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to make reconnaissances in may 1862 general george b mcclellan was so impressed with the energy and perseverance that he showed in wading the chickahominy alone to ascertain what would be a safe ford for the army to cross and with his courage in reconnoitering the enemy s position while on the other side that he was appointed aide de camp with the rank of captain to date from 15 june 1862 capt custer applied at once for permission to attack the picket post he had just discovered and at daylight the next morning surprised the enemy drove them back capturing some prisoners and the first colors that were taken by the army of the potomac after general mcclellan s retirement from command of the army capt custer was discharged from his volunteer appoint merit and returned to his regiment as lieutenant he had served there but a short time when general alfred pleasonton on 15 may 1863 made him aide de camp on his staff for daring gallantry in a skirmish at aldie and in the action at brandy station as well as in the closing operations of the rappahannock campaign he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers dating from 29 june 1863 and assigned to duty as commander of the michigan brigade lt george a custer has photo taken with ex classmate friend and captured confederate prisoner lt j b washington aide to gen johnston at fair oaks at gettysburg his brigade together with those of gregg and mcintosh defeated general stuart s efforts to turn the left flank for this action was brevetted major in the u s army to date from 3 july 1863 at culpepper court house he was wounded by a spent ball which killed his horse he took part in general sheridan s cavalry raid toward richmond in may 1864 and was brevetted lieutenant colonel for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of yellow tavern 11 may in general sheridan s second raid on richmond the michigan brigade made a most gallant fight at trevillion station but so great was their peril that the colors of the brigade were only saved from capture by general custer s tearing them from the standard held in the grasp of a dying color sergeant and concealing the flag in his bosom on 19 september 1864 he was made brevet colonel u s army for gallantry at the bat tle of winchester and on 19 oct he was brevetted major general of volunteers for gallantry and meritorious services at winchester and fisher s hill on 30 sept he assumed command of the 3d division of cavalry with which he fought the brilliant battle of woodstock on 9 oct where his former classmate at west point the confederate general rosser confronted him he drove the enemy twenty six miles capturing everything they had on wheels except one gun at cedar creek he confronted the enemy from the first attack in the morning until the battle ended the 3d division recaptured before the day was over guns and colors that had been taken from the army earlier in the fight together with confederate flags and cannon after this brilliant success general custer was sent to washington in charge of the captured colors and recommended for promotion in the spring of 1865 when general sheridan moved his cavalry toward richmond again the 3rd division fought alone the battle of waynesboro the enemy s works were carried and 11 guns 200 wagons 1 600 prisoners and 17 battle flags were captured on reaching fred rickshall station general custer found that general early had rallied from his retreat at waynesboro and was preparing for another attack he therefore sent a regiment to meet him at once general early was nearly captured his command destroyed and a campaign ended in which he lost his army every piece of artillery and all his trains for gallant and meritorious services at the battles of five forks and dinwiddie court house general cus ter was brevetted brigadier general u s army to date from 13 march 1865 in a general order addressed to his troops dated at appomattox court house 9 april 1865 general custer said during the past six months though in most instances con fronted by superior numbers you have captured from the enemy in open battle 111 pieces of field artillery 65 battle flags and upward of 10 000 prisoners of war including seven general officers within the past ten days and included in the above you have captured 46 field pieces of artil lery and 37 battle flags you have never lost a gun never lost a color and never been defeated and notwithstanding the numerous engagements in which you have borne a prominent part includ ing those memorable battles of the shenandoah you have captured every piece of artillery which the enemy has dared to open upon you general custer received the first flag of truce from the army of northern virginia and was present at the surrender at appomattox court house he was brevetted major general for his services in the last campaign and appointed major general of volunteers to date from 15 april 1865 he par ticipated in all but one of the battles of the army of the potomac after the grand review he was ordered to texas to command a division of cavalry in november 1865 he was made chief of cavalry and remained on this duty until march 1866 when he was mustered out of the volunteer service to date from february 1866 he then applied to the government for permission to accept from president juarez the place of chief of mexi can cavalry in the struggle against maximilian president johnson declined to give the necessary leave of absence and general custer decided to accept the lieutenant colonelcy of the 7th cavalry his appointment dating from 28 july 1866 he joined his regiment at fort riley kansas in november 1866 and served on the plains until 1871 on 27 november he fought the battle of the washita in indian territory and inflicted such a defeat upon the in dians that the entire tribe of cheyennes were compelled to return to their reservation he was ordered with his regiment to kentucky in 1871 where he remained until 1873 in the spring of that year he was sent with the 7th to fort rice dakota and from there accompanied an expedition to the yellowstone on 4 aug he fought the sioux with his regiment on the yellowstone near the mouth of tongue river and on the 11th had another engagement three miles below the mouth of the big horn in july 1874 the government ordered an expedition commanded by general custer into the black hills which resulted in an unexplored region being opened to miners and frontiersmen on 15 may 1876 general custer commanded his regiment in a campaign against the confederated sioux tribes the indians were discovered encamped on the little big horn river in a region almost unknown eleven tribes numbering nearly 9 000 had their villages on and in the vicinity of the little big horn the government expedition consisted of 1 100 men the strength of the enemy not being known general custer was ordered to take his regiment and pursue a trail he arrived at what was supposed to be the only indian village on 25 june and an attack was made by a portion of the regiment numbering fewer than 200 cavalry while general custer with 277 troopers charged on the village from another direction overwhelming numbers met them and general custer with his entire command was slain the officers and men were interred upon the battle field and in 1879 it was made a national cemetery a monument recording the name and rank of all who fell was erected by the u s government on the spot where general custer made his last stand in 1877 his remains were removed to the cemetery at west point n y library of congress photograph from the main eastern theater of the war battle of antietam september october 1862 left to right 1 col delos b sackett i g 2 capt george monteith 3 lt col nelson b sweitzer 4 gen george w morell 5 col alexander s webb chief of staff 5th corps 6 gen george b mcclellan 7 scout adams 8 dr jonathan letterman army medical director 9 unknown 10 president lincoln 11 gen henry j hunt 12 gen fitz john porter 13 unknown 14 col frederick t locke a a g 15 gen andrew a humphreys 16 capt george armstrong custer he was nearly six feet in height broad shouldered lithe and active with a weight never above 170 pounds his eyes were blue his hair and mustache of golden tint he was a man of immense strength and endurance and as he used neither liquors nor tobacco his physical condition was perfect through all the hardships of his life eleven horses were shot under him in battle at the age of twenty three he was made a brigadier general at twenty five a major general the close of the war reduced his command from thousands to hun dreds but his enthusiastic devotion to duty was not diminished and his form was seen at the head of his men in his indian service just as it had been during the civil war he reverenced religion he showed deference to the aged he honored womankind he was fond of children and devoted to animals his domestic life was characterized by a simplicity joyous contentment and fondness for home that was surprising when it is remem bered that out of the thirty seven years of his brief life fourteen were spent in active warfare one of his friends wrote his history under his name in one sentence this was a man in 1871 general custer began to contribute articles on frontier life to the galaxy which were published in book form un der the title my life on the plains new york 1874 he was engaged on a series of war me moirs for the galaxy at the time of his death he occasionally contributed articles on hunting to turf field and farm and forest and stream his life has been written by frederick whittaker new york 1878 george armstrong custer and elizabeth bacon custer library of congress description gen george custer wife date between 1864 and 1865 his wife elizabeth bacon custer whom he married in february 1864 was with him at the front during the last year of the war and also accompanied him in his nine years service on the western frontier she has pub lished boots and saddles or life with general custer in dakota new york 1885 and is now 1887 at work upon a volume of reminiscences of the general s service in texas and kansas his brother thomas ward custer soldier born in new rumley harrison co ohio 15 march 1845 died in montana 25 june 1876 after repeated attempts which failed on account of his youth he succeeded in enlisting as a private in an ohio regiment and served in the west until he was made aide de camp on his brother s staff then with the army of the potomac his appointment as second lieutenant in the 6th michigan cavalry dated from 8 november 1864 his horse was often neck and neck with that of his brother in the famous cavalry charges and in tile fight at namozine church 2 april 1865 he captured a confederate flag at sailor s creek 6 april he captured a second flag but was shot by the standard bearer and severely wounded in the face he was preparing to charge again when stopped by his brother and told to go to the rear and have his wound dressed as he paid no at tention to this request it became necessary for general custer to order him under arrest before he could check his ardor he received a medal from congress for the capture of the colors at sailor s creek in the spring of 1865 he accompanied gem custer to texas and served on the staff until mustered out of service in november he re ceived the brevets of captain major and lieuten ant colonel on 23 feb 1866 he was appointed second lieutenant in the 1st infantry of the regu lar army and on 28 july was promoted to a first lieutenancy in his brother s regiment the 7th cav alry with which he served on frontier duty until he fell beside his brother in the battle of the little big horn when he was asked his opinion of his brother just before the final campaign general cus ter said if you want to know my opinion of tom i can only say that i think he should be the general and i the captain edited appleton s cyclopedia american biography george a custer autograph letter signed to ely s parker commissioner of indian affairs dated june 18th 1871 monroe michigan my purpose is to make my narrative as truthful as possible custer was commissioned by the galaxy to write a series of articles descriptive of life on the plains embracing personal sketches marches and campaigns ely parker a seneca sachem was an engineer who became acquainted with ulysses s grant in the late 1850 s later serving as his military secretary at appomattox one of grant s first presidential acts was to appoint parker as commissioner of indian affairs in this letter custer asks general parker for dept copies of the reports of indian agents relating to the sioux cheyenne arapahos apaches plains or comanches lieutenant colonel george a custer 7th u s cavalry ca 1875 he especially was keen to have reports concerning general winfield hancock s expedition which had resulted in custer being court martialed the very tribes which custer was researching and writing about in these rather authoritative essays were those that annihilated his troops at little big horn custer s articles on the plains indians were first published in the galaxy volumes 13 18 1872 1874 then in his book my life on the plains or personal experiences with indians two years before his death in 1876 capitals of the united states and colonies of america philadelphia sept 5 1774 to oct 24 1774 city tavern carpenter s hall philadelphia may 10 1775 to dec 12 1776 pennsylvania state house baltimore dec 20 1776 to feb 27 1777 henry fite s house philadelphia march 4 1777 to sept 18 1777 pennsylvania state house lancaster september 27 1777 lancaster court house york sept 30 1777 to june 27 1778 york town court house philadelphia july 2 1778 to june 21 1783 college hall pa state house princeton june 30 1783 to nov 4 1783 prospect house nassau hall annapolis nov 26 1783 to aug 19 1784 maryland state house trenton nov 1 1784 to dec 24 1784 french arms tavern new york city jan 11 1785 to nov 13 1788 new york city hall new york city october 6 1788 to march 3 1789 walter livingston house new york city march 3 1789 to august 12 1790 federal hall philadelphia december 6 1790 to may 14 1800 congress hall washington dc november 17 1800 to present two us capitol buildings historic us a non profit corporation primary source exhibits 727 771 1776 exhibit inquiries 202 239 1774 office website www historic us posted by estoric at 1 26 pm no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest home subscribe to posts atom primary sources primary sources articles of association articles of confederation article the first coin act declaration of independence emancipation proclamation gettysburg address monroe doctrine northwest ordinance no taxation without representation thanksgiving proclamations mayflower compact treaty of paris 176 3 83 united nations charter united states in congress assembled us bill of rights united states constitution us continental congress virginia declaration of rights historic 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