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s earls of essex whom he was trying to divorce he was a selfish unprincipled man of no ability who always followed a leader first thomas seymour then dudley paulet lord st john of basing was a greater time server than russell and contrived to hold office through four reigns his wretched motto was ortus sum ex salice non ex quercu 12 the earl of arundel was the only member of the old nobility on the council but he was a politician with no principles and no intelligible aims he seemed to intrigue without any definite object and was quite useless as a statesman as a time server he was a rival to russell or paulet the chancellor was thomas wriothesley grandson of john wrythe the garter king of arms to richard iii and son of the york herald he had been a diplomatist and secretary of state and in 1544 was created lord wriothesley of titchfield he was knight of the garter and lord chancellor he had been gorged with church property in hampshire including titchfield abbey and was a man after henry s own heart cruel unscrupulous and subservient although himself a papist he induced mary to sign a recantation declaring the pope a usurper and herself a bastard he tortured anne askew with his own hands who always followed a leader first thomas seymour then dudley paulet lord st john of basing was a greater time server than russell and contrived to hold office through four reigns his wretched motto was ortus sum ex salice non ex quercu 13 the earl of arundel was the only member of the old nobility on the council but he was a politician with no principles and no intelligible aims he seemed to intrigue without any definite object and was quite useless as a statesman as a time server he was a rival to russell or paulet the chancellor was thomas wriothesley grandson of john wrythe the garter king of arms to richard iii and son of the york herald he had been a diplomatist and secretary of state and in 1544 was created lord wriothesley of titchfield he was knight of the garter and lord chancellor he had been gorged with church property in hampshire including titchfield abbey and was a man after henry s own heart cruel unscrupulous and subservient although himself a papist he induced mary to sign a recantation declaring the pope a usurper and herself a bastard he tortured anne askew with his own hands after the lieutenant of the tower had refused in disgust to take part in the business richard rich was such a man as wriothesley nothing worse can be said the founder of his family was a london tradesman of the same name he was married to the daughter of a grocer named jenks rich was solicitor general he inveigled sir thomas more into a private conversation and then produced what he had said as evidence against him at his trial he helped wriothesley to torture anne askew richard southwell was another such base treacherous wretch his grandfather was sir richard southwell of barham hall in suffolk his father sir francis was auditor of the exchequer richard succeeded to great wealth and was brought up with the earl of surrey in 1631 he got a pardon for being concerned in a murder being fined wool he was active in the proceedings against monasteries under cromwell and in 1538 he became receiver to the court of augmentations he was knighted in 1542 and became a base tool of henry viii in that capacity he came forward as a false witness against his friend the earl of surrey to whom he owed much he shared in the plunder of the howards sir anthony wingfield of a good suffolk family had held offices in henry s household yet comparatively speaking he was an honest man the same may be said of sir thomas cheyney treasurer of the household and of sir john gage the controller sir anthony browne master of the horse was descended from a knight of the same names who was created k b at the coronation of richard ii he married alice daughter of sir john gage and died in 1548 leaving a son with the same names as owner of his fine house at cowdray in hampshire sir anthony was a papist but he supported hertford in his measures to obtain the protectorate sir ralph sadleir was born in 1507 and owed his rise to cromwell into whose household he was received he was also a gentleman of the privy chamber and employed on missions to scotland which he conducted with sound judgment and ability in 1542 he was knighted and became secretary of state sir ralph was a trustworthy politician a good writer and a valiant soldier quite an exception among the officials employed by henry viii edmund peckham had been admitted when quite young as a clerk in the king s counting house and in 1524 was appointed cofferer of the household in 1526 clerk of the green cloth in 1542 he was knighted and in 1546 became master of the mint with a house in blackfriars he also had a house and estate at denham in buckinghamshire peckham was a strong papist but comparatively an honest official the church was represented on the council by the archbishop of canterbury and the bishop of durham cranmer with all his faults was a very lovable character he was weak and vacillating and unduly subservient or he never could have worked so long with henry he acquiesced in the cruel acts of persecution and even sent men to the stake for their beliefs with his own still unformed he seldom ventured to remonstrate and when he did as in the case of cromwell his intervention was feeble and deferential now his work was before him he was about to undertake and complete labors of such value to posterity that they have rendered the reign of edward vi illustrious for all time dr tunstall bishop of durham was a good and kind hearted man an experienced diplomatist and though a concealed papist he took part in editing the english translation of the bible montagu the chief justice and bromley representing the legal profession were neutral sir edward north of the court of augmentations and sir john baker the chancellor of the exchequer seem to have worked diligently in their departments baker was also speaker of the house of commons sir e wotton treasurer of calais and dr wotton dean of canterbury were diplomatists the secretary of state was sir william petre who by always taking the winning side kept in favor through four reigns son of john petre of turbigan in devonshire petre was born at exeter and educated at exeter college oxford he became a doctor of law and was employed by cromwell on the commission for the visitation of monasteries as a reward he got a slice of the plunder and in 1544 was made secretary of state when catherine parr was regent he was one of her council in 1546 petre had special licence to retain twenty men besides menial servants and to give them liveries and cognizances he obtained ingatestone in essex and a dozen other manors his first wife was gertrude daughter of sir john tyrrel of worley his second anne daughter of sir w browne lord mayor petre was a diligent and valuable public servant the other secretary was sir thomas smith but he was not yet on the council born at saffron walden in 1512 thomas smith was of queens college cambridge and became a fellow in 1531 he worked with cheke at greek pronunciation and in 1539 travelled in france and italy in 1542 he became professor of civil law and was tutor to edward earl of oxford in 1547 he entered hertford s household and eventually became steward of the stannaries provost of eton dean of carlisle and secretary of state sir thomas smith was a learned and very able statesman and one of the few thoroughly honorable and fearless public men that the age produced he married philippa daughter of sir john hamden whose jointure was hill hall where he lived these were the councillors who were destined by henry for the government of england during the minority almost all were plunderers of public property neither honor nor principle could be expected from politicians who were in favor with such a man two bishops gardiner and thirlby who were on henry s council were omitted in the list of executors and all the old nobility except arundel grey marquis of dorset who had married henry s niece frances brandon was another notable omission hertford and paget kept the death secret for two days while they prepared their measures before summoning the executors and sir anthony browne the master of the horse assured hertford of his support omitted in the list of executors and all the old nobility except arundel grey marquis of dorset who had married henry s niece frances brandon was another notable omission hertford and paget kept the death secret for two days while they prepared their measures before summoning the executors and sir anthony browne the master of the horse assured hertford of his support 1 but edward omitted her name in his journal mary had been allowed to come to court again in july 1536 after having signed a solemn declaration that the pope s pretended authority and jurisdiction in england were usurped and that her mother s marriage was by god s law incestuous and unlawful 2 camden introduction to the annals of elizabeth a ellis oriyinal letters 1st series 3 the names of the other boys were stonrton kelingham le strange denny r browne armour j browne and cotton 4 fuller says that barnaby was edward s whipping boy the term he uses is proxy for correction he gives no authority and the story is not worthy of belief the idea is very un euglish fuller wrote in the days of the stuarts when it was known that james stuart had had such a proxy 5 lord strange swore that he was employed as a spy by somerset somerset swore that he was not so that he was either a spy or a perjured liar in either case not a desirable comrade for the prince it was in the blood the treachery of the stanleys ended the glorious dynasty of plantagenets and there was a stanley traitor in the days of elizabeth 6 afterwards duchess of feria her mother was a sydney grandchild of young edward s chamberlain sir william sydney 7 he was not earl of richmond his father had been given that title but had been deprived by act of attainder the earldom of richmond was afterwards granted by edward iv to his brother the duke of gloucester when the duke became king as richard iii the title merged in the crown 8 t hey were illegitimate because edward iv was married or contracted to lady eleanor butler at the time that he went through a marriage ceremony with elizabeth woodville 9 chester peterborough bristol oxford westminster 10 a tyrant is he who rules against the will of the people who oppresses the liberty of the commonwealth by force who does not make the people s good his chief object but only concerns himself with his own aggrandisement and the security of his usurped power mariana el key p 188 11 yet this injustice was eventually righted the male heirs from the stanhope marriage came to an end the present duke of somerset and marquis of hertford are descended from the disinherited son of the first marriage 12 i was not born out of willow oak 13 i m from 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