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ies in the heart of massachusetts they were hoping that this grass root effort would expand statewide forcing the legislature and the governor to adopt measures to satisfy their grievances despite the call to abstain from all mobs and unlawful assemblies on the following tuesday 1500 insurgents assembled under arms at the northampton court house preventing the trial and imprisonment of debtors the governor of massachusetts mobilized the militia in the most feel ing and spirited manner to suppress such treasonable proceedings little attention was given to the governor s militia call and the counties of worchester middlesex bristol and berkshire were set in flame and the tumult threatening a general statewide rebellion 8 in the succeeding week the courts of common pleas and general sessions of the peace at worchester were surrounded by three hundred insurgents the judges although admitted to the door were prevented entrance by a line of bayonets the chief justice rebuffed the rioters on the madness of their conduct but the court was forced to retire to an adjacent house where trials were conducted the violence of the mob however soon forced the court to adjourn altogether until the 21st of november these actions were mirrored with a convention of delegates called from the towns of middlesex county whose proceedings very near resembled to those of their brethren in hampshire the rebellion was gaining steam and the armed insurgents had formed a defiant militia led by daniel shays a former revolutionary army captain 9 in new york the usca remained powerless to help massachusetts but their foreign secretary john jay was determined to win most favored status with spain secretary jay believe believed that his proposed spanish american treaty would result in the opening of new markets not only in europe but the entire spanish colonial empire for one year minister gardoqui has stalled jay by lavishing him his wife and key members of congress in hopes of establishing favor trade concessions for spain s exclusive right to the lower mississippi spain wanted to kept american trade and settlement in frontier areas to a minimum because they viewed the growing united states as a threat to their vast undeveloped territory in the american west unfortunately neither spanish colonial officials nor the king s policymakers in madrid were interested in granting the concessions to the mississippi and the new orleans port jay wrote mr gardoqui strongly insists on our relinquishing it we have had many conferences and much reasoning on the subject not necessary now to detail his concluding answer to all my arguments has steadily been that the king will never yield that point nor consent to any compromise about it for that it always has been and continues to be one of their maxims of policy to exclude all mankind from their american shores i have often reminded him that the adjacent country was filling fast with people and that the time must and would come when they would not submit to seeing a fine river flow before their doors without using it as a highway to the sea for the transportation of their productions that it would therefore be wise to look forward to that event and take care not to sow in the treaty any seeds of future discord he said that the time alluded to was far distant and that treaties were not to provide for contingencies so remote and future for his part he considered the rapid settlement of that country as injurious to the states and that they would find it necessary to check it many fruitless arguments passed between us and though he would admit that the only way to make treaties and friendship permanent was for neither party to leave the other anything to complain of yet he would still insist that the mississippi must be shut against us in addition to trade challenges there was also the border dispute of spanish east and west florida in 1783 king george iii ceded back east and west florida that became great britain s territory after winning the seven years war in 1763 although the border was set at the 31 st parallel in 1763 great britain moved it to 32 38 latitude in 1783 great britain in its concessions of the floridas ceded it at the 31 st parallel spain contended after the war that the border remained at 32 38 latitude this border dispute as one can well imagine became a major contention between the united states and spain in the summer of 1786 jay came to the conclusion that to establish vital spanish trade concessions and a florida border at 31 st parallel the usca should vacate the claim to the lower mississippi for a period of 25 30 years he decided to bring the matter before the usca and seeking southern support jay broached the subject with virginia delegate james monroe jay reasoned whether mr gardoqui would be content with such an article i cannot determine my instructions restraining me from even sounding him respecting it i nevertheless think the experiment worth trying for several reasons 1 because unless that matter can in some way or other be settled the treaty however advantageous will not be concluded 2 as that navigation is not at present important nor will probably become much so in less than twenty five or thirty years a forbearance to use it while we do not want it is no great sacrifice 3 spain now excludes us from that navigation and with a strong hand holds it against us she will not yield it peaceably and therefore we can only acquire it by war now as we are not prepared for a war with any power as many of the states would be little inclined to a war with spain for that object at this day and as such a war would for those and a variety of obvious reasons be inexpedient it follows that spain will for a long space of time yet to come exclude us from that navigation why therefore should we not for a valuable consideration too consent to forbear to use what we know is not in our power to use 4 if spain and the united states should part on this point what are the latter to do will it after that be consistent with their dignity to permit spain forcibly to exclude them from a right which at the expense of a beneficial treaty they have asserted they will find themselves obliged either to do this and be humiliated or they must attack spain are they ripe and prepared for this i wish i could say they are it is possible that such an article if agreed to might lessen one of the arguments urged to enhance the value of western lands but would not the spaniards continuing by force to exclude us from the navigation soon have the same effect in either case that argument must lose some of its force but in the one case america would lose some of its dignity it can be no question therefore which of the two cases would be least desirable if such a compromise should be attempted and not succeed we shall lose nothing by it for they who take a lease admit the right of the lessor i have some hopes that it would succeed for i suspect that spain would argue that as we are tempted to this forbearance now by other articles in the treaty the like temptations will again induce us to prolong it besides i much doubt whether the minister extends his views far beyond the limits of his own life or administration if he can render that easy and satisfactory he may perhaps without much reluctance leave future disputes to be settled by future ministers it is hard to say whether this will or will not be the case i am for trying the experiment because it can in my opinion do us no injury and may produce much good james monroe was anything but an ally on the usca giving jay the power to negotiate such a treaty he led the opposition writing patrick henry this is one of the most extraordinary transactions i have ever known a minister negotiating expressly for the purpose of defeating the object of his instructions and by a long train of intrigue management seducing the representatives of the states to concur in it it is possible some or perhaps one in which case it will be ever member may change his sentiments but as he risked his reputation upon carrying it it is to be presumed he had engaged them too firmly in the business to have a possibility of their forsaking him this however is not the only subject of consequence i have to engage yr attention to certain it is that committees are held in this town of eastern men and others of this state upon the subject of a dismemberment of the states east the hudson from the union the erection of them into a separate government to what lengths they have gone i know not but have assurances to the truth of the above position with this addition to it that the measure is talked of in massachusetts familiarly is supposed to have originated there this treaty independent of the sacrifice i consider as a very disadvantageous one such as we shod not accept since it in reality gains us nothing subjects to very high restrictions such as exist in none of our other treaties although they are in effect bad enough but they are to be justified especially those of france holland in the motives which led to them to bring those powers into the war the object in the occlusion of the mississippi on the part of these people so far as it is extended to the interests of their states for those of a private kind gave birth to it is to break up so far as this will do it the settlements on the western waters prevent any in future and thereby keep the states southward as they now are or if settlements will take place that they shall be on such principles as to make it the interest of the people to separate from the confederacy so as effectually to exclude any new state from it to throw the weight of population eastward keep it there to appreciate the vacant lands of new york massachusetts in short it is a system of policy which has for its object the keeping the weight of govt population in this quarter is pursued by a set of men so flagitious unprincipled determine in their pursuits as to satisfy me beyond a doubt they have extended their views to the dismemberment of the govt 10 on august 29 1786 the matter was brought before the usca and the debate was lengthy heated with the southern western states opposing john jay s proposal the usca resolved that the resolutions of the 20 july 1785 and the 25th of august following authorizing the secretary of foreign affairs to treat with don diego de gardoqui respecting the boundaries and the mississippi in the words above recited be and they are hereby repealed that two commissioners be appointed and associated with the secretary of foreign affairs with powers to enter into a treaty with don diego de gardoqui or such other person as his c m shall appoint upon the following principles upon the mississippi and the boundaries as above but that they receive no proposition on the said points until he shall be authorized by his said majesty to accede to the said terms 11 seven states accepted jay s proposal but the articles of confederation required nine so the measure failed james monroe had successfully stalled john jay s treaty notwithstanding all the weaknesses of the usca that might have sparked reform such as having a standing army to put down this rebellion it was the usca s lack of power to regulate commerce that brought about the historic annapolis convention this was a positive and far reaching meeting that was called to order by john dickinson at the maryland state house in attendance were 12 delegates of the five states delaware new jersey new york pennsylvania and virginia john dickinson was elected chairman and other notable attendees were richard bassett abraham clark alexander hamilton william c houston james madison edmund j randolph and george read the delegates were appointed from massachusetts new hampshire rhode island and north carolina did make the journey to annapolis but arrived too late to take part in the convention maryland the host state along with connecticut south carolina and georgia did not make any appointments 12 the meager representation was actually a blessing because the commissioners took no action on intrastate commerce as planned instead the delegates turned the convention into a brainstorming session on how to correct the defects in the articles of confederation hamilton and madison seized the lead in proposing that they should summarize their discussions in a formal report to the usca the other delegates agreed and submitted their unanimous recommendations that included calling a convention to revise the ailing articles of confederation this landmark report was drafted by alexander hamilton and culminated with the specific usca recommendation to call on all the states to send their preeminent and most experienced representatives to philadelphia on the second monday of may in 1787 under this impression your commissioners with the most respectful deference beg leave to suggest their unanimous conviction that it may essentially tend to advance the interests of the union if the states by whom they have been respectively delegated would themselves concur and use their endeavours to procure the concurrence of the other states in the appointment of commissioners to meet at philadelphia on the second monday in may next to take into consideration the situation of the united states to devise such further provisions as shall appear to them necessary to render the constitution of the federal government adequate to the exigencies of the union and to report such an act for that purpose to the united states in congress assembled as when agreed to by them and afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every state will effectually provide for the same 13 in new york that same fall president gorham s september congress selected judges for hearing on yet another state boundary dispute this time it was between south carolina and georgia on september 14th congress finalized connecticut s land cession of their portion of the northwest territory a few days later they agreed to bar payment of usca requisitions in paper money that wasn t worth a continental the action was followed with post masters orders to receive no other money in payment for postage than specie not even the federal government had confidence in its backing of its own discontinued currency 14 in october congress turned to debating a third ordinance for the northwest territory because the ordinances of 1784 and 1785 had failed wretchedly to stabilize any orderly settlement of the seven ranges in ohio also in october congress elected james white southern indian superintendent to confer with southern states other gorham usca measures included the adoption of an ordinance for settlement of the states continental accounts along with a law for establishment of a mint an ordinance for the establishment of the mint of the united states of america and for regulating the value and alloy of coin it is hereby ordained by the united states in congress assembled that a mint be established for the coinage of gold ...