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forgotten first ladies forgotten first ladies forgotten first ladies brochure home forgotten first ladies brochure junior scholar workbook hospitality treasure hunt about naomi friday july 22 2016 forgotten first ladies the forgotten first ladies by naomi yavneh klos ph d the public mind seems not to be yet settled on the vice president the question has been supposed to lie between hancock adams the former is far the more popular man in n england but he has declared to his lady it is said that she had once been the first in america he wd never make her the second james madison october 28 1788 this excerpt from james madison s letter to edmund randolph is surprising for two reasons first the use of the term first lady to describe the president s wife is generally thought to have begun some time in the 19th century while martha washington was frequently referred to as lady washington in her lifetime a mrs sigourney is credited with using the phrase for the very first time in a profile of martha published in the boston currier on june 12 1843 subsequently president zachary taylor is said to have referred to dolley madison as first lady in his 1849 eulogy at her state funeral but there is no extant text of his remarks the expression began to be somewhat popular a decade later when harriet lane niece of bachelor president buchanan was referred to in an 1860 article as first lady of the land madison s comment is remarkable however not just for its seemingly anachronistic terminology but also because of its subject martha washington is after all universally recognized as the united states first first lady whether or not that term was in use at the time to whom is madison referring throughout american history the first lady has played an important role in hospitality she serves and has served as hostess adviser and often social activist even before the constitution of 1787 in 1776 george washington served as the commander in chief of the continental army but he was not the president of the united states john hancock was the elected president of the continental congress and in that position he signed the declaration of independence as president mr hancock was considered the new nation s head of state the commander in chief s wife martha washington and the continental congress president s wife dorothy hancock each took on the responsibilities of providing hospitality to important figures of the day in addition to hospitality the first ladies supported their husbands by helping them carry out many tasks for example martha washington was very concerned with the morale of the troops and worked with women in many cities to collect funds and make shirts for soldiers she stayed with her husband in camp cared for sick soldiers and helped organize dances and dinner parties frequently at the commander in chief s headquarters in philadelphia dolly hancock helped her husband not only by hosting dinners for congressmen and foreign visitors but with basic tasks like trimming the rough edges off the paper money printed by congress and packing it into saddle bags to be carried to different parts of the country john adams describes dorothy in a letter sent home to his wife abigail on november 4 1775 two pair of colours belonging to the seventh regiment were brought here last night from chambly and hung up in mrs hancocks chamber with great splendor and elegance that lady sends her compliments and good wishes among an hundred men almost at this house she lives and behaves with modesty decency dignity and discretion i assure you her behaviour is easy and genteel she avoids talking upon politicks in large and mixed companies she is totally silent as a lady ought to be but whether her eyes are so penetrating and her attention so quick to the words looks gestures sentiments c of the company as yours would be saucy as you are this way i wont say martha washington remained wife of the commander in chief until her husband resigned his commission on december 23 1783 following the signing of the treaty of paris in september she of course resumed that role as well as serving as the wife of the nation s chief executive upon washington s inauguration in 1789 as president and commander in chief but the president of the continental congress served a year or less and this tradition became codified under the articles of confederation which not only further limited the president s congressional powers it specified a one year term with no possibility of re election although the role of the president of both the continental congress 1774 1781 and the united states in congress assembled 1781 1788 were vastly different than the role under our current constitution hospitality was an expected part of the job indeed beginning under the presidency of john jay 1778 79 the president received the use of a convenient dwelling house along with a table carriage and servants at public expense and a 3 000 entertainment stipend sarah livingston jay was not able to join her husband until several months into his presidency but upon her arrival in philadelphia she both hosted and attended dinners that included such dignitaries as the ministers of france and spain the development of those relationships played an important role in both the selection of john to serve as minister plenipotentiary to negotiate peace with spain and sarah s decision to leave their son peter with their parents and join her husband for several years of diplomacy in europe martha huntington wife of the continental congress and usca president samuel huntington did not originally travel to philadelphia upon his assuming the presidency on september 29 1779 but she joined him when his term was extended into a second year in 1780 after congress provided him with a proper house and servants a post rider was sent with a carriage to norwich from which she was escorted according to the newspaper by a number of gentlemen and ladies of the first character like dolly hancock before her first lady martha huntington was a generous and quiet hostess who according to the marquis de chastellux served everybody but spoke to no one annis boudinot stockton even before the modern presidency the first lady was not always the president s wife when congress was forced to flee from philadelphia to princeton new jersey in 1783 elias boudinot the fourth usca president under the articles of confederation moved to the home of his sister annis boudinot stockton a published poet annis welcomed congressmen and dignitaries advocating on behalf of the new republic her poem on hearing of the news of the capture of lord cornwallis and the british army by gen washington was published in the new jersey gazette under the by line by a lady of new jersey bring now ye muses from th aonian grove the wreath of victory which the sisters wove wove and laid up in mars most awful fane to crown our hero on virginia s plain see from castalia s sacred fount they haste and now already on his brow tis plac d the trump of fame proclaims aloud the joy and washington is crown d re echo s to the sky ll 1 8 although the articles of confederation would be completely replaced by the constitution upon its ratification at the beginning of 1789 the dinners hosted by president cyrus griffin and his wife lady christina were designed to bring together political opponents in a social setting to work together on important congressional issues of the day cyrus had met christina daughter of the scottish earl of traquair when he was studying law in edinburgh despite religious differences the two married abigail and john adams daughter abigail adams smith provided her mother this brief overview of the social week circle during the last months of the united states in congress assembled the president cyrus griffin is said to be a worthy man his lady is a scotch woman with the title of lady christina griffin she is out of health but appears to be a friendly disposed woman we are engaged to dine there next tuesday the president of congress gives a dinner one or two or more days every week to twenty person gentlemen and ladies mr jay i believe gives a dinner almost ever week besides the corps diplomatique on tuesday evenings miss van berkell and lady temple see company on thursdays mrs jay and mrs laforey the wife of the french consul on fridays lady christiana the presidentess and on saturdays mrs secretary papa knows her and to be sure she is a curiosity september 7 1788 united colonies continental congress president term age elizabeth betty harrison randolph 1745 1783 peyton randolph 09 05 1774 10 22 1774 29 mary williams middleton 1741 1761 deceased henry middleton 10 22 26 1774 n a elizabeth betty harrison randolph 1745 1783 peyton randolph 05 20 24 1775 30 dorothy quincy hancock scott 1747 1830 john hancock 05 25 1775 07 01 1776 28 united states continental congress president term age dorothy quincy hancock scott 1747 1830 john hancock 07 02 1776 10 29 1777 29 eleanor ball laurens 1731 1770 deceased henry laurens 11 01 1777 12 09 1778 n a sarah van brugh livingston jay 1756 1802 john jay 12 10 1778 09 28 1778 22 martha huntington 1738 39 1794 samuel huntington 09 29 1779 02 28 1781 41 united states in congress assembled president term age martha huntington 1738 39 1794 samuel huntington 03 01 1781 07 06 1781 42 sarah armitage mckean 1756 1820 thomas mckean 07 10 1781 11 04 1781 25 jane contee hanson 1726 1812 john hanson 11 05 1781 11 03 1782 55 hannah stockton boudinot 1736 1808 elias boudinot 11 03 1782 11 02 1783 46 annis boudinot stockton 1736 1801 sister to elias boudinot 06 30 1783 11 02 1783 46 sarah morris mifflin 1747 1790 thomas mifflin 11 03 1783 11 02 1784 36 anne gaskins pinkard lee 1738 1796 richard henry lee 11 20 1784 11 19 1785 46 dorothy quincy hancock scott 1747 1830 john hancock 11 23 1785 06 06 1786 38 rebecca call gorham 1744 1812 nathaniel gorham 06 06 1786 02 01 1787 42 phoebe bayard st clair 1743 1818 arthur st clair 02 02 1787 01 21 1788 43 christina stuart griffin 1751 1807 cyrus griffin 01 22 1788 01 29 1789 36 usca u s u c continental congress commander in chief term age martha washington 1731 1802 george washington 06 15 1775 12 23 1781 44 the articles of confederation limited the term of each usca president to one year consequently each president remained in office until the one year term expiration unless the usca president resigned or another delegate was elected in his place capitals of the united colonies and states of america philadelphia sept 5 1774 to oct 24 1774 city tavern carpenter s hall philadelphia may 10 1775 to dec 12 1776 pennsylvania state house baltimore dec 20 1776 to feb 27 1777 henry fite s house philadelphia march 4 1777 to sept 18 1777 pennsylvania state house lancaster september 27 1777 lancaster court house york sept 30 1777 to june 27 1778 york town court house philadelphia july 2 1778 to june 21 1783 college hall pa state house princeton june 30 1783 to nov 4 1783 nassau hall annapolis nov 26 1783 to aug 19 1784 maryland state house trenton nov 1 1784 to dec 24 1784 french arms tavern new york city jan 11 1785 to nov 13 1788 new york city hall new york city october 6 1788 to march 3 1789 walter livingston house new york city march 3 1789 to august 12 1790 federal hall philadelphia december 6 1790 to may 14 1800 congress hall washington dc november 17 1800 to present five us capitols manuscript document signed john hancock with his wife s signature underneath his dorothy hancock two full pages legal folio boston november 29 1790 know all men by these presents that i john hancock of boston in the county of suffolk and commonwealth of massachusetts esquire for and in consideration of the sum of ten pounds paid me in hand by john sprange of deadham in the same county the receipt whereof i do hereby acknowledge and myself therewith fully contented and satisfied have and by these presents do give grant bargain sell and convey to him the said john sprange his heirs and assigns forever a certain piece or parcel of land lying in braintree partly and partly in milton in the county aforesaid containing about thirty two acres and three quarters more or less which same land was purchased by the late thomas hancock esquire of one john washworth by a deed bearing date the twenty third day of april one thousand seven hundred and forty seven and which has come to me the grantor by the wills of the said thomas hancock and his widow lydia hancock and which is bounded and described in the deed aforesaid to have and to hold the above granted premises to him the said john sprange his heirs and assigns forever and of the said john hancock for myself my heirs executors and administrators do covenant and agree to end with the said john sprange his heirs and assigns that i am the lawful owner of the aforegranted premises and that i have good and lawful right to sell and convey the same as aforesaid and that he the said john sprange his heirs and assigns shall hold and enjoy the same forever and dorothy the wife of the said john hancock in taken of her wishing her dower in the premises both hereunto let her hand and seal this with her said husband the twenty ninth day of november in the year of our lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety john hancock dorothy hancock sealed signed and delivered in presence of ja sullivan titus thayer suffolk the 11th 1791 then his excellency john hancock esq acknowledged the aforegoing to be his free act and deed before me ja sullivan jus peace april 11th 1791 boston april 3d 1792 received and entered with suffolk deeds lib 172 fol 209 etc henry alline regstr dorothy quincy married john hancock in august of 1775 though prior to this she was reported to have had a crush on aaron burr it was hancock s aunt lydia that quashed those ideas however by abruptly ending a visit by burr when he came to call upon her she was witness to the battle of lexington and was by default the first presidential secretary while she assisted her husband with his work in the continental congress as hancock had no staff this 1791 deed has both the signature of our first signer of the declaration of independence and his wife together on the same document dorothy hancock s signature in her own right is nearly unobtainable while not of the fabled stature of abigail adams martha washington or dolley madison mrs hancock was the first first lady of the united states of america and should be honored as such posted by estoric at 2 38 pm 12 comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest home subscribe to posts atom watermark theme powered by blogger