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tion and acceptance of the newly elected pope pius then retired into a small room near the altar where he dressed into the white robes of his office the new pope emerged attired in white with the exception of red shoes this was quite regular but he also failed to remove the red cardinal s socks which were supposed to be replaced with the traditional white papal stockings the secretary of the conclave monsignor merry del val kneeling then offered him the papal white cap admisth breathless silence he did not follow the precedent created by pope leo who declined to give his red cap to the master of ceremonies as a sign that he would soon be created a cardinal but with a slight smile pius x took the white cap and placed it calmly on his own head he then dropped the red one lightly on the head of monsignor merry del val amidst a murmur of approval this was taken as a certain indication that the happy recipient was soon to be raised to the cardinalate as the new pontiff stepped from behind the altar he seemed to be the embodiment of his holy office his face was pale and clearly softened by emotion he paused a moment as he came before the expectant cardinals then seated himself on the throne to receive the first obedience then the te deum was intoned at the close of this hymn of praise pius x rose and in a voice at first tremulous but gradually becoming full and firm administered the papal blessing to all of the members of the sacred college at noon cardinal macehi secretary of apostolic briefs announced to the crowd assembled before st peter s that cardinal sarto patriarch of venice had been elected pope and that he had taken the name pius x at 12 10 pm pope pius x appeared inside the balcony of the basilica and blessed the people amid the acclamation of the enormous crowd assembled his coronation took place on the following sunday august 9th 1903 pius x s first official act as pope occurred when he addressed his first encyclical to the church universal he declared that in filling the duties of his exalted office he would be nothing but the minister of god with the motto instaurare omnia in christo he proclaimed that the safety of society depends upon the church and that all must have recourse to prayer by the end of the year pope pius x had abolished the traditional right of veto at the papal election claimed by several european governments and exercised for the last time by austria against cardinal rampolla who otherwise might have been pope instead of sarto page one bottom insert on page two 22 pages in total of an unpublished cardinal sarto immaculate conception homily from the dr richard pomazal collection on february 2 1904 pius x issued his ad diem illum laetissimum encyclical in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the immaculate conception dogma the encyclical maintained that christ was the word made flesh and the savior of all mankind jesus had a physical body like any other man but as the savior of the human family christ also had a spiritual and mystical body which pius x decreed as the church the blessed virgin did not conceive the eternal son of god merely in order that christ might be made man although pius wrote that god did obtain his human nature from mary by means of the human nature christ assumed from mary he became the redeemer of men mary carrying the savior within her also carried all those whose life was contained in the life of the savior therefore all the faithful united to christ are members of his body of his flesh and of his bones from the womb of mary like a body united to its head though a spiritual and mystical fashion they are all children of mary and she is their mother mother spiritually indeed but truly mother of the members of christ the marian encyclical pontifical motto omnia restaurare in christo to restore everything in christ promoted the ad diem illum devotions stating that no honouring is more pleasing to mary none she likes better than the one in which we truly recognize and love jesus this according to pius x is the aim of marian encyclical the pronouncement of the immaculate conception was also a part of the marian encyclical but let people believe and confess that the virgin mary has been from the first moment of her conception preserved from all stain and it is straightway necessary that they should admit both original sin and the rehabilitation of the human race by jesus christ the gospel and the church and the law of suffering this immaculate conception dogma pius x decreed is the answer by its obligation of recognizing in the church a power before which mankind not only has the will to bow but the intelligence to subject itself mary a virgin was kept free from all stain of original sin because she was to be the mother of christ and she was the mother of christ so that the hope of everlasting happiness might be born again in our souls pius x also issued the motu proprio providing for the reformation of the music used in the rituals of the catholic church specifically pope pius x from his experience as a churchman had found that the ecclesiastical music in the church had deteriorated and it was not used universally in the church ceremonials the motu proprio issued november 22nd 1903 was to have a binding force throughout the church and in it pius declared that the pure gregorian chant should be used universally and absolutely and no other we will said pius x with the fulness of our apostolic authority that the force of law be given to said motu proprio and we do by our present handwriting impose its scrupulous observance upon all his excellency monsignore falconio the apostolic delegate to the united states noted that the instruction of our holy father pius x is clear and evident it is directed to the whole catholic world no nation was exempted and it has a juridical and authoritative binding character everywhere upon all catholics unfortunately the edict of our sovereign pontiff has been received by many in this country with misgivings as to the probability of putting it into practice i trust that this timidity will be overcome by the help and encouragement given by the happy results already in those churches where the reverend pastors in obedience to the pope s orders have courageously undertaken the desired reform what has already been accomplished since the publication of the motu proprio in some of our american cathedrals and churches can be accomplished in others if the pastors will only manifest sufficient zeal and set themselves to work with earnestness and perseverance for this much needed reform in 1904 pius x established commissions to codify the canon law and to reform the breviary which was the liturgical book of the latin liturgical rites of the catholic church containing the public or canonical prayers hymns the psalms readings and notations for everyday use this special congregation of cardinals of which mgr gasparri later a cardinal became the secretary was composed of the most eminent authorities on canon law throughout the world they were charged to collaboratie in the formation of the new code calling for nothing less than the reduction of all of canon law into canons along the models of recent civil codes gasparri wrote the order to be observed in the new code will more or less be as follows being preceded by a general part consisting of the titles de summa trinitiate et fide catholica de constitutionibus de consuetudine and de rescriptis there will be five books de personis de sacramentis de rebus et locis sacris de delictis et poenis and de iudiciis the 1917 code are immediately recognizable in this very early outline persons things into which gasparri had put sacraments and things and sacred places crimes and penalties trials albeit reversing the order of the last two books during the codification process that left only book i of the pio benedictine code general norms unaccounted for but recognizing such topics as custom and rescripts among his proposed preliminary titles it is easily surmised that these matters were grouped with others then unnamed in what finally emerged as book i of the 1917 code pietro gasparri may 5 1852 november 18 1934 was a roman catholic cardinal diplomat and politician in the roman curia and signatory of the lateran pacts pope pius x chose wisely as perlegisti reads consistently with the idea that gasparri had long wanted to work on a canonical codification project and had obviously given it much preliminary thought the result was the collection organization and publication for the first time of all the laws of the church as the code of canon law in 1906 pius x had resolutely opposed the french law designed to effect a separation of church and state and unwilling to compromise he allowed valuable property to be taken by the secular government rather than sacrifice complete ecclesiastical independence the decree on all the faithful approaching daily communion was issued the 14th of february 1906 it urged simply that the legislation of the council of trent on this subject be carried out more effectually than has hitherto been done according to this legislation the faithful are to receive daily communion not merely spiritually but actually whenever they assist at daily mass his decree lamentabilc or the syllabus of pius x was published in 1907 and condemned errors in the exegesis of holy scripture and in the history and interpretation of dogma the syllabus was a campaign against modernism in general and philosophical evolutionism in particular the greater number of his propositions concerned the holy scripture their inspiration and the doctrine of jesus and of the apostles while others relate to dogma the sacraments and the primacy of the bishop of rome the document also affirmed that the sacrament of reconciliation was instituted by jesus himself as in the gospel of john 20 22 23 decree lamentabili condemning 65 propositions modernist decree quam singulari in the same year was issued his famous encyclical pascendi in which modernism was condemned his encyclical pointed out the danger of modernism in relation to philosophy apologetics exegesis history liturgy and discipline and demonstrated the contradiction between that innovation and the ancient faith the encyclical also established rules by which to combat efficiently the pernicious doctrines in question among the means suggested was the establishment of an official body of censors of books and the creation of a committee of vigilance on may 7 1909 in an apostolic letter vinea electa pius x established a center of advanced studies in holy scripture in order to promote in the most effective manner possible the doctrine and all the connected studies according to the spirit of the catholic church the pontifical biblical institute is situated in rome as an institution of the holy see and administered by the jesuits located at via della pilotta 25 00187 roma telephe 39 06 6953611 the pontifical biblical institute p b i was situated in rome as an institution of the holy see and administered by the jesuits offering theological instruction at the university level its first rector was the rev leopold fonck s j who had the initial mission of preparing students to take the exams at the pontifical biblical commission with the apostolic letter cum biblia sacred 15 08 1916 benedict xv authorized to confer the academic degree of the license on behalf of the biblical commission the motu proprio quod maxime 30 09 1928 of pius xi granted to the pbi academic independence from the pontifical biblical commission allowing it to confer the degree of ph d the pbi as established by the pontiff pius x still has its own autonomy and is immediately dependent on the holy see the chancellor of the institute is the prefect of the congregation for catholic education the pbi is predominantly international and its students currently come from about sixty countries the roman catholic church in the united states up until 1910 had been under the papal missionary jurisdiction of the propaganda pius x raised the united states roman catholic church to an autonomous position and created two additional american cardinals farley and o connell to take their place beside cardinal gibbons by the pope s last important official act may 25 1914 13 candidates received were ordained as cardinals pius death on august 20th 1914 was probably hastened by anxiety over the outbreak of the european war during his illnesses and especially the last one his sisters plain peasant women cared for him devotedly saint pope pius x tomb forty years after his death on may 29th 1954 less than three years after his february 17th 1952 beatification pius x was canonized the four miracles that led to his sainthood were 1 sister marie françoise deperras a nun who had bone cancer and was cured on 7 december 1928 during a novena in which a relic of pius x was placed on her chest 2 sister benedetta de maria who had cancer and in a novena started in 1938 she eventually touched a relic statue of pius x and was cured 3 francesco belsami an attorney from naples who had a fatal pulmonary abscess who was cured upon placing a picture of the blessed pope pius x upon his chest 4 sister maria ludovica scorcia a nun who was afflicted with a serious neurotropic virus and who upon several novenas was entirely cured pope pius xii conducted the canonization mass at saint peter s basilica before a crowd of about 800 000 pius x became the first pope to be canonized since pius v was canonized in 1712 consult a m j j waal life of pope pius x translated from the second german edition by j w berg milwaukee 1904 angelo marchesan pap it pius x in leben unci wort einsiedeln 1906 the programme of modernism reply to encyclical of pius x new york 1908 also life of pope pius x published anonymously ib 1904 and acta pii pp x and acta apostolicce sedis vatican press historic us a non profit corporation primary source exhibits 727 771 1776 exhibit inquiries 202 239 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