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f trial by jury shall be preserved and no fact so tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the confederacy than according to the rules of common law 19 excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted 20 every law or resolution having the force of law shall relate to but one subject and that shall be expressed in the title section 10 i no state shall enter into any treaty alliance or confederation grant letters of marque and reprisal coin money make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or grant any title of nobility 2 no state shall without the consent of the congress lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury of the confederate states and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of congress 3 no state shall without the consent of congress lay any duty on tonnage except on seagoing vessels for the improvement of its rivers and harbors navigated by the said vessels but such duties shall not conflict with any treaties of the confederate states with foreign nations and any surplus revenue thus derived shall after making such improvement be paid into the common treasury nor shall any state keep troops or ships of war in time of peace enter into any agreement or compact with another state or with a foreign power or engage in war unless actually invaded or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay but when any river divides or flows through two or more states they may enter into compacts with each other to improve the navigation thereof article ii section i i the executive power shall be vested in a president of the confederate states of america he and the vice president shall hold their offices for the term of six years but the president shall not be reeligible the president and vice president shall be elected as follows 2 each state shall appoint in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct a number of electors equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress but no senator or representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the confederate states shall be appointed an elector 3 the electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for president and vice president one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice president and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president and of all persons voted for as vice president and of the number of votes for each which lists they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the confederate states directed to the president of the senate the president of the senate shall in the presence of the senate and house of representatives open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted the person having the greatest number of votes for president shall be the president if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed and if no person have such majority then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as president the house of representatives shall choose immediately by ballot the president but in choosing the president the votes shall be taken by states the representation from each state having one vote a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the states and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice and if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them before the 4th day of march next following then the vice president shall act as president as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president 4 the person having the greatest number of votes as vice president shall be the vice president if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed and if no person have a majority then from the two highest numbers on the list the senate shall choose the vice president a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of senators and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice 5 but no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible to that of vice president of the confederate states 6 the congress may determine the time of choosing the electors and the day on which they shall give their votes which day shall be the same throughout the confederate states 7 no person except a natural born citizen of the confederate states or a citizen thereof at the time of the adoption of this constitution or a citizen thereof born in the united states prior to the 20th of december 1860 shall be eligible to the office of president neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty five years and been fourteen years a resident within the limits of the confederate states as they may exist at the time of his election 8 in case of the removal of the president from office or of his death resignation or inability to discharge the powers and duties of said office the same shall devolve on the vice president and the congress may by law provide for the case of removal death resignation or inability both of the president and vice president declaring what officer shall then act as president and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a president shall be elected 9 the president shall at stated times receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the confederate states or any of them 10 before he enters on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirmation section 2 i the president shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the confederate states and of the militia of the several states when called into the actual service of the confederate states he may require the opinion in writing of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the confederate states except in cases of impeachment 2 he shall have power by and with the advice and consent of the senate to make treaties provided two thirds of the senators present concur and he shall nominate and by and with the advice and consent of the senate shall appoint ambassadors other public ministers and consuls judges of the supreme court and all other officers of the confederate states whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for and which shall be established by law but the congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the president alone in the courts of law or in the heads of departments 3 the principal officer in each of the executive departments and all persons connected with the diplomatic service may be removed from office at the pleasure of the president all other civil officers of the executive departments may be removed at any time by the president or other appointing power when their services are unnecessary or for dishonesty incapacity inefficiency misconduct or neglect of duty and when so removed the removal shall be reported to the senate together with the reasons therefor 4 the president shall have power to fill all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session but no person rejected by the senate shall be reappointed to the same office during their ensuing recess section 3 i the president shall from time to time give to the congress information of the state of the confederacy and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient he may on extraordinary occasions convene both houses or either of them and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed and shall commission all the officers of the confederate states sec 4 i the president vice president and all civil officers of the confederate states shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of treason bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors article iii section 1 i the judicial power of the confederate states shall be vested in one supreme court and in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time ordain and establish the judges both of the supreme and inferior courts shall hold their offices during good behavior and shall at stated times receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office section 2 i the judicial power shall extend to all cases arising under this constitution the laws of the confederate states and treaties made or which shall be made under their authority to all cases affecting ambassadors other public ministers and consuls to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction to controversies to which the confederate states shall be a party to controversies between two or more states between a state and citizens of another state where the state is plaintiff between citizens claiming lands under grants of different states and between a state or the citizens thereof and foreign states citizens or subjects but no state shall be sued by a citizen or subject of any foreign state 2 in all cases affecting ambassadors other public ministers and consuls and those in which a state shall be a party the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction in all the other cases before mentioned the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact with such exceptions and under such regulations as the congress shall make 3 the trial of all crimes except in cases of impeachment shall be by jury and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed but when not committed within any state the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed section 3 i treason against the confederate states shall consist only in levying war against them or in adhering to their enemies giving them aid and comfort no person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or on confession in open court 2 the congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted article iv section 1 i full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts records and judicial proceedings of every other state and the congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts records and proceedings shall be proved and the effect thereof section 2 i the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states and shall have the right of transit and sojourn in any state of this confederacy with their slaves and other property and the right of property in said slaves shall not be thereby impaired 2 a person charged in any state with treason felony or other crime against the laws of such state who shall flee from justice and be found in another state shall on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled be delivered up to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime 3 no slave or other person held to service or labor in any state or territory of the confederate states under the laws thereof escaping or lawfully carried into another shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein be discharged from such service or labor but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such slave belongs or to whom such service or labor may be due section 3 i other states may be admitted into this confederacy by a vote of two thirds of the whole house of representatives and two thirds of the senate the senate voting by states but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states or parts of states without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the congress 2 the congress shall have power to dispose of and make allneedful rules and regulations concerning the property of the confederate states including the lands thereof 3 the confederate states may acquire new territory and congress shall have power to legislate and provide governments for the inhabitants of all territory belonging to the confederate states lying without the limits of the several sates and may permit them at such times and in such manner as it may by law provide to form states to be admitted into the confederacy in all such territory the institution of negro slavery as it now exists in the confederate states shall be recognized and protected be congress and by the territorial government and the inhabitants of the several confederate states and territories shall have the right to take to such territory any slaves lawfully held by them in any of the states or territories of the confederate states 4 the confederate states shall guarantee to every state that now is or hereafter may become a member of this confederacy a republican form of government and shall protect each of them against invasion and on application of the legislature or of the executive when the legislature is not in session against domestic violence article v section 1 i upon the demand of any three states legally assembled in their several conventions the congress shall summon a convention of all the states to take into consideration such amendments to the constitution as the said states shall concur in suggesting at the time when the said demand is made and should any of the proposed amendments to the constitution be agreed on by the said convention voting by states and the same be ratified by the legislatures of two thirds of the several states or by conventions in two thirds thereof as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the general convention they shall thenceforward form a part of this ...