here for a time safe from the portuguese and rest his men and repair his ships so as to arrive in good condition at the now not distant moluccas he was received in a friendly manner by the chief of the island of cebú who after eight days was baptized along with several hundred other natives magellan wished to subdue the neighbouring island of mactan and was killed there 27 april by the poisoned arrows of the natives after both duarte barbosa and serrano had also lost their lives on the island of cebú the ships trinidad and victoria set sail under the guidance of carvalho and gonzalo vaz d espinosa and reached the moluccas 8 november 1521 only the victoria with sebastian del cano as captain and a crew of eighteen men reached spain 8 september 1522 the ship brought back 533 hundredweight of cloves which amply repaid the expenses of the voyage magellan himself did not reach his goal the spice islands yet he had accomplished the most difficult part of his task he had been the first to undertake the circumnavigation of the world had carried out his project almost completely and had thus achieved the most difficult nautical feat of all the centuries the voyage proved most fruitful for science it gave the first positive proof of the earth s rotundity and the first true idea of the distribution of land and water third biography ferdinand magellan portuguese fernão de magalhães spanish fernando de magallanes sabrosa 17 october 1480 mactan 27 april 1521 was an explorer and navigator portuguese began the first circumnavigation of the globe in the service of the crown spanish he was the first from europe to the west in direct asia and the first european to sail in pacific ocean the story of his journey is received by the notes of one of his men at arms the vicenza antonio pigafetta who worked for the rest of his life to keep alive the memory of magellan and his business ferdinand magellan was born into an aristocratic family of impoverished sabrosa in the province of trás os montes in northern portugal his father pedro rui de magalhães married alda de mesquita was the mayor of the town magellan had a brother diego de sousa and a sister isabel at the age of ten years magellan lost their parents two years later following his brother became a page at the court of king john ii in lisbon here he enjoyed the generous education due to the young noblemen in 1505 at age 25 he was sent to india where he served under the viceroy francisco de almeida soon he earned an honorable mention for having thwarted a mutiny and saved lives from 1506 he participated in an expedition directed to the spice islands during this expedition he gained promotion to captain 1510 but shortly after he lost his patent captain for having run away from his ship flotilla to look for new lands to the east under the command of alfonso de albuquerque took part in the conquest of the strategic port of malacca in today s malaysia when he returned home he took part in 1513 in an expedition to morocco where he fought in the battle of azamor bringing the damage to knee it was subsequently alleged to have engaged trade with muslims this story that the 15 may 1514 led to her dismissal with disgrace from the service to the portuguese crown at the same time magellan came into possession of a map that suggested a move towards the pacific ocean just south of the rio de la plata he was convinced of being able in this way to find a way for the asia shorter than around africa this would have allowed us to discover a passage to the south west connecting the atlantic with the pacific this passage geographically considered likely but which no one had credible reports idly from time cartographers in fact the strategic aim of the expedition was to find a new sea route to the spice islands in the archipelago of the indonesian moluccas preventing the circumvention of africa whose western and southern ports were all in the hands of portugal if possible one should also prove that the moluccas were actually dell antimeridiano west of the demarcation line that according to the treaties divided the spheres of influence and possession of colonial spanish and portuguese of course not least would be the possible discovery of new lands to be annexed to the already vast empire of the king of spain convinced charles v to finance the enterprise the expedition of five ships sailed september 20 1519 from san lucar de barrameda aug 10 from the port of seville on 28 november 1520 left with only three ships one was wrecked the other had deserted crossed the strait that bears his name and for the first time in a big ocean forwarded unknown to westerners that for all three months at sea in the direction of north west was quiet to the point that he was given the name of the pacific in march 1521 he reached the mariana islands and then the philippines called island of san lazzaro where he met his death at the hands of the natives according to the account of pigafetta in the philippines magellan was able to convert the king of the island of cebu rajah humabon and many of his subjects to christianity cebu when he submitted to the spanish crown a rebellion broke out on the nearby island of mactan magellan decided to use force to conquer mactan spain and christianity when he landed on the morning of 27 april 1521 in mactan was killed by the inhabitants of the island the trip ended on 6 september 1522 when the victoria the only surviving ship returned to the port of departure after having completed the first circumnavigation of the globe in two years 11 months and 17 days on board the small ship 85 tons which was taking on water and a canopy of luck th...